A salvage excavation carried out in Hlinsko quarry in 2006 yielded a collection of Aurignacian-like artifacts supplemented by a bifacial triangular point. Recently, a refitting attempt documented on-site reduction of a carinated burin-core and shaping/thinning of the bifacial point. Subsequently, a use-wear study supported the homogeneity of the assemblage. The assemblage relates to the Morava-type Aurignacian (B. Klíma) or Míškovice-type Upper Paleolithic industry (M. Oliva) previously known in Moravia for lithic assemblages originating only from surface find spots. At the same time, some similar excavated Upper Paleolithic assemblages combining Aurignacian-like and Szeletian-like features are also known in Eastern Europe., Yuri E. Demidenko, Petr Škrdla, Joseba Rios-Garaizar., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The aim of this paper is to describe 18th century "language criticism" (Sprachkritik) in the Bohemian Lands and underline its role within the process of establishing of the literary criticism. In the Habsburg monarchy, the language criticism can be traced back to the late 1740s; its origins are linked to the southern German sense of cultural (and thus linguistic), political and economical backwardness and to the efforts to catch up with the mostly protestant countries of Central and Northern Germany. The authors of this article examine not only reflections of used language and style in particular works, but also the position, prestige and function of various languages (German, Latin, Czech) themselves. The trends in language criticism and - in the narrower sense - language cultivation are examined with the use of both expert contributions to learned discussions and publicistic articles in critical journals aiming at a larger audience. In the whole process, several moments that meant a significant impulse for language criticism can be observed. The first one would be the appointment of Karl Heinrich Seibt as university professor of Schöne Wissenschaften (belles lettres), rhetoric, historia litteraria and ethics in 1763, followed by the efforts to establish a learned society, Josephine reforms and foundation of a chair of Czech language and literature at Prague university in 1791. Finally, the tightening of censorship from the second half of 1790s on had a considerable influence on criticism; its subject started to change and it began to focus on a different group of intended readers: while it used to try to educate potential future authors, afterwards it concentrated more and more on educating of the "common reader" and engaging him into critical reflections on belles lettres., Václav Petrbok a Ondřej Podavka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Starting with the traditional dichotomy of two views of the relation between criticism and art - "criticism as art" and "criticism based on detachment" - this study seeks to show both standpoints to be part of a single complex of issues and tensions associated with the functional differentiation within literary communication at the turn of 18th and 19th century. This approach is based on Niklas Luhmann’s system theory, applied (with something of a twist) by Siegfried Schmidt to literature. After introducing the problem of functional differentiation within the literary system in Bohemia, the study presents many different historical conceptions of the relation of art and criticism observable in discussions at the turn of 18th and 19th century in Bohemia. I then focus on the notion of "genius" in these discussions, which played an important role in the development of the concept of "criticism as art". In the following three parts, the study investigates the differentiation of critical praxis: the genesis of "artistic criticism" characterized by hermeneutics and its form-reflecting approach, and the ongoing usage of artistic genres in criticism. The last part focuses on a specific critical genre of the period, the satirical vision, and its transformation as a consequence of the differentiation of the literary system., Václav Smyčka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The article provides information on the finding of a previously unknown Czech-language printed book from 1623, the work of the Prague typographer Pavel Sessius and an unknown Czech translator, who used the initials M.W.S. The unique printed book was discovered in the collections of the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek in Vienna. Besides the textual part, comprising quotations from the Bible and short prayers, it includes a title border with the motif of Calvary, inspired by earlier domestic sources, and above all sixteen woodcut copies of selected scenes from the graphic cycle The Small Passion by the German painter and graphic artist Albrecht Dürer. The article describes the typography and illustration aspects of the printed book in detail. The author also tries to identify any foreign models for it., David Mach., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The article deals with the printer and Briefmaler (letter painter) Michael Peterle (1537-1588), who is also considered to be a woodcutter by Czech book scientists. It focuses on his pictorial broadsides and illustrated books and analyses the morphological features of the extant woodcuts. It has reached the conclusion that Peterle’s woodcutting activities cannot be proved. Apart from the art-historical perspective, it brings a number of new facts associated with Peterle’s printing activities: for instance, it documents the financial background of Prague printers in the 1570s and 1580s., Jana Tvrzníková., Obsahuje anglický abstrakt a shrnutí., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Recenzent podrobně komentuje práci dvojice chorvatských autorů (otce a syna), která pětatřicet let po smrti Josipa Broze Tita (1892-1980) jako první jeho životopis plně obstojí před všemi vědeckými nároky. Biografie podle něj imponuje nejen svým rozsahem, ale i komplexností, vyvážeností, faktografickou přesností, přesvědčivostí úsudku a v neposlední řadě čtenářsky velmi přitažlivým podáním. Recenzent vyzvedává širokou znalost a příkladné využívání pramenů, třebaže autoři neprováděli archivní výzkum, důkladnou pozornost věnovanou všem důležitým epizodám Titovy politické kariéry, citlivé vykreslení jeho privátního života a schopnost najít nesamozřejmé hranice mezi osudy a činy dlouholetého jugoslávského vůdce a poválečnými dějinami Jugoslávie, aby zůstal zachován biografický žánr. Respekt si podle jeho mínění většinou zaslouží i názorová nekonformita autorské dvojice, která nejednou směřuje proti většinovým, nacionálně zatíženým výkladům historie v současném Chorvatsku, třebaže jim v dílčích problémech podléhají. Přestože autoři řadu Titových činů a rozhodnutí hodnotí značně kriticky (například represe vůči oponentům po ustavení socialistické Jugoslávie, a zvláště konfliktu se Stalinem), představují jeho osobnost a historickou úlohu v zásadně pozitivním světle. Přisuzují mu rysy státnické velikosti, jako například mimořádnou politickou intuici, odvahu, schopnost sjednocovat etnicky různorodou společnost a vytvořit z ní funkční státní celek. Za vrcholné momenty Titovy dráhy autoři pokládají partyzánskou válku proti německo-italské okupaci a nezávislý politický kurz Jugoslávie navzdory nátlaku Stalina a východního bloku., The author looks in detail at this work by two Croatian authors, father and son, which, published 35 years after his death, is the first biography of Josip Broz Tito (1892-1980) to fully meet all scholarly standards. The biography, according to the reviewer, impresses the reader not only by its considerable lenght, but also by its comprehensiveness, balance, factual precision, convincing judgements, and, last but not least, readability. The reviewer praises the authors´ great knowledge of the topic and their exemplary handling of the sources. Although they did not work in archives, they have paid careful attention to all the important episodes of Tito´s political career, sensitively portraying his private life, and identifying the subtle boundaries between, on the one hand, the life and deeds of the man who held power in Yugoslavia for so many years and, on the other, the post-war history of Yugoslavia, while keeping within the bounds of the biography genre. The authors merit respect, according to the reviewer, for their mostly nonconformist opinions, which are frequently aimed against nationalistically burdened interpretations of the majority in Croatia today, though on some questions they too succumb to them. Although the authors are considerably critical of many of Tito´s actions and decisions (for example, his repression of opponents after the establishment of socialist Yugoslavia and particularly the conflict with Stalin), they present the man and his historiccal role in an essentially positive light. They attribute to him features of great statesmanship, for example, his extraordinary political intuition, mettle, and ability to unite an ethnically diverse society and make it into a functioning state. The high points of Tito´s career, according to the authors, were the partisan war against the German-Italian occupation and the independent political course for Yugoslavia in the face of pressure from Stalin and the Eastern bloc., [autor recenze] Jan Pelikán., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy