Cíl. Shrnout dostupné informace a analyzovat zobrazené nálezy na námi zachycených běžných i méně běžných případech tarzální koalice. Budeme se zabývat primárními i sekundárními nálezy při vlastním zobrazení i korelací s literaturou, udávanými histologickými nálezy, zobrazovacími metodami a protokoly, diferenciální diagnózou a krátkou informací o klinickém nálezu a léčbě. Metody. Vyšetřili jsme osm pacientů s různými typy tarzální koalice - s koalicí talokalkaneální mediální i dorzální, s koalicí kalkaneonavikulární, s oboustrannou talokalkaneální koalicí i s koalicí talokalkaneokuboidní, která byla součástí komplexnější dysplazie. Nálezy jsou analyzovány především na CT a MR, jsou doplněny RTG snímky. Výsledky. V závislosti na typu koalice a zvolené projekci, jsou známky na RTG snímku buď patognostické (u šikmé projekce a kalkaneonavikulární koalice), nebo diskrétní a nepřímé (u ostatních projekcí a ostatních typů koalice). CT a MR zobrazí tuto vadu při vhodně zvolených rovinách zobrazení a sekvencích nepochybně. Mezi nejvýznamnější nálezy patří zúžená nebo přemostěná kloubní štěrbina, nerovná kortikální kost, edém, osteoskleróza a změna tvaru kostí. Časté jsou sekundární degenerativní změny okolních kloubů. Závěr. Povědomí o známkách této vady umožňuje její rozpoznání i přes její málo frekventní výskyt, a to i v případech, kdy na ni klinický lékař nevysloví podezření. Na CT a MR je třeba při vyšetřování hlezna rutinně zachycovat i oblast subtalárních kloubů a tarzu., Aim. To summarize and display the imaging findings in patients with different types of both frequent and less frequent types of tarsal coalition, to discuss the imaging protocols, differential diagnoses and give brief information on clinical findings and treatment. Method. The authors display CT, MRI and X-ray findings in 8 patients with the main types of coalition (talocalcaneal, calcaneonavicular), with a bilateral talocalcaneal coalition and in a patient with a complex synostosis. Results. The encountered findings were: narrowed or absent joint space, thinned irregular cortical line, adjacent oedema and sclerosis and an unusual shape of the involved bones. Secondary degenerative changes in the adjacent joints were often encountered. Depending on the type of coalition and on the projection, this diagnosis presents with X-ray findings, which are either prominent (in calcaneonavicular coalition and an oblique X-ray) or subtle and indirect (all other cases). In MRI and CT the diagnosis is much more obvious. The pathognomonic signs as well as secondary degenerative signs will be pointed out together with the appropriate imaging protocols. A differential diagnosis will be discussed. The findings of the authors will be correlated with the literature. Conclusion. It is necessary to be aware of the findings in tarsal coalition, in order to establish the diagnosis even in cases unsuspected by the clinitian. This is more challenging in plain X-rays, in CT and MRI it is mandatory to include the subtalar and tarsal joints in the examination of the ankle., Jindra Brtková, Petra Jiříčková, and Literatura
Cíl studie: Vyhodnotit přínos interleukinu-6 u těžké akutní pankreatitidy pro odlišení sterilní nekrózy (SN) a nekrózy infikované (IN). Typ studie: Retrospektivní deskriptivní observační studie série případů. Metody: Ve vlastní práci bylo zahrnuto 59 pacientů hospitalizovaných s těžkou akutní pankreatitidou (Atlantská klasifikace 1992) na chirurgickém oddělení Nemocnice Písek v průběhu sedmi let. Pravidelně byly vyšetřovány C-reaktivní protein (CRP) a interleukin-6 (IL-6), přičemž dostatečná data byla u 42 pacientů: 14 s IN (průkaz mikrobiologicky či dle CT), 28 se SN. Statistické vyhodnocení pomocí Fisherova testu a chí-kvadrát testu. Výsledky: Byla nalezena statisticky významná diskriminační schopnost denních průměrů IL-6 5. a 6., resp. 7. a 8. den hospitalizace mezi IN a SN (p=0,0014 pro den 5 a 6, resp. p=0,0009 pro den 7 a 8). Rozvoj IN reálně nastával nejčastěji mezi 5. a 9. dnem (mikrobiologický průkaz agens či nepochybné CT známky infekce). CRP tuto schopnost diskriminace neprokázalo, jeho hladiny byly od 2. do 8. dne setrvale výrazně zvýšeny. Charakteristický byl průběh koncentrací IL-6, kdy vstupně byla přítomna výrazná elevace nezávislá na pozdějším rozvoji IN a již od druhého dne hospitalizace došlo k výraznému poklesu. K dalšímu vzestupu IL-6 došlo pouze u pacientů s rozvojem IN. Pro cut-off (diskriminace IN a SN) IL-6 (platný od 5. dne hospitalizace) 100 ng/l bylo p<0,005, pro 150 ng/l p<0,01. Závěr: Interleukin-6 v naší retrospektivní studii prokázal statisticky významnou schopnost diskriminovat infikovanou a sterilní nekrózu u těžké akutní pankreatitidy. Překročení cut-off IL-6 od 5. dne hospitalizace svědčilo pro přítomnost infikované nekrózy. Cut-off 100 ng/l diskriminoval obdobně (p<0,005, senzitivita 100 %, specificita 92 %) jako cut-off 150 ng/l (p<0,01, senzitivita 87 %, specificita 100 %)., Objective: Our retrospective study aimed to evaluate the contribution of interleukin-6 in severe acute pancreatitis. Mortality of severe acute pancreatitis ranges from 10-20% (for sterile necrosis, SN) to 20-85% (infected necrosis, IN). Resolution of SN and IN is clinically very important, but often difficult and therefore they are still searching for new laboratory markers for their differentiation. Design: Retrospective descriptive observational study of cases series. Methods: 59 patients hospitalized with severe acute pancreatitis (Atlanta classification 1992) in the surgery department of Hospital Písek in the 2000-2006 were included. Regularly they were investigated by C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin- 6 (IL-6), sufficient data was in 42 patients: 14 with IN (identified microbiologically or according to computed tomography, CT), 28 with SN. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher‘s test and chi-square test. Results: There was found statistically significant discriminatory ability of daily averages of IL-6 5th and 6th + 7th and 8th day of hospitalization between the IN and SN (p = 0.0014 for day 5 and 6, respectively. p = 0.0009 for day 7 and 8). Developing IN realistically set in the most between 5th and 9th day (needle biopsy with identification of microbiological agents or CT signs of infection). The ability of CRP to discriminate SN and IN was not found, the levels were between 2nd to 8th days increased steadily. The run of the concentrations of IL-6 was characteristic, where at the admission there was present significant elevation irrespective of subsequent development of IN and from the second day of hospitalization it decreased significantly. Further increase in IL-6 was present only in patients with the development of IN. For the cut-off (discrimination of SN and IN) for IL-6 (valid from 5th of hospitalization) 100 ng/L was P<0.005, for 150 ng/L P<0.01. Conclusion: Interleukin-6 in our retrospective study showed a statistically significant ability to discriminate between infected and sterile necrosis in severe acute pancreatitis. For the cut-off of IL-6 effective from 5th day of hospitalization 100 ng/L was P <0.005, for 150 ng/L was P<0.01., and Malina P., Cejp V., Jabor A.
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are a specialized subpopulation of T cells that act to suppress inadequate immune response. Psoriasis is recognized as a T -cell driven immune-mediated systemic inflammatory disease with skin manifestation. Effective therapeutical approach to treat psoriasis is Goeckerman therapy (GT ). The aim of this study was to compare the number of Treg in the peripheral blood of 27 psoriatic patients and 19 controls and to evaluate the influence of GT on Treg population in peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis. There was no significant difference in the relative number of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of healthy blood donors and patients with psoriasis before initiation of GT (P = 0.2668). In contrary, the relative number of Treg cells in peripheral blood of patients with psoriasis after GT was significantly higher than those found in healthy blood donors (P = 0.0019). Moreover, the relative number of Treg is significantly increased in psoriatic patients after Goeckerman therapy compared to the pre-treatment level (P = 0.0042). In conclusion, this significant increase in Treg count after GT is probably associated with amelioration of inflammation by GT , as disease activity expressed as PASI decreased in our patients by GT (P = 0.0001)., Kateřina Kondělková, Doris Vokurková, Jan Krejsek, Lenka Borská, Zdeněk Fiala, Květa Hamáková, Ctirad Andrýs, and Literatura 39
BACKGROUND: The presence of several risk factors (genetic and non-genetic) has greater impact on the risk of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) than single risk factor. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to establish possible relations between genotypes and alleles of 677C>T polymorphism of MTHFR gene and some traditional risk factors e.g. elevated levels of lipid parameters and smoking in development of premature CAD. METHODS: The groups comprised 152 patients with angiographically documented premature CAD (aged 42.9 +/- 5.5) and 121 age-matched blood donors (aged 42.3 +/- 6.5) were studied. The MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism was genotyped with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS: Patients with TT genotype who simultaneously smoked had increased risk of premature CAD compared to non-smoking cases with CC genotype (OR = 24.62). We also found that individuals with TT genotype and elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-chol.) level had significantly higher risk of CAD (OR = 9.92) than individuals with normal LDL-chol. level and CC genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that simultaneous presence of MTHFR TT genotype and smoking or elevated levels of LDL-chol. influences the risk of premature CAD. This findings give interesting contribution to gene-environment interaction problem that may have clinical implications in the future. and B. Sarecka-Hujar, I. Zak, J. Krauze
BACKGROUND: The current treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) consists of performing periodic whole blood phlebotomies. Erythrocytapheresis (EA) can remove up to three times more red blood cells per single procedure and could thus have a clinical benefit. A prospective study of 30 consecutive cases of HH were included in a periodic EA program. METHODS AND PATIENTS: EA were performed using a discontinuous flow cell separators. The protocol consisted of a bimonthly EA until normalization of the serum ferritin was reached. The aim was to reduce the total erythrocyte volume by 25-35%, eventually, to adjust the amount so that hematocrit would not drop below 0.25. RESULTS: 530 +/- 101 ml of erythrocytes were removed (median 517, range 116-761 ml). Iron depletion (ferritin < 20 microg/l) was achieved in all patients after a mean 6.9 +/- 7.6 months, median 5 months, range 1-36 months and a mean 14 EA sessions. The procedures were well tolerated and there were no severe side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that HH patients treated with EA achieved iron depletion quickly under good conditions of tolerance. The efficacy, speed, tolerability, and more favorable schedule of an EA program facilitate treatment of HH. and V. Rehácek, M. Bláha, H. Jirousová, J. Cernohorská, P. Papousek
Cíl. Korelace ultrazvukového vyšetření polohy disku temporomandibulárního kloubu s vyšetřením na magnetické rezonanci. Metoda. Celkem bylo vyšetřeno 95 pacientů, 112 čelistních kloubů, soubor zahrnoval 10 mužů, 85 žen, věkové rozhraní 14-74 let, průměrný věk 37 let. Vyšetření na ultrazvuku probíhalo na přístroji Philips iu22 lineární 17 MHz sondou ve dvou fázích - klidové a dynamické - při otevírání úst. Na magnetické rezonanci byli pacienti vyšetření na přístroji Philips Achieva 1,5 T s povrchovou cívkou a mikroskopickou cívkou, každé vyšetření zahrnovalo sekvenci s postupným otevíráním úst. Výsledky. Souhlas mezi ultrazvukovým vyšetřením a magnetickou rezonancí při ventrální poloze byl 96%, z toho byla diagnostikována repozice disku v 94%, u pacientů bez repozice byla senzitivita nižší - 65%., Aim. The aim of this study was the correlation of an ultrasound examination of the disk of the temporomandibular joint with the magnetic rezonance examination. Method. In total has been examined 95 patients, 112 mandibular joints, file include 10 men, 85 women, age interface 14-74 years old, the average age of 37 years. The patients were examined using Philips iu22 with linear 17 MHz probe with dynamic phase - with opening the mouth. On the MRI, the patients were examined using Philips Achieva 1.5 T with the surface coil and microscopic coil, each examination included a sequence with the gradual opening of the mouth. Results. Consent between the ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging in the anterior position was 96%, disc reposition in 94% of patients, without reposition in 65% cases., Andrea Šprláková-Puková, Alena Štouračová, Miloš Keřkovský, Ondřej Liberda, Vojtěch Peřina, Karel Bartušek, Zdenek Smékal, Ondřej Šmirg, and Literatura
Cieľ: Obsahová validácia ošetrovateľskej diagnózy Chronická zmätenosť a identifi kácia defi nujúcich charakteristík v podmienkach slovenskej a českej ošetrovateľskej praxe. Metódy: Na validáciu bol použitý retrospektívny Diagnostic Content Validity Model (DCV Model) podľa Fehringa. Za expertov boli považované sestry, ktoré získali minimálne 4 body podľa modifi kovaných Fehringových kritérií. Súbor expertov tvorilo 144 slovenských a 107 českých sestier. Výsledky: Za hlavné defi nujúce charakteristiky (vážené skóre VS viac ako 0,75) považovali zhodne slovenskí aj českí experti: narušená interpretácia podnetov a reakcia na ne, progresívna kognitívna porucha, klinicky podložená organická porucha mozgu, zmeny v časopriestorovej orientácii a dlhotrvajúca kognitívna porucha, ktoré sú totožné s charakteristikou syndrómu demencie. Závery: Experti nepovažovali všetky defi nujúce charakteristiky za rovnako významné. Určitý podiel zohralo zloženie samotného súboru expertov, ktorý naplnil iba spodnú hranicu kritérií na experta (6 bodov), nekompatibilita NANDA-I Taxonómie II so Zoznamom sesterských diagnóz platným v SR a absencia štandardizovanej ošetrovateľskej terminológie v Českej republike., Aim: Content validation of the nursing diagnosis Chronic confusion and identification of the defining characteristics in Slovak and Czech nursing practices. Method: Fehring’s retrospective Diagnostic Content Validity Model (DCV Model) was used. Experts were nurses who obtained minimum four points according to modified Fehring’s criteria. The group of respondents comprised of 144 Slovak and 107 Czech nurses. Results: Slovak and Czech experts alike considered the following characteristics to be defining (weighted score higher than 0.75): altered interpretation and altered response to stimuli, progressive cognitive impairment, clinical evidence of organic impairment, changes in spatiotemporal orientation and long-standing cognitive impairment, which are congruent with the characteristic features of dementia syndrome. Conclusion: Experts did not regard all the defining characteristics to be of the same importance. This was due to the composite of respondents, who only reached bottom level of criteria for an expert (6 points), incompatibility of NANDA-I Taxonomy II with the List of nursing diagnosis used in the Slovak Republic and lastly the absence of standardised nursing terminology in the Czech Republic., Martina Tomagová, Ivana Bóriková, and Literatura 28
Cieľ: Zámerom štúdie bolo zistiť, či dĺžka praxe ovplyvňuje mieru syndrómu vyhorenia v nami sledovanom súbore sestier a pôrodných asistentiek. Metódy: Zvolili sme štandardne využívaný dotazník na stanovenie miery syndrómu vyhorenia Maslach Burnout Inventory, ktorý on-line formou mohli vypĺňať sestry a pôrodné asistentky zaregistrované v Slovenskej komore sestier a pôrodných asistentiek. Vzorku tvorilo 844 sestier a pôrodných asistentiek. Výsledky: Hlbšou analýzou sa potvrdil štatisticky významný vzťah medzi mierou syndrómu vyhorenia a dĺžkou praxe. Sestry a pôrodné asistentky pracujúce v období od 1–3 rokov a od 5 rokov majú signifi kantne vyšší výskyt syndrómu vyhorenia. Závery: Zistené výsledky môžu uplatniť najmä zamestnávatelia v oblasti prevencie syndrómu vyhorenia., Aim: The aim of this study was to explore whether the length of employment aff ects the rate of burnout syndrome in nurses and midwives. Methods: In our research, we employed the standardized Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire, which was completed on-line by nurses and midwives registered in the Slovakian Guild of Nurses and Midwives. The sample consisted of 844 nurses and midwives registered by the Slovakian Guild of Nurses and Midwives. Results: Our results suggest signifi cant relation between the employment length and burnout syndrome. Nurses and midwives working from 1 to 3 years and more than 5 years had signifi cantly higher prevalence of burnout syndrome. Conclusion: The results of our study could be utilized by employers in the fi eld of prevention of burnout syndrome., Lucia Dimunová, Iveta Nagyová, and Literatura 18