Saline soils spread wildly in the world, therefore it is important to develop salt-tolerant crops. We carried out a pot study in order to determine effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus versiforme) in black locust seedlings under salt (NaCl) stress. The results showed that AMF enhanced in seedlings their growth, photosynthetic ability, carbon content, and calorific value. Under salt stress, the biomass of the seedlings with R. irregularis or G. versiforme were greater by 151 and 100%, respectively, while a leaf area increased by 197 and 151%, respectively. The seedlings colonized by R. irregularis exhibited a higher chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ concentration, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate than that of the nonmycorrhizal seedlings or those colonized by G. versiforme. Both R. irregularis and G. versiforme significantly enhanced a carbon content, calorific value, carbon, and energy accumulations of black locust under conditions of 0 or 1.5 g(NaCl) kg-1(growth substrate). Our results suggested that AMF alleviated salt stress and improved the growth of black locust., X. Q. Zhu, M. Tang, H. Q. Zhang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In this study, we hypothesized that colonization of olive trees (Olea europaea L.) with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis could modify the profiles of rhizosphere microbial communities with subsequent effects on nutrient uptake that directly affects olive tree physiology and performance. In this context, a greenhouse experiment was carried out in order to study the effects of mycorrhizal colonization by R. irregularis on photosynthesis, pigment content, carbohydrate profile, and nutrient uptake in olive tree. After six months of growth, photosynthetic rate in mycorrhizal (M) plants was significantly higher than that of nonmycorrhizal plants. A sugar content analysis showed enhanced concentrations of mannitol, fructose, sucrose, raffinose, and trehalose in M roots. We also observed a significant increase in P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Mn contents in leaves of the M plants. These results are important, since nutrient deficiency often occurs in Mediterranean semiarid ecosystems, where olive trees occupy a major place., M. Tekaya, B. Mechri, N. Mbarki, H. Cheheb, M. Hammami, F. Attia., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The study focuses on the repertory of the literary brotherhood in Roudnice nad Labem. It aims to evaluate a recently discovered inventory of 1591, and attempts to dating two musical manuscripts, currently kept in Roudnice priory (CS-ROU A and CS-ROU B). The first, a fragment of a multivolume gradual was identified as one of the items listed in the above-mentioned inventory. The second, rorate hymn-book with added polyphonic voices – whose pertinence to the repertory of the local literate brotherhood was, however, not possible to prove – contains extended quadriple voice mass with seven parts, which is analysed in detail by the study
This arčcicle present analysis of a teat number of palaeobotanic samples from 13 historic plots, archaeologiccally excavated 1983 - 1992 in the town of Brno. On this outstandingly large archaeobtanic material changes of the pectrum of plant remains were reviewed for the high medieval ages (and Postmedieval period). For the first time in the Czech Republic this large number of sampled featrues (mainly cesspits) enabled to conclusively monitor the vaying importance of certain utility plant species during a long time span. Also changes in accompaying weed vegetation, icnicating the origins and agrotechniques of cultivated plants were observed. Spectrum of the local synanthrope vegetation fefelct improving hygienic situation within the inbuilt area of Brno town. Timbre/charcoal analysis consclusively refelcts variable sources of wood/ charcoal for the medieval (Postmedieval) town., Petr Kočár, Romana Kočárová, Emanuel Opravil, Rudolf Procházka., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Archeologická komise byla zřízena jako jedna ze speciálních stálých komisí České akademie věd a umění v roce 1893 z potřeby posílit na zemské úrovni ochranu památek. Její založení konvenovalo se vzrůstajícím zájmem o památky na přelomu 80. a 90. let 19. století. Komise se stala odborným garantem památkové péče i výzkumnou institucí, která ve svých třech sekcích položila základy archeologie, etnografie a dějin umění v Čechách. Z jejího pléna vzešla idea i koncepce neúspěšnějšího vydavatelského projektu celé akademie Soupisu památek historických a uměleckých, dodnes používané uměleckohistorické topografie, která ve více než 50 svazcích podrobně mapuje památkový fond na prakticky polovině