The paper deals with several criteria for the transcendence of infinite products of the form $\prod _{n=1}^\infty {[b_n\alpha ^{a_n}]}/{b_n\alpha ^{a_n}}$ where $\alpha >1$ is a positive algebraic number having a conjugate $\alpha ^*$ such that $\alpha \not =|\alpha ^*|>1$, $\{a_n\}_{n=1}^\infty $ and $\{b_n\}_{n=1}^\infty $ are two sequences of positive integers with some specific conditions. \endgraf The proofs are based on the recent theorem of Corvaja and Zannier which relies on the Subspace Theorem ({P. Corvaja, U. Zannier}: On the rational approximation to the powers of an algebraic number: solution of two problems of Mahler and Mendès France, Acta Math. 193, (2004), 175–191).
In this note we first give a summary that on property of a remainder of a non-locally compact topological group $G$ in a compactification $bG$ makes the remainder and the topological group $G$ all separable and metrizable. If a non-locally compact topological group $G$ has a compactification $bG$ such that the remainder $bG\setminus G$ of $G$ belongs to $\mathcal {P}$, then $G$ and $bG\setminus G$ are separable and metrizable, where $\mathcal {P}$ is a class of spaces which satisfies the following conditions: (1) if $X\in \mathcal {P}$, then every compact subset of the space $X$ is a $G_\delta $-set of $X$; (2) if $X\in \mathcal {P}$ and $X$ is not locally compact, then $X$ is not locally countably compact; (3) if $X\in \mathcal {P}$ and $X$ is a Lindelöf $p$-space, then $X$ is metrizable. Some known conclusions on topological groups and their remainders can be obtained from this conclusion. As a corollary, we have that if a non-locally compact topological group $G$ has a compactification $bG$ such that compact subsets of $bG\setminus G$ are $G_{\delta }$-sets in a uniform way (i.e., $bG\setminus G$ is CSS), then $G$ and $bG\setminus G$ are separable and metrizable spaces. In the last part of this note, we prove that if a non-locally compact topological group $G$ has a compactification $bG$ such that the remainder $bG\setminus G$ has a point-countable weak base and has a dense subset $D$ such that every point of the set $D$ has countable pseudo-character in the remainder $bG\setminus G$ (or the subspace $D$ has countable $\pi $-character), then $G$ and $bG\setminus G$ are both separable and metrizable.
In this note, we show that if for any transitive neighborhood assignment $\phi $ for $X$ there is a point-countable refinement ${\mathcal F}$ such that for any non-closed subset $A$ of $X$ there is some $V\in {\mathcal F}$ such that $|V\cap A|\geq \omega $, then $X$ is transitively $D$. As a corollary, if $X$ is a sequential space and has a point-countable $wcs^*$-network then $X$ is transitively $D$, and hence if $X$ is a Hausdorff $k$-space and has a point-countable $k$-network, then $X$ is transitively $D$. We prove that if $X$ is a countably compact sequential space and has a point-countable $wcs^*$-network, then $X$ is compact. We point out that every discretely Lindelöf space is transitively $D$. Let $(X, \tau )$ be a space and let $(X, {\mathcal T})$ be a butterfly space over $(X, \tau )$. If $(X, \tau )$ is Fréchet and has a point-countable $wcs^*$-network (or is a hereditarily meta-Lindelöf space), then $(X, {\mathcal T})$ is a transitively $D$-space.
Some geometrical methods, the so called Triangular Schemes and Principles, are introduced and investigated for weak congruences of algebras. They are analogues of the corresponding notions for congruences. Particular versions of Triangular Schemes are equivalent to weak congruence modularity and to weak congruence distributivity. For algebras in congruence permutable varieties, stronger properties—Triangular Principles—are equivalent to weak congruence modularity and distributivity.
It is proved in this paper that special generalized ultrametric and special $\mathcal U$ matrices are, in a sense, extremal matrices in the boundary of the set of generalized ultrametric and $ \mathcal U$ matrices, respectively. Moreover, we present a new class of inverse $M$-matrices which generalizes the class of $\mathcal U$ matrices.
We revisit the proof of existence of weak solutions of stochastic differential equations with continuous coeficients. In standard proofs, the coefficients are approximated by more regular ones and it is necessary to prove that: i) the laws of solutions of approximating equations form a tight set of measures on the paths space, ii) its cluster points are laws of solutions of the limit equation. We aim at showing that both steps may be done in a particularly simple and elementary manner.
In this paper we introduce a new class of functions called weakly (µ, λ)-closed functions with the help of generalized topology which was introduced by Á. Császár. Several characterizations and some basic properties of such functions are obtained. The connections between these functions and some other similar types of functions are given. Finally some comparisons between different weakly closed functions are discussed. This weakly (µ, λ)- closed functions enable us to facilitate the formulation of certain unified theories for different weaker forms of closed functions.
We prove that weakly Lindelöf determined Banach spaces are characterized by the existence of a ``full'' projectional generator. Some other results pertaining to this class of Banach spaces are given.
In this investigation, a new algorithm is developed for the updating of a neural network. It is concentrated in a fuzzy transition between the recursive least square and extended Kalman filter algorithms with the purpose to get a bounded gain such that a satisfactory modeling could be maintained. The advised algorithm has the advantage compared with the mentioned methods that it eludes the excessive increasing or decreasing of its gain. The gain of the recommended algorithm is uniformly stable and its convergence is found. The new algorithm is employed for the modeling of two synthetic examples.
There are many problems of groundwater flow in a disrupted rock massifs that should be modelled using numerical models. It can be done via "standard approaches'' such as increase of the permeability of the porous medium to account the fracture system (or double-porosity models), or discrete stochastic fracture network models. Both of these approaches appear to have their constraints and limitations, which make them unsuitable for the large-scale long-time hydrogeological calculations. In the article, a new approach to the modelling of groudwater flow in fractured porous medium, which combines the above-mentioned models, is described. This article presents the mathematical formulation and demonstration of numerical results obtained by this new approach. The approach considers three substantial types of objects within a structure of modelled massif important for the groudwater flow - small stochastic fractures, large deterministic fractures, and lines of intersection of the large fractures. The systems of stochastic fractures are represented by blocks of porous medium with suitably set hydraulic conductivity. The large fractures are represented as polygons placed in 3D space and their intersections are represented by lines. Thus flow in 3D porous medium, flow in 2D and 1D fracture systems, and communication among these three systems are modelled together.