The plasmonic properties of heavy doped semiconductors at a terahertz and far infrared frequencies are discussed in this article. Special attention is devoted to the semiconductors due to their tunability, extremely low effective masses and exceptionally high carrier mobility. Mathematical model is based on Drude-Lorentz oscillators that bring the properties of free electron gas and heteropolar lattice vibrations. The experimental values for indium antimonide n-doped at the 1017 cm-3 are used for calculations. The resonant quality, electric field amplification and dipolar moment are presented for five nanoantennas with different shapes. and V článku sú diskutované plazmonické vlastnosti ťažko dopovaných polovodičov v terahertzovej a ďalekej infračervenej oblasti. Špeciálna pozornosť je venovaná polovodičom z dôvodu ľaditeľnosť ich vlastností, veľmi nízkej efektívnej hmotnosti a výnimočne vysokej pohyblivosti elektrónov. Permitivita materialu je počítaná na základe Drudeho-Lorentzovho modelu, ktorý zahŕňa vlastnosti voľných elektrónov, aj vibrácie heteropolárnej mriežky materiala. Pri výpočtoch sú použité experimentálne hodnoty odmerané na polovodiči n-dopovanom polovodiči indium antimód s koncentráciou vodivostných elektrónov 1017 cm-3. Prezentované výsledky rezonančnej kvality, zosilnenia elektrického poľa a radiačného dipólového momentu sú vypočítané pre päť nanoantén rôzneho tvaru.
The paper shows that the deviations of the plane of polarisation from the normal direction found by us are due to scattering of the polarised lights of the corona on ice-crystals in high layers of troposphere. Nevertheless, the deviations in the equatorial regions can hardly be explained in this way, and they seem to be real. and Součástí článku jsou fotografie s popisky v angličtině (nestránkováno)
The cells of purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides embedded in stretched polymer films were irradiated by strong polarized "white light" with an electric vector parallel to the direction of film stretching. The polarized absorption and photoacoustic spectra before and after strong irradiation were measured. Measurements of absorbance showed no confident anisotropy before and after strong irradiation. In contradiction, the photoacoustic method showed after strong irradiation some changes in anisotropy of thermal deactivation due to the perturbation of the fate of excitations. The increase in yield of thermal deactivation, higher in a region of light-harvesting complex 2, can be explained by the irreversible changes in the conformation of the complexes due to strong irradiance reported up to now predominantly for thylakoid antenna complexes. and J. Goc, K. Klecha.
The politicization of the Nabī Mūsā festival during the Palestine Mandate is a well-established and publicized fact, yet other Arab Palestinian festivals experienced a similar transformation in the same context. Such was the case of the Mawlid al-nabawī (the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad). The intention of Arab nationalists was that it should evolve into a communal festival for all the Palestinian Arabs. However, for mainly denominational, geographical and political reasons, the attempt met with varied success throughout the territory of the Palestine Mandate. Attendance at public festivities remained decidedly Muslim in character. Repeated appeals for Christian participation were to little avail. Yet the attempts to include Christian Arabs in the festival throw light on the Arab nationalist ideologies in Palestine at the time - from that point of view, the celebrations linked to the birth of the Prophet Muhammad stand out as an axiological inspiration, regardless of denominational boundaries. In 1937, the political mobilization on the occasion of the Mawlid al-nabawī reached a peak but, even then, attendance was greatest in Gaza and Acre, places where the festival was traditionally important. Furthermore, te degree of mobilization, varying as it did from place to place, seems to be a reflection of the influence of the main Arab Palestinian factions, whose rivalry was reaching a climax in the late 1930s.
The pollens consumed by common green lacewings Chrysoperla spp. in crop environment in western France, were analysed. The diverticulum contents including quantity of pollen of Chrysoperla adults were analysed to compare a feeding behaviour between the sexes. Females consume more pollen than males. The feeding behaviour of the two main species present was compared, yielding new insights into differences between species within the complex Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens).
This paper focuses on two types of late medieval judicial monuments which were occasionally given sophisticated microarchitectural forms - the so-called poor sinners' cross or confessional cross (literal translations of the German terms Armsünderkreuz and Beichtenmarter), and the pillory. The essay has two aims: First, to stimulate a discussion about the ways in which such works of microarchitecture accentuated and structured the performance of civic rituals; and second, to contribute to a recent debate that investigates the entanglement of late medieval urban enactments of criminal punishment with contemporary pictorial and liturgical enactments of the historical Passion narrative. The following monuments are analyzed within their respective judicial and ritual contexts: The Spinnerin am Kreuz in Vienna (1451-1452), the Zderad Column in Brno (dated variously between the late 14th century and the 1470s), and the pillories of Wrocław (1492), Schwäbisch Hall in Swabia (1509) and Kasteelbrakel / Braine-le-Château in southern Belgium (1521). Placed both at the periphery and at the center of the late medieval city, these structures left a characteristic and potent signature on people's everyday environment. By projecting microarchitecture, images and narratives onto a piece of geography, they invested a place with meanings that had little to do with its actual form. Topographic features such as market squares, roads, and fields were thus mnemonically marked as places where justice has been done, or will be done, as places of social cleansing, expulsion and re-entry. Where Passion imagery or quasi-liturgical types of microarchitecture provided a visual and semantic backdrop to the discourse of criminal justice, these places furthermore reverberated with the collective or individual memory of the events of Golgotha, and, at least in theory, transformed themselves into moralizing stages on which the delinquent could be seen to experience his own physical or social extinction. and Tento článek se soustřeďuje na dva typy pozdně gotických památek, na tzv. smírčí kříž nebo zpovědní kříž (doslovný překlad německých názvů Armsünderkreuz a Beichtenmarter) a pranýř, které se ve středověku užívaly při soudních exekucích. Práce má dva cíle: za prvé podnítit diskusi o způsobech, jakými tato drobná kamenná architektonická díla zvýrazňovala a strukturovala výkon civilních rituálů, a za druhé přispět k současné debatě, jež zkoumá propojení pozdně středověkých městských právních předpisů pro trestání zločinů s dobovými obrazovými a liturgickými předpisy pro historický příběh pašijí. V individuálních justičních a rituálních kontextech jsou analyzovány následující památky: Spinnerin am Kreuz ve Vídni (1451-1452), Zderadův sloup v Brně (datován různě mezi konec 14. století a sedmdesátá léta 15. století) a pranýře z Vratislavi (1492), Schwäbisch Hallu ve Švábsku (1509) a Kasteelbrakelu / Braine-le-Château v jižní Belgii (1521). Tyto stavby, umístěné jak na okraji, tak i v centru pozdně středověkých měst, zanechaly charakteristickou a výraznou stopu v každodenním lidovém prostředí. Drobná architektura, obrazy a příběhy obdařily městské scenérie významy, které měly málo společného s jejich dosavadní podobou. Topografické prvky jako tržiště, cesty a pole byly takto mnemotechnicky označeny jako místa, kde se vykonává nebo bude vykonávat právo, jako místa společenského očištění, vykázání a opětovného návratu. Tam, kde zobrazení pašijí nebo kvaziliturgické typy drobné architektury poskytovaly vizuální a sémantický horizont pro diskurs trestního práva, ozývala se kromě toho tato místa také jako kolektivní nebo individuální památka událostí na Golgotě a alespoň teoreticky se proměňovala v moralizující jeviště, na nichž provinilec mohl být spatřen, jak prožívá svůj vlastní fyzický nebo společenský zánik.
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel contains 12 transmembrane (TM) regions that are presumed to form the channel pore. However, t here is no direct evidence clearly illustrating the involvement of these transmembr ane regions in the actual CFTR pore structure. To obtain insight into the architecture of the CFTR channel pore, we used patch clamp recording techniques and a strategy of comutagenesis of two potential pore-forming transmembrane regions (TM1 and TM6) to investigate the collaboration of these two TM regions. We performed a range of specific functional assays comparing the single channel conductance, anion binding, and anion selectivity properties of the co -mutated CFTR variants, and the results indicated that TM1 and TM6 play vital roles in forming the channel pore and, thus, determine the functional properties of the channel. Furthermore, we provide d functional evidence that the amino acid threonine (T338) in TM6 has synergic effects with lysine (K95) in TM1. Therefore, we propose that these two residues have functional collaboration in the CFTR channel pore and may collectively form a selective filter ., F. Qian, L. Liu, Z. Liu, C. Lu., and Obsahuje bibliografii