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13. Portugalská expanze na rozcestí: Indie, nebo Maroko? (1500-1542)

Creator:
Staněk, Karel
Format:
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Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie kultury. Kulturní život, 16. století, obchody, novověk, retail stores, modern history, Portugalsko, Portugal, 1, and 316.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
The creation of the Portuguese overseas empire began after 1415 in the Atlantic area and gradually transformed itself into a multi-continental phenomenon. Around 1500, there was a period of particular expansion into Asia and Morocco, with a further consolidation of their position in Africa and Brazi. Although the king had tried to isolate the state from contemporary European events and had been engaged exclusively in activities on the world stage, the rather small and sparsely populated country began to run out of steam. The result was the enforced renunciation of her interests in North Africa (1542-1550), which had previously attracted more of the Crown's interest that the Orient. However, thereafter, the privileged position of the East in the Portuguese empire was never questioned, at least not at the ideological level., Karel Staněk., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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14. Príčiny arabskej jari v Jemene

Creator:
Kramáreková, Veronika
Format:
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Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie kultury. Kulturní život, arabské revoluce (2011-), revolutions in the Arab world, 2011-, Jemen, Yemen, 1, and 316.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
This paper deals with the causes of the Arab Spring in Yemen. It analyses political causes such as the system of political patronage and both the internal and external conflicts, which have weakened the state at multiple levels. It also discusses the social and economic causes, such as poverty, unemployment and the problems of oil, qat and water. This combination of political and socioeconomic factors, fuelled by the protests in Tunisia and Egypt, created a revolution, which led to the overthrow of the president, Ali Abdullah Saleh, who had ruled Yemen for 33 years., Veronika Kramáreková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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15. Príčiny vzniku libanonskej občianskej vojny v roku 1975

Creator:
Karol R. Sorby
Format:
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Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie kultury. Kulturní život, 20. století, libanonská občanská válka (1975-1990), vnitrostátní ozbrojené konflikty, Lebanese civil war (1975-1990), domestic armed conflicts, Libanon, Lebanon, 1, and 316.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
In the years following the June 1967 War, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict intruded on Lebanese political life. This development, in combination with the demographic and political changes taking place inside Lebanon itself, upset the country's fragile sectarian balance and plunged it into fifteen years of vicious and destructive civil war. The civil war was not an exclusively Lebanese affair; it was precipitated by the Palestinian presence in the country. Support for the Palestinians came primarily from Muslims alienated by the existing system, which benefited the political leaders and their associates but failed to provide basic social services to broad sections of the population. The social and economic grievances of Muslims were compounded by the sectarian arrangements that continued to favour the coutry's Christians., Karol Sorby., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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16. Salafismus a různé výklady Ibn Tajmíji

Creator:
Pavel Ťupek
Format:
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Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie kultury. Kulturní život, salafismus, politické ideologie, islám, Salafiyahh, political ideologies, Islam, 1, and 316.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article deals with different interpretations of Salafism. Salafism is most commonly identified with two periods: the classical medieval Salafism associated with the 14th-century scholar Ibn Taymiyya (d. 1328), and the Salafism of the 18th-century movements of revival and reform. classical Salafism emerged as theologic and juridical movement in Sunni Islam. however, Ibn Taymiyya influenced modern Salafis by two differents ways. Some strictly followed his traditionalist theology based on Koran and hadith literature and - to some extent - even his call for ijtihad, while others were not strictly following his teachings. These later mentioned were not traditionalist (ahl al-hadith) but rather modernists, who inclined deliberately to more racional interpretation. That is why later Salafis, despite their common use of the term Salafi, represented two movements that were in fact very different. nowadays, only traditionalist Salafism is of significance, being part of Globa Islam., Pavel Ťupek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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17. Společenské postavení a občanský aktivismus žen v Íránské islámské republice

Creator:
Martina Ponížilová
Format:
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Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie kultury. Kulturní život, společenské postavení, aktivismus (politika), ženy, social status, activism (politics), women, Írán, Iran, 1, and 316.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article deals with changes in the social status of women, their civil rights and women's activism in iran. The text focuses primarily on the period after the establishment of the Islamic Republic and the implementation of Sharica law. The situation and the rights of women have undergone change in the past three decades in connection with politics and the interests of the Islamist regime. Because of several limitations in relation to the rights of women, Iranian women have sought to influnce public opinion and to change laws through various women's journals and also through their professions. Female politicians have tried to change the system from inside by influencing the laws concerning women's issues and they have stood as candidates in parliamentary elections, even wanting to stand as candidates in presidential elections. The growing activism of Iranian women has been obvious, expecially since the 1990s, and it reached its peak during the post-election protests of June 2009, following the allegedly manipulated presidential elections., Martina Ponížilová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
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19. Vplyv l'udovej literatúry na dielo Tawfíqa al-Hakíma

Creator:
Kobzošová, Katarína
Format:
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Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Sociologie kultury. Kulturní život, Al-Ḥakīm, Tawfīq, 1898-1987, egyptští spisovatelé (arabsky píšící), egyptská literatura (arabsky), populární literatura, Egyptian authors (Arabic), Egyptian literature (Arabic), popular literature, 1, and 316.7
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article deals with the work of a prominent personality from Egypt's cultural and literary community, Tawfiq al-Hakim, who was instrumental in establishing Egyptian drama. he was one of the fist defenders of folk literature and the Thousand and One Nights in Egyptian history, thus playing a crucial role in the incorporation of popular literature into modern pieces of writing. The essay covers al-Hakim's relationship with folk literature from his early childhood to his literary period as an author. Great emphasis in placed on an analysis and literary critique of his most famous play, the Shahrazad, which was inspired by a collection of folk storie. A collaborative novel that he wrote in conjunction with another influential Egyptian writer, Taha Husayn, is also mentioned., Katarína Kobzošová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
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