Visual displays play the key-role in almost every human-controlled system. In the process of development of such systems industrial designers need to design legible visual displays in ergonomic sense.
Readability of visual display can be affected by many factors including its position, the size of graphic details and also by visual defects of a man. At recent time it is possible to get some of visual displays properties using a computational modelling. The modelling is applicable, for example, to used font size or to the speed of movable parts of display determination ([3], [8], [9]). But computational models cannot involve all the substantial factors, which have an indispensable effect to the readability of visual displays, especially more complex factors. Position of stimulus created by a visual display on the humane retina affects an ability of recognizing the shape, the colour and the movement, for example. This and similar factors can be taken into account by knowledge modelling, by an expert system. The intersection of these two types of modelling - the computational modelling and the knowledge modelling - can be termed as a hybrid modelling.
This paper is concerned with design of an expert system which is suitable for integration into the hybrid model. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
We have been asked to design and manufacture a wide-field and fast photographic camera for many times in the past. The manufacture of these devices mostly was not realized because the customers finally bought a commercial Newtonian telescope and fitted it by a field corrector. The manufacture of a fast first class camera requires great accuracy and takes a lot of time. That is the main reason why the prices of these devices are very high. The good results can be obtained with the cameras based on the aspherical plates of commercial Schmidt-Cassegrain telescopes. In this paper we publish several designs of optical systems composed of a corrector plate of commercial eight inch Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope and a new mirror part. and V minulosti jsme byli mnohokrát žádáni o návrh a výrobu světelné širokoúhlé fotografické komory. Výroba těchto přístrojů nebyla realizována, protože zákazníci si nakonec koupili komerční Newtonův dalekohled a vybavili jej korektorem pole. Výroba kvalitní světelné komory vyžaduje vysokou přesnost optické a mechanické práce a zabere mnoho času. To je hlavní důvod, proč jsou ceny těchto přístrojů vysoké. Dobré výsledky mohou být získány s komorami založenými na asférických deskách komerčních Schmidtových-Cassegrainových dalekohledů. V této práci publikujeme několik návrhů optických přístrojů s korekční deskou komerčního osmipalcového dalekohledu typu Schmidt-Cassegrain a nově dopočítané zrcadlové části.
The article deals with geodynamical phenomena of marginal parts of sandstone plateaus. The area of interest consists of several partial areas in the Bohemian Paradise natural reserve. These areas rise above terrain as relics of a once uniform sandstone plateau. The current relief developed mainly in the Pleistocene, when the Jizera River carved present day wide valley and the underlying soft clay rocks were uncovered. Thus favorable conditions were created for slow destruction of sandstone plateaus. Here, the slope movements occur up to the present days in the form of landsliding and slow block movements and their epiphenomena. Due to this continuing activity of the slope movements, human settlements and cultural monuments are endangered. Research in this area helps us to clarify the relation between slope movements and other factors, such as the presence of a significant tectonic failure in the vicinity or the influence of the water regime., Ingrid Forczek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This paper describes limestone body situated in the northern part of the Branná group near Vápenná village in Javorník area. The body is confined by two major tectonic zones of this area - Sudetic Marginal Fault on the east and Ramzová overthrust on the south. Detailed tectonic analysis has been performed in two big limestone quarries named quarry I and II. Strikes and dips of fault planes and joints were measured. In the quarry I just one important orientation of the fault planes was found - WE mostly vertical. In the quarry II two main fault plane orientations were observed - vertical NW-SE Sudetic and NE-SW Moravo-Silesian. The senses of movements in the fault planes were determined using the calcite steps mainly as the kinematic indicators. Presence of the kinematic indicators allowed performing of paleostress analysis. Several different tectonic phases were identified and discussed., Lucie Nováková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Recent observations suggest the presence of 20S proteasomes (20S) in the lung epithelial lining fluid. However, the physiological relevance of 20S in the alveolar space and possible contribution to disease processes are unknown. Thus, we evaluated whether extracellular proteasomes could have a pathophysiological role in the injured lung using a rat model of lung contusion (LC). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) were obtained at various time points for up to 168 h after LC or sham procedure. Enzyme activities, ELISA and Western blots indicated enzymatically active 20S, the 19S subunit Rpt5 and ubiquitin in BALF. 20S and ubiquitin increased significantl y after LC, peaked at 24 h and normalized within 168 h. Mg 2+ /ATP-dependent peptidase activities were detectable 6-24 h after LC. BALF after LC also contained ubiquitin-protein-ligase activity. Addition of Mg 2+ /ATP to BALF after LC led to significant proteolysis and could be prevented with epoxomicin and EDTA. These data suggest for the first time that the Mg 2+ /ATP-dependent 26S proteasome complex exists outside the cell, is released into the lung epithelial lining fluid after LC and contribute s to the proteolysis of the bulk of protein in the alveolar space of the injured lung. We infer that proteasome complexes may have a pathophysiological role during lung edema clearance., M. Majetschak, L. T. Sorell, T. Patricelli, D. H. Seitz, M. W. Knöferl., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A total of 150 nymphal Ixodes ricinus (L., 1758) (Acari: Ixodidae) from the Czech Republic were examined for Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Foggie, 1949) Dumler et al., 2001 by PCR using EHR521/747 primers: 22 of 50 pools were positive (minimum prevalence, 14.7%). However, sequencing of the PCR products did not show complete homology with A. phagocytophilum (91%) while the closest relationship (95%) was found to "Candidatus Ehrlichia walkerii". The results indicate a need for care in interpretation of Anaplasma PCR results and for PCR optimization for detecting A. phagocytophilum in ticks.
Neospora caninum Dubey, Carpenter, Speer, Topper et Uggla, 1988 is a protozoan parasite originally reported as a major cause of bovine abortions worldwide. It is documented that the parasite is widely spread among non-carnivorous cervids. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of N. caninum in moose (Alces alces Linnaeus). Blood samples collected in 2010 and 2012 in the northeastern Poland were tested for antibodies to N. caninum by agglutination test (NAT), a commercial competitive screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Sera that gave a positive result were further investigated by western blot (WB) analysis to verify the presence of antibodies. Antibodies to N. caninum were detected in one of seven moose. The antibody titer was confirmed by NAT (1 : 1280), cELISA (I = 91%) and ELISA (OD = 0.736). The main immunodominant antigens detected by WB were 120, 70, 55, 35 and 16 kDa proteins. This is the first evidence of N. caninum seropositivity in moose living in a natural environment in Europe.
Antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECA) have been detected by flow cytometry analysis in 23 out of 80 patients with connective tissue diseases. Ten out of 19 serum samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were positive. These antibodies were not detectable in healthy donors. We examined the capacity of serum samples to induce endothelial cell activation by modulating cell adhesion molecule expression on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We found that sera from both AECA-positive and AECA-negative patient groups induced a significantly higher expression of E-selectin compared to healthy controls (P<0.05). There were no differences in the ICAM-1 on VCAM-1 expression. Our data suggest that increased E-selectin expression in activated endothelium in patients with various connective tissue disorders is not related to the production of AECA., M. Horváthová, E. Jahnová, Š. Nyulassy., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Based on the analysis performed in the Kura geomorphological sub-region of the Caspian coastal zone, it was determined that the sea level rise of 2.43 m in 1976-1996 caused an average annual rate of erosion processes about 75 times higher than accumulation processes. In 1996-2019, the stabilization and the following drop of the sea level of 1.39 m led to an average annual rate of accumulation processes up to 14 times higher than the average annual rate of erosion processes. This pattern is observed along the entire coastline of those periods. Erosion processes in the initial stage (1976-1996) increased the indentation and length of the coastline by almost 2 times, and in the next stage (1996-2019) the intensification of accumulation processes resulted in the smoothing and reduction of the coastline by 35 %. Statistical analysis of coastlines was carried out by processing Landsat satellite images for 1976-2019; each coastline was divided into 14 segments according to geomorphological zones and their morphostructures in the study area. The development forecast for the next 10 and 20 years is provided., Jeyhun Yashar oglu Gasimov., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We have surveyed the Earth's surface using gravity anomalies and second-order radial derivatives of the disturbing gravitational potential computed from the gravitational model EGM2008 complete to degree and order 2159 (for selected degrees up to 2190). It corresponds to 5 arcmin resolution on the ground. Over most well known impact crater sites on the Earth we found the second-order derivatives (not available from ordinary gravity surveys) offered finer discrimination of circular features than the gravity anomalies themselves. We also discovered that some of the sites show evidence of double or multiple craters which will need further ground verification. Some of these signatures (in hilly or mountainous terrain) may also need to be corrected for the gravitational effect of topography to sharpen their hidden features., Jaroslav Klokočník, Jan Kostelecký, Pavel Novák and Carl A. Wagner., and Obsahuje bibliografii