This paper shows possibilities of micromachining by pulse electron beam for creation of fine holes into quartz glass. The influence of different parameters of electron beam (such as beam current, focus, pulse duration) is demonstrated. Accelerating voltage of 50 kV, beam current of 0.1 - 1 mA and pulse duration of 15 - 150 ms was applied. Diameter of created holes ranged from 101 μm to 100 mm on incident side and from 100 to 101 μm on the opposite side (disc thickness 0.7 mm).
The year of 2019 will enter history as a relatively sharp end of the West’s attempt to globalize the world. Nevertheless, the endeavor to connect the mankind into one big society linked by mutual communication, information, economic, cultural and ecological bonds has not come to an end; it is just that the democracy of the West will no longer be employed to achieve that. The other civilization circles have not accepted it yet and to ''civilize'' others they will make use of their power approaches that are not only of a social character but also of a physical one. The most developed concept is the A2/AD (Anti Access/Area Denial) zones establishing focused also on the Western countries including the Czech Republic. It is being developed mainly by the Russian Federation and China.
The contribution is devoted to short view on programmes related to the optics and educated by members of Institute of Physics, VSBTechnical University of Ostrava. The second part describes the selected activities of optics and nanostructures research team. and Příspěvek je věnován stručnému pohledu na výuku optických disciplín, které jsou garantovány Institutem fyziky VŠB-TU Ostrava. Druhá část specifikuje vybrané vědecko-výzkumné aktivity odborné skupiny optiky a nanostruktur.
A major reform in the reign of Joseph II was the establishment in 1786 of the provincial building directorates, through which the court aimed to regulate all public building works in the monarchy. Although the original aim of unifying building regulations throughout the realm was never achieved, the reform was a success and remained in force, with a few minor amendments, until the revolutionary year of 1848. One reason for its success was the elite corps of civil engineers who staffed these institutions. This study looks at advances in technical education, especially engineering, in the Habsburg monarchy from the beginning of the 18th century and the emergence of the Collegia Nobilia, or elite colleges, where graduates were prepared for a career in the Imperial Army. Besides military architecture, the colleges also taught the fundamentals of civil engineering, turning out some of the best‐trained creators of early modern architecture. The development and nature of this elite engineering training is examined with reference to the engineering academies of Prague, Vienna and Olomouc. In all three cases we stress the colleges’ status within the state framework, and their evolution in the light of changing official doctrine and methods of instruction. In all three cases it is clear that during the latter half of the 18th century the original ‘aristocratic’ colleges began to decline and were slowly replaced by similar state‐controlled establishments. As a first step, the court of Joseph II introduced a specialized course in practical architecture at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts. From around 1800 this model was gradually superseded by the progressive French‐style polytechnic, a modified version of which remains the standard model for technical education to this day., Michal Konečný., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy