The study focuses on the compatriot community in Ukraine, particularly on the Crimea peninsula. In the introduction, attention is paid to the history of settlement of southern Ukraine by the Czech ethnic group in the 1860s. The reasons which made several hundreds of people leave their home region, their mother country, the initial problems they had to deal with in the new land, adaptation to the new living conditions, etc. are further discussed. Apart from the past, this essay also covers the present situation. This is the period when the former Czech villages have become multinational, while the Czechs do not form the majority population in any of them as they used to in the past. In spite of the gradual irrepressible process of assimilation, the Czech Republic tries to help its compatriots. This concerns above all the funding of reconstruction of associational buildings, purchase of their equipment, assistance with organizing compatriot meetings and so on. the main emphasis is, however, on the field of education, especially on Czech language retention.
A major reform in the reign of Joseph II was the establishment in 1786 of the provincial building directorates, through which the court aimed to regulate all public building works in the monarchy. Although the original aim of unifying building regulations throughout the realm was never achieved, the reform was a success and remained in force, with a few minor amendments, until the revolutionary year of 1848. One reason for its success was the elite corps of civil engineers who staffed these institutions. This study looks at advances in technical education, especially engineering, in the Habsburg monarchy from the beginning of the 18th century and the emergence of the Collegia Nobilia, or elite colleges, where graduates were prepared for a career in the Imperial Army. Besides military architecture, the colleges also taught the fundamentals of civil engineering, turning out some of the best‐trained creators of early modern architecture. The development and nature of this elite engineering training is examined with reference to the engineering academies of Prague, Vienna and Olomouc. In all three cases we stress the colleges’ status within the state framework, and their evolution in the light of changing official doctrine and methods of instruction. In all three cases it is clear that during the latter half of the 18th century the original ‘aristocratic’ colleges began to decline and were slowly replaced by similar state‐controlled establishments. As a first step, the court of Joseph II introduced a specialized course in practical architecture at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. From around 1800 this model was gradually superseded by the progressive French‐style polytechnic, a modified version of which remains the standard model for technical education to this day., Michal Konečný., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The Institute of Ethnology of the Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague
The institute responded to the political and social changes in 1990s. It follows the modern European and world directions in research activities. Several foreign lecturers (Yale, the Northern Arizona University, the University o Basel) as well as the prominent specialists from the Academy of Sciences and the Náprstek Museum started to participate in the teaching programme. - The aim of the new curriculum is the theoretical and practical preparation for the master´s (in future also bachelor´s). The students gain knowledge of the cultural areas and the ability to work and act in various ethnic and cultural environments. The study consists of two cycles, the second of which is specialized. - The institute is devided into three seminars (general ethnology, European and Czech ethnology, and folklore studies). - Talented students can take part in research felowships abroad. The graduates gain ground as scienific and specialized researchers, in cultural facilities, museums, state bureaucracy, media and in humanity organizations. In present, the institute has for about 150 students, 20 new students are accepted every year. Besides the internal study, combined study is organized in some years.The post-graduate study includes several special courses, the final examination and the viva voce. Post-graduates are methodically tead by supervisors. - The research activities are aimed mainly at the ethnic and athno-cultural problems in Czech lands and in Europe. The institute cooperates with several European institutions. It is also specialized in the Hispanic and American studies, as well theoretical and trans-cultural studies. - The institute publishes the collections of papers Studia Ethnographica. - The director of the institute is doc. František Vrhel, CSc., The Institute of European Ethnography and Ethnology, the Philosophical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno
Seminář pro etnologii a etnografii/Seminar of Ethnography and Ethnology at the Philosophical Faculty of Masaryk University was founded by Professor A. Václavík (1891-1951) in 1946. The formerly independent department changed as well as its name. Since 1964 it was Katedra etnografie a folkloristiky/The Department of Ethnography and Folklore Studies. After 1968 it was a part of historical departments and on 1.1.1991 it regained independence. Now it is called Ústav evropské etnologie/The Institute of European Ethnology. The institute provides five-year MA stude programme with combination of a second subject. There is also a three-year internal and five-year external Ph.D. study programme. The lectures and seminars are complemented by other educative activities. Every year since 1992 has been arranging visits to the regions of the Czech Republic or countries mostly of southern or western Europe. Some of these travels were thematic, e.g. Rhetoromans´ foosteps, Semana santa in Spain, Almatrieb in Alps. All these travels are documented on the videotape and slides, so that this material can be used for teaching purposes later. The departmental library serves for studens as well for teachers. It contains more than 13,000 volumes of the basic ethnographical literature. The outcomes of the student and teacher research can be found in the departmental archives. The scholars of he department took part in the Národopisná encyklopedie Čech, Moravy a Slezska/ Ethnographic Encyclopaedia of Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia. The second important work is Vlastivěda moravská/The History and Geography of Moravia, volume 10 Lidová kultura na Moravě/The Folk Culture in Moravia.(2000). The head of the department is Professor PhDr. Richard Jeřábek, DrSc., The Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology of the Faculty of Humanities, Plzeň
The department belongs to the newest university departments in the Czech Republic. It originally worked as a part of the Centre of Humanities of the Faculty of Law of the West-Bohemian University. Since 1997 it is a part of the Faculty of Humanities. - This pedagogical and research institution organizes a three-years bachelor course and a continuing two-year master course. The curriculum is based on the credit system and it is complementary with the offer of other university programmes. A part of the department is formed by the seminar of physical anthropology and of the anthropology of the Near East. Social anthropology is understood as a bio-social discipline, inspired especially by the Anglo-American approach. The department cooperates with several scientific institutions both in the Czech Republic and abroad. The research activities are aimed at the problems of rural and urban communities, multiculturalism, applied social anthropology, museum studies, and some topics of religious studies and symbolical anthropology. - The department director is RNDr. Ivo Budil, Ph.D., and Anglické abstrakty s šiframi (št) - abstrakt 1 a 3 a (lv) - abstrakt 2 jsou uvedeny na str. 193-195.
Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a survey method used to create samples of populations that are hidden and hard to reach. Even though the method has been used since the 1990s in studies internationally, it has not yet been used in Czech research. The RDS methodology tends to be described presented as a statistical tool that makes it possible to produce unbiased estimates of hidden or hard-to-reach populations, and at the same as a tool with which to effectively recruit respondents from the given populations. The goal of the article is to introduce RDS methodology and its uses and to present and assess its application in a homeless survey conducted in two Czech cities – Prague (N=322) and Pilsen (N=146). We show that as long as certain preconditions are met the method proves to be fact and effective, especially with respect to the speed at which it is possible to sample the homeless population. We compare the outcome of the RDS survey with that of a survey of the homeless population in Prague (2010) and assess whether and how the outcomes of the two samples differ in certain population characteristics. Finally, we offer practical suggestions and observations on using the RDS method for sampling homeless populations.