We present observational results from which we can determine azimuthal currents flowing across the magnetic field. Simple relations between the vertical current densities and the inclinations of the field are used to separate from each other the field-aligned component and the azimuthal component of current density. For
a relatively isolated flux bundle we obtain a total azimuthal current density of (7.8 ± 3,6)' 10-2 Am-2 and an azimuthal current of
(6,5 ± 3.0)‘ 10^^ A. The density of the Lorentz force acting amounts up to 1,1 -10-3 Nm-3.
We investigated the structure of magnetic field and vertical electric currents in two active regions. Electric currents were calculated from the observations of transverse magnetic field. There exist two systems of vertical electric currents in an active region; a system of local currents and global one. The globál current is about 2.10^^ A. In the leading part of the active region it is directed upward, and in the tail - downward and is plausibly determined by the global rotation of plasma. The flare activity is dosely connected with the value and direction of both local and globál currents: the flares tend to appear in places with upward currents. The sensitivity of Hα„ emission to the sign of current implies that the charged particles accelerated in the upper parts of magnetic loops are responsible for these formations.
Several topologies of electrical machines can be used to meet requirements for application in a hybrid electric vehicle. This paper describes process of an electric motor-generator selection, considering electromagnetic, thermal and basic control design. The requested electrical machine must develop 45 kW in continuous operation at 1300 rpm with field weakening capability up to 2500 rpm. Both radial and axial flux topologies are considered as potential candidates. A family of axial flux machines is represented by a permanent magnet, single stator and two rotor plates topology. An induction machine was included into the selection process, alongside an embedded and inset permanent magnet synchronous machine, all of the radial type machines. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Impaired wakefulness in machine operators poses a danger not only to themselves but often to the public at large as well. While on duty, such persons are expected to be continuously, i.e., without interruption, on the alert. For that purpose, we designed and carried out an experimental model of continuous vigilance monitoring using electroencephalography (EEG) and reaction time measured as the latency of the probanďs reaction to sound stimulus. If constructed, the set together with other logical elements and an alarm systém can be used for an autornatic detection of vigilance and, possibly, also of arousal stimuli in cases of micro-sleep.
Electromechanical system with one degree of freedom in mechanical oscillating part and with other degree in rotation a electrical subsystems is investigated by means of numerical solution of derived equations in dimensionless form. The most important nonlinearities are impacts of the main body on the stiff but deformable stop. Other nonlinear effects are introduced into system by the force transformation from unbalance exciter with limited power into the oscillating subsystem and also by nonlinear magnetic flux in the driving electromotor. Presented numerical simulation was focused on the study of the influence of exciting unbalance level on the time histories of oscillations and on phase trajectories. The various responses were shown and discussed in examples. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The electro-ultrasonic spectroscopy was used as a non-destructive testing method for the magnesium composites evaluation. AC current varying with frequency fE and the ultrasonic signal varying with frequency fU are applied on the conducting sample and a new intermodulation signal on the frequency f m given by the superposition or subtraction of exciting frequencies is measured on the sample. We have measured on intermodulation frequency fm = fE – fU. This method can be used as a diagnostic tool for the quality and reliability assessment. The sample resistance is influenced by the ultrasonic signal. The ultrasonic signal changes the contact area between the conducting grains in the sample structure and then resistance is modulated by the frequency of ultrasonic excitation. The electrical charge and also the electrical current flowing through the sample structure are conserved. In case the contact area between the conducting grains is changing then the current density is changed. This leads to the resistivity change of measured structure. We suppose that for the sample with more defects in the structure the influence of the ultrasonic signal is more pronounced and the resistance change is higher. and Pomocí elektro-ultrazvukové nedestruktivní spektroskopie byl testován vzorek z hořčíkové slitiny. Tato metoda je založena na střídavém elektrickém proudu o frekvenci f e, který prochází vzorkem a ultrazvukovým vlněním o frekvenci f U. Na rozdílové a součtové frekvenci těchto dvou signálů vzniká nový intermodulační signál f m. Velikost tohoto signálu je závislá jak na velikosti budicích signálů, tak na struktuře testovaného materiálu a celkových defektech obsažených ve vzorku. rezistivita materiálu se mění v závislosti na ultrazvukovém vlnění. Ultrazvukový signál mění oblast kontaktu mezi vodivými zrny ve struktuře materiálu s frekvencí ultrazvukového vlnění f U. Tímto se mění proudová hustota ve vzorku, protože elektrický náboj a proud procházející vzorkem jsou konstantní. Předpokládáme, že vzorky, které obsahují více defektů ve své struktuře, budou mít vyšší hodnotu změny odporu než vzorky bez defektů.
