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32852. Who is likely to be rementioned? An experimental study of implicit causality bias in Croatian
- Creator:
- Košutar, Sara and Matić Škorić, Ana
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- implicit causality verbs, semantic structure account, verb taxonomy, and Croatian
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Implicit causality (IC) verbs influence the pronoun ambiguity resolution by directing the speakers’ (readers’ or listeners’) attention to the referent that is likely to be the cause of the event or state. Although IC bias is considered universal, there are cross-linguistic differences in its direction and strength. Previous studies have attempted to build large datasets of IC verbs, but very few Slavic languages have been investigated. In this experimental study, we examined the direction and strength of IC bias in Croatian, an understudied Slavic language in this regard, and compared it with IC bias observed in English. After selecting 137 verbs and classifying them according to thematic roles (agent-patient, agent-evocator, stimulus-experiencer, experiencer-stimulus), 86 participants were asked to complete sentence fragments containing these verbs. The study was conducted under the semantic structure account. Our results show that most Croatian verbs followed the predicted direction, which is consistent with findings suggesting that the direction of IC bias is relatively generalizable across languages. We also detected cross-linguistic variability in the strength of IC bias, especially in stimulus-experiencer verbs. This is consistent with studies showing that the strength of IC bias can vary across languages. Implications for theoretical and methodological approaches are discussed. and Implicitnouzročni glagoli utječu na razdvosmislenje upućivanja zamjenicom usmjeravajući govornikovu (čitateljevu ili slušateljevu) pozornost na referent koji je vjerojatniji uzrok događaja ili stanja. Iako se implicitnouzročna pristranost smatra univerzalnom, pronađene su međujezične razlike u smjeru i jačini glagolske pristranosti. U prijašnjim se istraživanjima težilo stvaranju velikih baza implicitnouzročnih glagola, no ta je jezična pojava nedovoljno istražena u slavenskim jezicima. Cilj ovoga eksperimentalnoga istraživanja bio je ispitati smjer i jačinu pristranosti implicitnouzročnih glagola u hrvatskome, koji je slavenski jezik i u kojem je ta pojava slabo istražena, te dobivene podatke usporediti s podatcima u engleskom jeziku. Izabrano je 137 glagola koji su razvrstani prema semantičkim ulogama (agens – pacijens, agens – pobuđivač, poticajnik – doživljavač, doživljavač – poticajnik). Ukupno je 86 sudionika dovršavalo rečenice s tim glagolima. Istraživanje je provedeno u okviru pristupa značenjske strukture. Rezultati pokazuju da većina hrvatskih glagola pokazuje predviđeni smjer pristranosti, što je u skladu s istraživanjima koja upućuju na to da je smjer implicitnouzročne pristranosti sličan u različitim jezicima. S druge strane, pronađene su međujezične razlike u snazi glagolske pristranosti, ponajprije u kategoriji poticajnik – doživljavač. Taj je rezultat u skladu s istraživanjima koja pokazuju da se jačina implicitnouzročne pristranosti može razlikovati među jezicima. U radu se raspravlja o teorijskim i metodološkim implikacijama.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
32853. Who is the woman who becomes a person?
- Creator:
- Dubská, Irena
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
32854. Whoever has will be given more: child endowment and human capital investment
- Creator:
- Borga, Liyousew Gebremedhin and Pidkuyko, Myroslav
- Publisher:
- CERGE-EI
- Format:
- electronic, bez média, svazek, and 41 stran : tabulky.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Ekonomie, vzdělávání, vzdělanostní nerovnosti, sourozenci, lidský kapitál, matematické modelování, education, educational inequalities, siblings, human capital, mathematical modeling, 37.0, 37.014.53, 316.356.2-055.71, 331.108.23, 519.673, (048.8), 4, and 33
- Language:
- English and Czech
- Description:
- Liyousew G. Borga, Myroslav Pidkuyko., Obsahuje bibliografii, and České a anglické resumé
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
32855. Whole exome sequencing analysis of ABCC8 and ABCD2 genes associating with clinical course of breast carcinoma
- Creator:
- Soucek, P., Hlavac, V., Elsnerova, K., Radka Václavíková, Kozevnikovova, R., and Raus, K.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, rakovina prsu, maligní nádorová onemocnění, sekvenování nové generace, terapie, breast cancer, cancer, pain therapy, next generation sequencing, ABC transporter, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim of the present study was to introduce methods for exome sequencing of two ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCC8 and ABCD2 recently suggested to play a putative role in breast cancer progression and prognosis of patients. We performed next generation sequencing targeted at analysis of all exons in ABCC8 and ABCD2 genes and surrounding noncoding sequences in blood DNA samples from 24 patients with breast cancer. The revealed alterations were characterized by in silico tools. We then compared the most frequent functionally relevant polymorphism rs757110 in ABCC8 with clinical data of patients. In total, the study identified 113 genetic alterations (>70 % novel ones) in both genes. Of these alterations, 83 were noncoding, 13 synonymous, 10 frameshifts and 7 were missense alterations. Four in silico programs predicted pathogenicity of two polymorphisms and four newly identified alterations. Rs757110 polymorphism in ABCC8 did not significantly associate with clinical data of the patients. In conclusion, exome sequencing identified several functionally relevant alterations in ABCC8 and ABCD2 genes that may further be used for a larger follow-up study aiming to assess their clinical significance., P. Soucek, V. Hlavac, K. Elsnerova, R. Vaclavikova, R. Kozevnikovova, K. Raus., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
32856. Whole leaf thermoluminescence emission in Pisum sativum L.: influence of leaflet age
- Creator:
- Roman, M.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- "afterglow" emission, pea, and photosystem 2
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The thermoluminescence signals from leaflets of the same pea plant varied gradually according to their developmental stage. The AG emission, due to a back flow of electrons towards photosystem 2 (PS2) along a cyclic/chlororespiratory pathway, was stronger in mature leaves than in the growing ones. These age-related variations could be explained by a higher capacity of cyclic electron flow in mature leaves.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
