Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of nontraumatic neurological disability in Europe and North America. Growth factor expression could participate in the repair process of the demyelinating disease. Among growth factors, brain derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) has been demonstrated to play an important role in neuronal and axonal survival. In the central nervous system (CNS ), neurons are the main source of BDNF. Another potential source are activated astrocytes, which are present in inflamed areas in the CNS as shown in MS. In this study, total protein concentration (TPC) and BDNF levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CS F) samples from the patients with MS (n = 48) and control subjects (n = 53) were measured using a Bio-Rad protein assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No significant change in the CS F TPC of patients with MS was seen as compared to normal CS F. The presence of BDNF in the CS F samples was shown by Western blot. Using ELISA , it was shown that the level of BDNF in the MS CS F is higher than in normal CS F. It is concluded that BDNF is a constant component of human CS F. Moreover, it could be implicated in the pathophysiology of MS., Farhad Mashayekhi, Zivar Salehi, Hamid Reza Jamalzadeh, and Literatura 27
In this paper we describe the influence of NU7026, a specific inhibitor of DNA -dependent protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and AT M-kinase on molecular and cellular mechanisms triggered by ionising irradiation in human T-lymphocyte leukaemic MOLT -4 cells. We studied the effect of this inhibitor (10 μM) combined with gammaradiation (1 Gy) leading to DNA damage response and induction of apoptosis. We used methods for apoptosis assessment (cell viability count and flow-cytometric analysis) and cell cycle analysis (DNA content measurement) and we detected expression and post-translational modifications (Western blotting) of proteins involved in DNA repair signalling pathways. Pre-treatment with NU7026 resulted into decreased activation of checkpoint kinase-2 (Thr68), p53 (Ser15 and Ser392), and histone H2A.X (Ser139) 2 hours after irradiation. Subsequently, combination of radiation and inhibitor led to decreased amount of cells in G2-phase arrest and into increased apoptosis after 72 hours. Our results indicate that in leukaemic cells the pre-incubation with inhibitor NU7026 followed by low doses of ionising radiation results in radio-sensitising of MOLT -4 cells via diminished DNA repair and delayed but pronounced apoptosis. This novel approach might offer new strategies in combined treatment of leukaemia diseases., Aleš Tichý, Eva Novotná, Kamila Ďurišová, Barbora Šalovská, Radka Sedlaříková, Jaroslav Pejchal, Lenka Zárybnická, Jiřina Vávrová, Zuzana Šinkorová, Martina Řezáčová, and Literatura 42
Cíl. Nové typy portkatétrů umožňují podávání kontrastních látek velkými rychlostmi až 5 ml/s. Cílem práce bylo zhodnocení přínosu vysokotlakých portkatétrů, tzv. power portů pro pacienty a jejich využívání v klinické praxi. Materiál a metodika. V období 7 měsíců bylo u 54 nemocných na dvou pracovištích implantováno 54 power port systémů umožňujících vysokorychlostní podání kontrastní látky. Tito pacienti byli prospektivně sledováni. Jednalo se o skupinu 33 žen a 21 mužů průměrného věku 52,6 let (22-74 let). Zavádění probíhalo na pracovišti intervenční radiologie s použitím ultrazvukové a skiaskopické navigace. Po výkonu bylo dotazníkovou metodou a telefonickým pohovorem zjišťováno využití portu při podání jódové kontrastní látky u CT vyšetření. Výsledky. Primární technická úspěšnost implantace v našem souboru byla 100%. Žádná významná periprocedurální komplikace nebyla zaznamenána. Portkatétr byl extrahován u tří pacientů (5,6 %), jednou pro centrální trombózu a dvakrát pro infekční komplikaci systému. Jeden pacient během sledování zemřel a dalších pět pacientů bylo ztraceno ze sledování. Průměrná doba sledování pacientů byla 138 dní (30-212 dní). V průběhu sledování bylo provedeno 18 kontrastních CT vyšetření u 17 pacientů (34,7 %). Portkatétr byl užit u devíti pacientů k provedení 9 CT vyšetření (52,9%, resp. 50%) a periferní žíla byla kanylovaná u osmi pacientů pro 9 CT vyšetření (47,1 %, resp. 50 %). Během CT vyšetření s užitím portkatétrů nebyla zaznamenána žádná procedurální komplikace. Důvodem, proč nebyla kontrastní látka podána přes portkatétr, byla nezkušenost personálu CT pracovišť s napichováním komůrky portkatétrů. Závěr. Technika radiologicky asistované implantace power portů a konvenčních portů se neliší. Vysokorychlostní podávání kontrastní látky přes portkatétry proběhlo bez komplikací. Procento portkatétrů použitých k podání kontrastní látky je srovnatelné s literárními údaji. Proškolení zdravotnického personálu a informovanost zejména na CT pracovištích by mělo vést k vyššímu využití power portkatétrů., Aim. A new type of portcatheter allows high pressure aplication of contrast agent. We report prospective evaluation of central venous power portcatheters including their clinical benefit. Material and method. We have implat-ed 326 portcatheters during 7 months period (from March to September 2011). This group included 54 patients with power portcatheters (33 women and 21 men with mean age 52.6 years). Procedures were performed in local anesthesia under sonographic and fluoroscopic guidance. Results. Primary technical success was 100% with none procedural complication. Portcatheter had to be removed in 3 patients (5.6%) due to port system infection in two patients and central vein thrombosis in one. One patient died and 5 patients were lost from follow-up. Mean follow-up was 138 days (range 30-212 days). During follow-up, 18 contrast enhaced CT scans were performed in 17 patients (34.7%). Power portcatheter was used in 9 patients for 9 CT scans (52.9%, respectively 50%) and peripheral vein in 8 patients for 9 contrast CT scans (47.1%, respectively 50%). During contrast CT examination, none complication related to the implanted device occurred. Conclusion. The procedure of power portcatheter implantation is the same as for conventional portcatheters. High pressure contrast media injection through the device was feasibile and without complication. Radiological staff education and awareness seems to be important for more frequent power portcatheter utilization for contrast enhaced CT examination., Jan Hájek, Vendelín Chovanec, Antonín Krajina, Ondřej Renc , Jan Raupach, Ladislav Slováček, Ilona Merglová, Petra Hanousková, Martin Pilař, Silvie Kašová, Jana Lerchová, and Literatura 15
We report the case of a 22-year old male, a self-confessed recreational drug user who developed cardiogenic shock because of severe destruction of the aortic valve by rapidly progressive aortic valve endocarditis. The disease progression was acute; in a matter of days, the clinical manifestations were life-threatening necessitating urgent aortic valve replacement surgery. Cultivation revealed Streptococcus viridans as the microbial agent. Subsequent recovery with antibiotic treatment was without complication. This case report shows that immediately performed transoesophageal echocardiography and early consultation with a cardiac surgeon has fundamental importance in diagnosis and management of acute infective endocarditis in haemodynamically instable patients., Malkia S. Swedi, Pudil Radek, Jiří Manďák, and Literatura 17
We present a 73 year old female with intractable pruritus and nonspecific cutaneous rash for a period of 9 months. She had recieved symptomatic therapy with no improvement. A complete examination revealed axillary and abdominal lymphadenopathy. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Hodgkins lymphoma with Langerhans cell histiocytosis. She received 5 cycles of chemotherapy with resolution of pruritus and reduction in axillary and abdominal lymphadenopathy. The patient presented 6 months later with relapse and succumbed to the illness. Simultaneous occurrence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Hodgkins lymphoma may lead to misdiagnosis. The awareness of such an association is important to make an accurate diagnosis and guide appropriate therapy., Afsha A. Topal, Ram H. Malkani, Ganapathi Bhat, Reshma T. Vishnani, and Literatura 17
We studied the relationship of connective tissue state with magnesium and hydroxyproline levels in blood and urine of young women with primary dysmenorrhea. Study showed that in girls with dysmenorrhea and phenomena of connective tissue dysplasia hydroxyproline level in urine was increased which was associated with increased degradation of collagen and decreased level of magnesium in blood serum. This should be noted in differentiated approach to the treatment of dysmenorrhea., Oltinoy Yakubova, and Literatura
Cíl: Studie se zaměřuje na deskripci současného stavu poznání o resilienci rodičů sluchově postižených dětí. Metody: V rámci výzkumného přístupu EBN (Evidence Based Nursing) byl za výzkumnou metodu zvolen systematický přehled (systematic review). Byly sledovány tyto proměnné: místo výzkumu, metoda výzkumu, velikost vzorku, složení vzorku, cíl výzkumu, sledované proměnné, navrhované intervence, ošetřovatelské diagnózy NANDA-International. Výsledky: Z celkového počtu 280 nalezených studií bylo na základě vyřazovacích kritérií vybráno 26 studií kvantitativního charakteru. Bylo zjištěno, že žádná ze studií přímo s konceptem resilience nepracuje ani ve svých deklarovaných cílech ani v rámci zkoumaných proměnných. Závěry: Zdroje resilience bude možno odhalit pouze na základě kvalitativní sekundární analýzy obsahů studovaných textů., Aim: The objective of the research is to identify the state of knowledge about the resilience of parents of hearingimpaired children in relevant researches published up-to-day. Methods: The basic framework of the presented research is evidence-based nursing. The chosen technique is a systematic review. The following variables were monitored: location of the research, the research method, sample size, sample design, the objective of the research, variables, proposed interventions, NANDA-Int. nursing diagnosis. Results: The core sample consisted of 280 articles. On the basis of elimination criteria, most of them were rejected. Twenty six articles with quantitative methods fulfi lled the set criteria and were analysed. It was found that none of the studies works directly with the concept of resilience, neither in its declared objectives nor in the variables. Conclusion: The resources of resilience will be possible to detect on the basis of qualitative secondary analysis of the contents of the studied texts., Ivana Olecká, Kateřina Ivanová, and Literatura 35
V současnosti neexistuje standardní léčba cílená na inhibici HER2 pro pacientky s metastatickým HER2-pozitivním karcinomem prsu po progresi na léčbě trastuzumabem a lapatinibem. V retrospektivních studiích se prokázalo, že trastuzumab si může v této situaci zachovávat terapeutickou aktivitu a být validní léčebnou možností pro pacientky v dobrém celkovém stavu., Currently there are no standard therapeutical options for patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer after progression on trastuzumab and lapatinib. Retrospective studies have indicated promising activity of trastuzumab retreatment in this clinical situation. Trastuzumab may therefore represent a valid treatment option for these patients in good overall condition., Tomáš Büchler, and Literatura 6