One of the significant limiting complications of paclitaxel is
painful peripheral neuropathy during its therapy for several types
of cancers. Our recent study showed that impairment of
Nrf2-antioxidant response element (Nrf2-ARE) and upregulation
of oxidative signals in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of rats with
treatment of paclitaxel result in neuropathic pain. The purpose of
this study was to examine the beneficial role played by
electroacupuncture (EA) in modifying neuropathic pain evoked by
paclitaxel via Nrf2-ARE and oxidative mechanisms. Behavioral
test was performed to determine mechanical and thermal
sensitivity in rats. Western Blot analysis and ELISA were used to
examine expression of Nrf2-ARE and superoxide dismutases
(SOD); and the levels of products of oxidative stress in the DRG.
Our data showed that paclitaxel increased mechanical and
thermal sensitivity and this was accompanied with impaired
Nrf2-ARE and SOD in the DRG and amplified products of
oxidative stress (i.e. 8-isoprostaglandin F2α and 8-hydroxy-2’-
deoxyguanosine). EA treatment largely restored the levels of
Nrf2-ARE/SOD and inhibited products of oxidative stress and
thereby attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity
induced by paclitaxel. In conclusion, we revealed specific
signaling pathways leading to paclitaxel-evoked neuropathic pain,
including impairment of Nrf2-ARE and heightened oxidative
signals. We further provided evidence for the role of EA in
alleviating paclitaxel-neuropathic pain via these molecular
mediators.
An increased risk of myocardial ischemic changes was demonstrated in patients suffering from panic disorder (PD). Using classical ECG methods, this risk cannot be evaluated in most patients. We measured the vectocardiogram (VCG) using Frank orthogonal leads and body surface maps (BSM) including 12-lead ECG. In our study of 11 PD patients (2 men, 9 women), without any seizures and pharmacological treatment and without cardiovascular symptoms, we found marked sinus tachycardia (heart rate 90.1±12.2 min-1) and a shorter R-R interval (678±93.6 ms) than in 27 controls (heart rate 73.6±7.7min-1, R-R 822.7±86.4 ms) (5 men, 22 women) (p<0.001). The VCG measured spatial QRS-STT angle was more opened (70.3±24.5°) than in the control group (49.5±19.5°) (p<0.05). The maximum (extremum) in depolarization (DIAM max 30, 40) and repolarization (RIAM max 35) of body surface isoarea and isointegral (RIIM max) maps was less positive (p<0.001) and the minimum (DIAM min 40) was less negative than in the controls (p<0.05) even in the period free of a panic attack. Our results showed the changes in the heart electric field parameters occurred in PD patients when compared to the control group., K. Pišvejcová, I. Paclt, J. Slavíček, O. Kittnar, A. Dohnalová, E. Kitzlerová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been known for many years to be associated with poor cardiovascular prognosis. Due to the sensitive neuropathy, the coronary artery disease in diabetic patients is frequently asymptomatic. Also twelve leads resting ECG can be within normal limits even in an advanced stage of coronary artery disease. Therefore in addition to the standard ECG other electrocardiographic procedures started to be studied in order to find some typical signs of myocardial damages caused by DM. Repeatedly reported results showed in DM patients without cardiovascular complications the tachycardia, shortening of the QRS and QT intervals, increase of the dispersion of QT interval, decreased amplitudes of depolarization waves, shortened activation time of ventricular myocardium and a flattening of T waves confirmed by the lower value of maximum and minimum in repolarization body surface isopotential maps. Most of these changes are even more pronounced in patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Comparison with similar ECG changes in other diseases suggests that the electrocardiographic changes in DM patients are not specific and that they are particularly caused by an increased tone of the sympathetic nervous system what was indirectly confirmed by the heart rate variability findings in these patients., O. Kittnar., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Tricyclic antidepressant drugs dosulepine (TCA), serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and prophylactic agent with antidepressant effect lithium carbonicum (Li) have different cardiovascular side-effects. We compared them in the prophylactic therapy of periodic affective disorder in remission with TCA, SSRI and Li. Our previous papers confirmed the most prominent effects of heart electric field parameters in TCA patients (Slavíček et al. 1998). In the present work we studied for the first time the dose-dependent changes of ECG, body surface potential maps (BSPM - parameter DIAM 30, 40) in 43 TCA dosulepine, 40 SSRI citalopram and 30 Li outpatients (Hamilton scale: HAMD£10; age 40±5 years; treated for depressive disorders or bipolar disorders). The daily doses of dosulepine were 50-250 mg, citalopram 20-80 mg, Li plasma levels 0.66±0.08 meq/l. The electrocardiogram (ECG), vectorcardiogram (VCG), and BSPM were measured and calculated by the Cardiag 112.1 diagnostic system. The results have shown a relation between the dose of dosulepine and extremum (maximum and minimum) of depolarization isoarea map in dosulepine, but not in citalopram patients. The repolarization BSPM changes were most pronounced in SSRI patients. Lithium in long-term prophylaxy (1-22 years) caused only minimal ECG BSPM changes. The present results correspond with our previous observations., I. Paclt, J. Slavíček, A. Dohnalová, E. Kitzlerová, K. Pišvejcová., and Obsahuje bibliografii