32857. Whosestory is it? - Postmodernism, history and "historiographic metafiction" in the context of Taiwanese literature
- Creator:
- Benešová, Jana
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Taiwan, postmodernism, postcolonialism, and contemporary Taiwanese fiction
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The commonly encountered account ot the postmodern (including postmodernist cultural practices) is the one based on (or very similar to) Fredric Jameson´s view of postmodernism as representing the logic of late capitalism and being defined by the issues of surface, pastiche and paranoia. This also includes Jameson´s criticism of postmodernism´s supposed ahistoricity (or belief that when it uses history, it does so in a naive and sentimentally nostalgic way). Such is also the prevalent definition of the postmodern in Taiwan, most recently adopted, for example, in Liu Liangya´s new publication, Postmodernism and Postcolonisalism: Taiwanese Fiction since 1987. Offering an alternative view, this article deploys Linda Hutcheon´s project of "problematics" of postmodernism to argue that as opposed to the more or less dualistic view of postnodern vs. postcolonial tencencies in contemporary Taiwanese fiction (especially as regards postmodernism´s relation to history) it is also possible to describe the constant revisiting of the past in numerous novels by different authors in post-martial-law Taiwan in terms of Hutcheon´s "postmodern historiographic metafiction". This thesis is further demonstrated by means of an analysis of a short story by Lai Xiangyin.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
32858. Why Contradictions?: a belated manifesto
- Creator:
- Feinberg, Joseph Grim
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- post-communism, Central and Eastern Europe, Communist history, and history of ideas
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- In the following essay-manifesto, Contradictions editor Joseph Grim Feinberg lays out his view of the journal as a platform for confronting the central contradictions of post-communism, working through the problems of Central and Eastern Europe in global context, and seeking the continued contemporary relevance of the history of emancipatory and critical thought. Contradictions, he writes, should enable philosophy and its neighboring fields to engage with this region, at this moment, while telling world history something that no other time or place has told it before.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
32859. Why determinism in physics has no implications for free will
- Creator:
- Esfeld, Michael
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- classical mechanics, determinism, free will, functional reduction, Humeanism, physical laws, quantum mechanics, klasická mechanika, determinismus, svobodná vůle, funkční redukce, Humeanismus, fyzikální zákony, and kvantová mechanika
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- This paper argues for the following three theses: (1) There is a clear reason to prefer physical theories with deterministic dynamical equations: such theories are maximally rich in information and usually also maximally simple. (2) There is a clear way how to introduce probabilities in a deterministic physical theory, namely as answer to the question of what evolution of a specific system we can reasonably expect under ignorance of its exact initial conditions. This procedure works in the same manner for both classical and quantum physics. (3) There is no cogent reason to take the parameters that enter into the (deterministic) dynamical equations of physics to refer to properties of the physical systems. Granting an ontological status to parameters such as mass, charge, wave functions and the like does not lead to a gain in explanation, but only to artificial problems. Against this background, I argue that there is no conflict between determinism in physics and free will (on whatever conception of free will), and, in general, point out the limits of science when it comes to the central metaphysical issues., Tato práce se zabývá následujícími třemi tezemi: (1) Existuje jasný důvod preferovat fyzikální teorie s deterministickými dynamickými rovnicemi: takové teorie jsou maximálně bohaté na informace a obvykle také maximálně jednoduché. (2) Existuje jasná cesta, jak zavést pravděpodobnosti do deterministické fyzikální teorie, a to jako odpověď na otázku, jaký vývoj určitého systému můžeme rozumně očekávat za nevědomosti jeho přesných počátečních podmínek. Tento postup funguje stejně pro klasickou i kvantovou fyziku. (3) Neexistuje žádný přesvědčivý důvod vzít v úvahu parametry, které vstupují do (deterministických) dynamických rovnic fyziky, aby odkazovaly na vlastnosti fyzikálních systémů. Udělení ontologického stavu parametrům, jako je hmotnost, náboj, vlnové funkce a podobně, nevede k zisku ve vysvětlení, ale pouze na umělé problémy. Na tomto pozadí tvrdím, že neexistuje žádný konflikt mezi determinismem ve fyzice a svobodnou vůlí (na jakékoli koncepci svobodné vůle) a obecně poukazuje na hranice vědy, pokud jde o ústřední metafyzické otázky., and Michael Esfeld
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
32860. Why did you really do it? Human reasoning and reasons for action
- Creator:
- Gascón, José Ángel
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- cognitive psychology, engexplanation, justification, motivation, rationalization, and reasons for action
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- During the last decades several studies in cognitive psychology have shown that many of our actions do not depend on the reasons that we adduce afterwards, when we have to account for them. Our decisions seem to be often influenced by normatively or explanatorily irrelevant features of the environment of which we are not aware, and the reasons we offer for those decisions are a posteriori rationalisations. But exactly what reasons has the psychological research uncovered? In philosophy, a distinction has been commonly made between normative and motivating reasons: normative reasons make an action right, whereas motivating reasons explain our behaviour. Recently, Maria Alvarez has argued that, apart from normative (or justifying) reasons, we should further distinguish between motivating and explanatory reasons. We have, then, three kinds of reasons, and it is not clear which of them have been revealed as the real reasons for our actions by the psychological research. The answer we give to this question will have important implications both for the validity of our classifications of reasons and for our understanding of human action.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public