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182. Description and phylogenetic position of a new species of Rhabdias Stiles et Hassall, 1905 (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from the banded rubber frog, Phrynomantis bifasciatus (Smith) (Amphibia: Microhylidae), in South Africa
- Creator:
- Kuzmin, Yuriy, Halajian, Ali, Tavakol, Sareh, Luus-Powell, Wilmien J, and Tkach, Vasyl V
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- obojživelníci, morfologie (biologie), amphibians, morphology (biology), Rhabdias engelbrechti sp. n., Limpopo Province, molecular phylogeny, rDNA, cox1, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The lung-dwelling nematode Rhabdias engelbrechti sp. n. was found in five of eight examined banded rubber frogs in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The species is differentiated from species of Rhabdias Stiles et Hassall, 1905 occurring in the Afrotropical Realm based on the presence of a globular cuticular inflation at the anterior end, the buccal capsule walls being distinctly divided into anterior and posterior parts, the buccal capsule size (6-9 μm × 16-18 μm), and the body length (3.8-6.1 mm). Rhabdias engelbrechti is the tenth species of the genus found in Afrotropical anurans. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the complete sequences of the ITS region and partial sequences of large subunit (28S) gene of the nuclear ribosomal RNA demonstrates that the new species is more closely related to the Eurasian species Rhabdias bufonis (Schrank, 1788) than to two other species from sub-Saharan Africa represented in the tree. In addition, partial sequences of the mitochondrial protein coding cox1 and ribosomal 12S genes of the new species have shown significant differences from all previously published sequences of these genes from African species of Rhabdias., Yuriy Kuzmin, Ali Halajian, Sareh Tavakol, Wilmien J. Luus-Powell, Vasyl V. Tkach., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
183. Description of Tresuncinidactylus wilmienae gen. et sp. n. (Monogenea: Gyrodactylidae), from the gills of the bulldog, Marcusenius macrolepidotus (Peters) from Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe
- Creator:
- Přikrylová, Iva, Barson, Maxwell, and Shinn, Andrew P.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fylogeneze, phylogeny, Afrika, Africa, 18S rDNA, Mormyridae, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The African continent has a rich diversity of fish and amphibians in its inland water systems that serve as hosts for monogeneans of seven genera of the Gyrodactylidae van Beneden et Hesse, 1832. In August 2011, eight gyrodactylid parasites were collected from the gills of two specimens of bulldog, Marcusenius macrolepidotus (Peters), from Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Morphometric evaluation and sequencing of 18S rDNA confirmed that the specimens represented a species of a new viviparous genus, Tresuncinidactylus wilmienae gen. et sp. n. The attachment apparatus consists of a single pair of large slender hamuli with prominently flattened roots that are connected by a simple, narrow dorsal bar. The ventral bar is small and possesses a thin lingulate membrane but no evident anterolateral processes. There are 16 marginal hooks of one morphological type, but of three different sizes, with large falculate sickles that are proportionaly equal in length to the length of their handles. The two largest pairs of marginal hooks are positioned closest to the opisthaptoral peduncle, the neighbouring two pairs of medium-sized marginal hook sickles are situated along the lateral margins of the opisthaptor. Four pairs of smallest marginal hooks are positioned along the posterior margin of the opisthaptor. The male copulatory organ consists of a muscular pouch armed with approximately 30 gracile spines. Phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the 18S rDNA using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference placed the new genus within the lineage of solely African genera and suggests Afrogyrodactylus Paperna, 1968, Citharodactylus Přikrylová, Shinn et Paladini, 2017 and Mormyrogyrodactylus Luus-Powell, Mashego et Khalil, 2003 as genera most closely related to the new genus., Iva Přikrylová, Maxwell Barson, Andrew P. Shinn., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
184. Detection of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA marker linked to cocoon traits in the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
- Creator:
- Sreekumar, Sivaramakurup, Ashwath, Southekal K., Slathia, Monika, Kumar, Sundaramurthy N., and Qadri, Syed M. H.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Bombyx mori, bulked segregant analysis, cocoon traits, single nucleotide polymorphism, quantitative trait loci, QTL, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Cocoon weight and shell weight are the key economic traits ultimately determining silk yield. In order to detect the main quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the cocoon traits of the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori, the parents of larvae that produced cocoons that differed greatly in weight and shell weight were screened using 240 primer pairs of single nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs) representing all the 28 linkage groups in silkworm. Out of the 240 primer pairs, 48 (20%) revealed distinct polymorphism between the parents, which was confirmed by the co-dominant expression of both polymorphic PCR products in the F1 generation. The bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to compare the SNP profiles of the parents, F1 and F2 bulks using the 48 informative SNP primers. This revealed that out of 48 primer pairs, only one pair, i.e., No. 04124 of the linkage group 4 showed clear differences in the amplified products between the bulks corresponding to that of the parents with different cocoon traits suggesting that the DNA regions amplified by this primer pair are closely linked to the QTL controlling the cocoon traits. The results were also confirmed by screening the backcross (BC) progeny. This is the first report of the identification of a QTL using SNPs with BSA. The results of the present study indicate that it might be possible to use SNPs for marker assisted selection (MAS) in silkworm breeding programs aimed at improving cocoon traits. and Sivaramakurup Sreekumar, Southekal K. Ashwath, Monika Slathia, Sundaramurthy N. Kumar, Syed M.H. Qadri.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
