Článek se zabývá analýzou tří autobiografií osob s autismem přeložených do češtiny – Nikdo nikde (Donna Williams), Život za sklem (Wendy Lawson) a Život s Aspergerovým syndromem: příběh psychoterapie (Christine Preissmann). Popisuje, jak autorky referují o svých specifických příznacích a zájmech, rodinných a partnerských vztazích a kariérách. Analyzuje, jaké strategie zvolily pro boj s autistickým postižením. Dochází k závěru, že lidé s autismem považují za nejtěžší jiné příznaky autismu, než bývá tradičně popisováno v učebnicích a monografiích o autismu. V případě těchto tří autobiografií je subjektivně nejhůře snášeno „smyslové přetížení“ ve vypjatých situacích. and Autobiographies of persons with autism: unknown views on inner experience of autistic handicap
The article analyses three autobiographies of autistic individuals translated into the Czech language – Nobody nowhere (Donna Williams), Life behind glass (Wendy Lawson), and Life with Asperger syndrome: a story of psychotherapy (Christine Preissmann). It shows, how the authors describe their specific symptoms and interests, family and partner relationships and career. The analysis focuses on strategies that were selected by the authors for coping with the autistic handicap. It comes to a conclusion that autistic persons consider different symptoms to be the worst than those conventionally described in textbooks and monographs on autism. In these three autobiographies, sensory overload in stressful situations was estimated from the subjective point of view to be the most unpleasant symptom.
For over 25 years, the International GNSS Service (IGS) has been processing observational data from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs). Hence, long time series of station coordinates are available, however, they are burdened with discontinuities, station velocity changes, and gross errors. Discontinuities and periodic variations are caused by equipment changes at stations, earthquakes, geophysical processes, data problems, as well as local environmental changes. As a result, many approaches have been identified that identify and remove discontinuities in the GNSS coordinate time series. One of them is the program Finding Outliers and Discontinuities In Time Series (FODITS) implemented in the Bernese GNSS Software environment (Dach et al., 2015), developed by the Astronomical Institute, University of Bern. The program is designed for the automatic analysis of time series, in which the functional model is adapted to the time series of coordinates depending on the adopted parameters. This study presents the analysis of long-term GNSS coordinate time series reprocessed in the framework of the realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014 (ITRF2014) using the FODITS program. The results show that the optimum confidence level for the autonomous detection of station discontinuities in FODITS is 99% and 98%, for 7-day and 3-day GNSS solutions, respectively, when compared to the manual discontinuity detection from ITRF2014. However, the manual analysis unsupported by statistical tests as conducted in ITRF2014 may contain errors over which further elaboration is indispensable. On the other hand, routine interpretation of GNSS coordinate time series in a fully autonomous manner, although much faster, is not free from drawbacks, in particular in detecting appropriate epochs of discontinuities and changes in station velocities.