území Čech. Autorem této koncepce byla vůdčí osobnost českého dějepisu umění konce 19. století Karel Chytil. Kromě neoddiskutovatelného významu, který měl mít Soupis památek pro jejich ochranu, Chytil a další čeští historici umění té doby (Bohumil Matějka, Karel Boromejský Mádl, František Xaver Borovský i Jan Koula) velmi dobře chápali, že bude také základem jejich systematického výzkumu a tedy klíčovým východiskem dějepisu umění. Inventarizace památek přesně odpovídala snaze tohoto oboru, podobně jako dalších humanitních disciplín v dané době, ''zvědečtit'' své metody, přestat být ''psaním o umění'' a vydobýt si postavení skutečné vědy. V závěru 19. století, ale ještě i na počátku století nového, byl význam Soupisu viděn také ještě v jedné důležité rovině. Měl se stát inspirací pro tehdejší tvůrčí umělce, pro které byla důkladná znalost domácího umění klíčová při úsilí o vytvoření ''národního'' uměleckého stylu. Můžeme říci, že Komise vytýčila projekt nebývale moderní, plně srovnatelný se soudobými evropskými uměleckohistorickými topografiemi. Současně však, zvláště s ohledem na personální situaci českých dějin umění nesmírně náročný. Přesto se v Archeologické komisi podařilo vytvořit takový kolektiv, který rozjezd projektu zvládl. and The Archeological Committee was set up as one of the special Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts standing commissions in 1893 out of a need to bolster heritage conservation at a provincial level. Its establishment matched the increasing interest in heritage at the end of the 1880s and the 1890s. The committee became the expert supervisor for heritage conservation and a research institute whose three sections established the foundations of archeology, ethnography and the history of art in Bohemia. Its plenum gave rise to the ideas and plan behind the most successful publishing project in the entire academy: the Historical and Artistic Heritage Catalogue, a work of art historical topography used to this day, which in over fifty volumes, maps out in detail the heritage in practically one half of Bohemia. The author of this plan was Karel Chytil, a leading figure in Czech art history at the end of the 19th century. In addition to the undoubted importance that the Heritage Catalogue was to have for conservation, Chytil and other Czech art historians at the time (Bohumil Matějka, Karel Boromejský Mádl, František Xaver Borovský and Jan Koula) understood very well that it would also form the basis for their systematic research and thus a keystone for art history. The inventorization of heritage items precisely mirrored the attempts in this field, as in other humanities disciplines at that time, to ''scientify'' its methods, to cease being ''writing about art'' and to achieve the status of a true science. At the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the new century, the significance of the Catalogue was also seen at another important level. It was meant to be inspiration for creative artists at that time, for whom a thorough knowledge of domestic art was of crucial importance for their efforts to create a ''national'' artistic style. The Committee can be said to have set out a project that was unprecedentedly modern and fully comparable with contemporary European art history topographies, and yet at the same time it was enormously challenging, particularly in view of the personnel situation in the Czech history of art. However, a team that handled the project launch was successfully created in the Archeological Committee.
Together with the National Heritage Institute and 40 other organisations, the Brno and Prague Institutes of archaeology launched a nationwide project offering a series of guided tours for the general public, entitled The Archaeology Summer. Over 3,700 visitors were attracted to almost 250 guided tours at 73 archaeological sites. One of the objectives of this project was to link the discovery of often inconspicuous archaeological remains with the digital information presented by the Institutes at their website www.archeologickyatlas.cz/en. The guided tours covered all historical periods, from the Palaeolithic (obr. 1) to modernity, and the sites included nature preserves, current excavations and museum exhibitions. As expected, those most visited were the famous sites – the early medieval strongholds of Libice nad Cidlinou (obr. 2) and Stará Kouřim, the Palaeolithic settlement of Dolní Věstonice – Pavlov, the Roman fort at Hradisko near Mušov, the Býčí skála (Bull Rock) cave, the Sázava Monastery, the Prague-Vinoř stronghold and the Žuráň burial mound (obr. 3). Some visitors were able to visit two archaeological sites within a single guided tour and view the historical image of the sites using virtual reality.