185. Detection of Neospora caninum (Toxoplasmatidae) in wild small mammals from Thailand
- Creator:
- Japa, Ornampai, Serge Morand, Karnchanabanthoeng, Anamika, Chaisiri, Kittipong, and Ribas, Alexis
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- DNA (nukleová kyselina), výtrusovci, hlodavci, deoxyribonucleic acid, Apicomplexa, rodents, Asie jihovýchodní, Asia, Southeastern, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The presence of Neospora caninum Dubey, Carpenter, Speer, Topper et Uggla, 1988 in small mammals (i.e. murid rodents, Erinaceomorpha, Eulipotyphla and Scadentia) was explored for first time in South-East Asia. A total of 192 individuals from six localities across Thailand were analysed. A general prevalence of N. caninum of 22% was observed, with some variation among localities (5-36%). Four main types of habitat were included and rodents trapped in dry-land habitat (17 positive among 41 individuals) were more likely to be infected with N. caninum than those from other habitats (forest, rain-fed land and settlement). Rodent species identity and individual rodent weight had no influence on individual infection. Our results provided the first data on the presence of N. caninum in rodents in South-East Asia and first report of N. caninum in the order Scadentia., Ornampai Japa, Serge Morand, Anamika Karnchanabanthoeng, Kittipong Chaisiri, Alexis Ribas., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
186. Detection of telomeric sequences and ribosomal RNA genes in holokinetic chromosomes of five jumping plant-lice species: First data on the superfamily Psylloidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha)
- Creator:
- Maryańska-Nadachowska, Anna, Kuznetsova, Valentina G, Golub, Natalia V, and Anokhin, Boris A
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- polokřídlí, mšicosaví, mery, merovití, Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Psylloidea, Psyllidae, Aphalaridae, telomeric repeats, 18S rDNA, FISH, NOR, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a technique used to determine the chromosomal position of DNA and RNA probes. The present study contributes to knowledge on jumping plant-lice genomes by using FISH with 18S rDNA and telomeric (TTAGG)n probes on meiotic chromosomes of Psylla alni (2n = 24 + X), Cacopsylla mali (2n = 22 + neo-XY and 20 + neo-X1X2Y), C. sorbi (2n = 20 + neo-XY), Baeopelma foersteri (2n = 14 + X), and Rhinocola aceris (2n = 10 + X). This is the first study that has used FISH on the hemipteran superfamily Psylloidea. We found that the chromosomes of all studied species contain the insect-type telomere motif, (TTAGG)n. In C. mali and C. sorbi, the neo-sex chromosomes originating from autosome-sex chromosome fusions showed no interstitially located clusters of TTAGG repeats, suggesting their loss or inactivation. Similarly, no interstitial (TTAGG)n clusters were detected in an extremely large autosome pair of B. foersteri that most likely originated from a fusion of at least five ancestral chromosome pairs. Clusters of 18S rDNA were detected on the fused and second largest autosome pairs of B. foersteri and on one of the large autosome pairs of the remaining species. In C. mali and B. foersteri, the rDNA clusters were shown to coincide with the NORs as detected by the AgNOR method. Finally, we speculate, based on the obtained FISH markers, on the mechanisms of karyotype evolution of psylloid species differing in chromosome numbers and sex chromosome systems., Anna Maryańska-Nadachowska, Valentina G. Kuznetsova, Natalia V. Golub, Boris A. Anokhin., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
187. Detection of tick-borne pathogens in wild birds and their ticks in Western Siberia and high level of their mismatch
- Creator:
- Korobitsyn, Igor G., Moskvitina, Nina S., Tyutenkov, Oleg Yu., Gashkov, Sergey I., Kononova, Yulia V., Moskvitin, Sergey S., Romanenko, Vladimir N., Mikryukova, Tamara P., Protopopova, Elena V., Kartashov, Mikhail Yu., Chausov, Eugene V., Konovalova, Svetlana N., Tupota, Natalia L., Sementsova, Alexandra O., Ternovoi, Vladimir A., and Loktev, Valery B.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ptáci, birds, Ixodes, WNV, TBEV, Borrelia spp., Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp., 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The Tomsk region located in the south of Western Siberia is one of the most high-risk areas for tick-borne diseases due to elevated incidence of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease in humans. Wild birds may be considered as one of the reservoirs for tick-borne pathogens and hosts for infected ticks. A high mobility of wild birds leads to unpredictable possibilities for the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into new geographical regions. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in wild birds and ticks that feed on them as well as to determine the role of different species of birds in maintaining the tick-borne infectious foci. We analysed the samples of 443 wild birds (60 species) and 378 ticks belonging to the genus Ixodes Latraille, 1795 collected from the wild birds, for detecting occurrence of eight tick-borne pathogens, the namely tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and species of Borrelia, Rickettsia, Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Bartonella and Babesia Starcovici, 1893, using RT-PCR/or PCR and enzyme immunoassay. One or more tick-borne infection markers were detected in 43 species of birds. All markers were detected in samples collected from fieldfare Turdus pilaris Linnaeus, Blyth's reed warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum Blyth, common redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus (Linnaeus), and common chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus. Although all pathogens have been identified in birds and ticks, we found that in the majority of cases (75.5 %), there were mismatches of pathogens in birds and ticks collected from them. Wild birds and their ticks may play an extremely important role in the dissemination of tick-borne pathogens into different geographical regions., Igor G. Korobitsyn, Nina S. Moskvitina, Oleg Yu. Tyutenkov, Sergey I. Gashkov, Yulia V. Kononova, Sergey S. Moskvitin, Vladimir N. Romanenko, Tamara P. Mikryukova, Elena V. Protopopova, Mikhail Yu. Kartashov, Eugene V. Chausov, Svetlana N. Konovalova, Natalia L. Tupota, Alexandra O. Sementsova, Vladimir A. Ternovoi, Valery B. Loktev., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
188. Determining the season of death from the family composition of insects infesting carrion
- Creator:
- Moretti, Thiago De Carvalho, Bonato, Vinícius, and Godoy, Wesley Augusto Conde
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, forensic science, forensic entomology, necrophagous insects, seasonal dating, seasonality, Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Fanniidae, Formicidae, baseline-category logit model, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Determining the season of death by means of the composition of the families of insects infesting carrion is rarely attempted in forensic studies and has never been statistically modelled. For this reason, a baseline-category logit model is proposed for predicting the season of death as a function of whether the area where the carcass was exposed is sunlit or shaded and of the relative abundance of particular families of carrion insects (Calliphoridae, Fanniidae, Sarcophagidae, and Formicidae). The field study was conducted using rodent carcasses (20-252 g) in an urban forest in southeastern Brazil. Four carcasses (2 in a sunlit and 2 in a shaded area) were placed simultaneously at the study site, twice during each season from August 2003 through June 2004. The feasibility of the model, measured in terms of overall accuracy, is 64 ± 14%. It is likely the proposed model will assist forensic teams in predicting the season of death in tropical ecosystems, without the need of identifying the species of specimens or the remains of carrion insects. and Thiago de Carvalho Moretti, Vinícius Bonato, Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
189. Deterrence of feeding in Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) after treatment of antennae with a nitric oxide donor
- Creator:
- Sfara, Valeria, Zerba, Eduardo N., and Alzogaray, Raúl A.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Triatominae, Rhodnius prolixus, feeding behaviour, nitric oxide, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The blood-sucking bug Rhodnius prolixus is the main vector of Chagas Disease in Colombia, Venezuela and several countries in Central America. Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous gaseous molecule present in most types of cell and participates in the olfactory pathway of insects. In this work, nitroso-acetyl-cysteine (SNAC), a nitric oxide donor, was topically applied to the antennae of fifth instar nymphs of R. prolixus. After SNAC treatment, these insects showed a dose-dependent reluctance to feed when provided with a living pigeon as the food source (ED50 = 5.2 µg/insect). However, there was no reluctance to feed when db-cGMP was applied to the antennae of nymphs. In another experiment, insects that had their antennae treated with SNAC were less attracted than the control group to a CO2 source. A possible role of NO in the olfactory pathway of R. prolixus is discussed. and Valeria Sfara, Eduardo N. Zerba, Raúl A. Alzogaray.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
190. Development of an ELISA using anti-idiotypic antibody for diagnosis of opisthorchiasis
- Creator:
- Bulashev, Aitbay K, Borovikov, Sergey N, Serikova, Shynar S, Suranshiev, Zhanbolat A, Kiyan, Vladimir S, and Eskendirova, Saule Z
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitologie, parasitology, Opisthorchis felineus, excretory-secretory antigen, antigenicity, immunogenicity, monoclonal antibody, polyclonal antibody, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Monoclonal antibody specific for an epitope of cretory-secretory antigen protein of Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae) with a molecular weight of 28 kDa was used in a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for immobilisation of liver fluke specific antigen to the solid phase. Examination of human sera by this ELISA compared with commercial assays demonstrated that the monoclonal antibody epitope is located within this significant parasite protein. Anti-idiotypic antibody specific for the paratope of this monoclonal antibody was obtained by a hybridoma technique. Mimicking an epitope of excretory-secretory antigen of O. felineus, it had the capacity to bind specific antibody and elicit an antibody response. The value of anti-idiotypic antibody as a substitute for the liver fluke antigen was tested by ELISA using serum samples of infected dogs. Anti-idiotypic antibody proved to be of value in both an indirect-ELISA and a competitive-ELISA for diagnosis of opisthorchiasis. Mature trematodes were isolated from all infected animals. The faecal egg counts were negative in dogs with a relatively small number of parasites, despite finding antibodies in serum by ELISA. Substitution of parasite antigen with anti-idiotype avoids the use of experimental animals and also reduces time-consuming steps of antigen preparation., Aitbay K. Bulashev, Sergey N. Borovikov, Shynar S. Serikova, Zhanbolat A. Suranshiev, Vladimir S. Kiyan, Saule Z. Eskendirova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public