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7812. Epileptic seizure detection using a neural network ensemble method and wavelet transform

Creator:
Ebrahimpour , Reza, Babakhani, Kioumars, Abbaszadeh Arani, Seyed Ali Asghar, and Masoudnia, Saeed
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Epileptic seizure, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, discrete wavelet transform, mixture of experts, and negatively correlated learning
Language:
English
Description:
This paper presents a new method to automate the process of epileptic seizure detection in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals using wavelet transform and an improved version of negative correlation learning (NCL) algorithm. An improved version of NCL is proposed by incorporating the capability of gating network, as a dynamic combining part of the mixture of experts (ME), into the combining outputs of base experts which are trained using negative correlation learning algorithm. The NCL training algorithm encourages the base experts to learn different parts or aspects of data set and the gating network provides the local competence of these base experts. Three types of normal (recorded from five healthy persons with eyes open), seizure-free (recorded from epileptogenic zoon of five patients) and epileptic EEG signals were decomposed into wavelet coefficients using discrete wavelet transform. Then the statistical features of the wavelet coefficients were computed representing them into the classifiers. Experimental results show that our proposed method classifies normal, seizure-free and epileptic EEG signals with the accuracy of 96.92% which is significantly better than previous combining methods.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7813. Epimorphisms between finite MV-algebras

Creator:
Figallo, Aldo V. and Lattanzi, Marina B.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
MV-algebras, mv-function, and epimorphism
Language:
English
Description:
MV-algebras were introduced by Chang to prove the completeness of the infinite-valued Lukasiewicz propositional calculus. Recently, algebraic theory of MV-algebras has been intensively studied. Wajsberg algebras are just a reformulation of Chang MV-algebras where implication is used instead of disjunction. Using these equivalence, in this paper we provide conditions for the existence of an epimorphism between two finite MV-algebras A and B. Specifically, we define the mv-functions with domain in the ordered set of prime elements of B and with range in the ordered set of prime elements of A, and prove that every epimorphism from A to B can be uniquely constructed from an mv-function.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7814. Epistemic foundations of salience-based coordination

Creator:
Zachník, Vojtěch
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
coordination, correct belief, epistemic symmetry, rationality, and salience
Language:
Slovak
Description:
This paper aims to assess current theoretical findings on the origin of coordination by salience and suggests a way to clarify the existing framework. The main concern is to reveal how different coordination mechanisms rely on specific epistemic aspects of reasoning. The paper highlights the fact that basic epistemic assumptions of theories diverge in a way that makes them essentially distinctive. Consequently, recommendations and predictions of the traditional views of coordination by salience are, in principle, based on the processes related to the agent’s presumptions regarding the cognitive abilities of a co-player. This finding implies that we should consider these theories as complementary, and not competitive, explanations of the same phenomenon.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

7815. Epistemická požiadavka vedeckého realizmu vo svetle Duhem-Quinovej tézy

Creator:
Taliga, Miloš
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
crucial experiments, Duhem-Quine thesis, epistemic requirement of scientific realism, falsification, Fries’s trilemma, problem of underdetermination, klíčové experimenty, Duhemova-Quinova teze, epistemický požadavek vědeckého realismu, falšování, Friesův trilemma, and problém nedostatečné determinace
Language:
Slovak
Description:
According to epistemic requirement of scientific realism the truths - or near truths - about objects posited by scientific theories should be knowable. However, the optimistic view that a scientific theoretical system can be shown to be true is blocked by the familiar Hume’s arguments against induction. The paper shall not deal with them primarily but only marginally in order to compare Hume’s conclusions with the Duhem-Quine thesis. For the common reading of this thesis is that it shows the powerlessness of negative instances to disprove scientific theories, just as Hume’s critical arguments against induction have shown the powerlessness of positive instances to prove scientific theories. The paper aims to expose erroneous aspects of the analogy and to explain what the errors imply for the epistemic requirement of scientific realism, even if it is weakened from knowability of truths to knowability of near truths., Podle epistemického požadavku vědeckého realismu by měly být pravdy - nebo blízko pravdy - o věcech postavených vědeckými teoriemi. Optimistický názor, že vědecký teoretický systém lze prokázat jako pravdivý, je však blokován známými Humeovými argumenty proti indukci. Příspěvek se jich nebude zabývat primárně, ale pouze okrajově, aby bylo možné porovnat Humeovy závěry s tezí Duhem-Quine. Pro společné čtení této práce je to, že ukazuje bezmocnost negativních instancí k vyvrácení vědeckých teorií, stejně jako Humeovy kritické argumenty proti indukci ukázaly bezmocnost pozitivních instancí k prokázání vědeckých teorií. Cílem práce je odhalit chybné aspekty analogie a vysvětlit, co tyto chyby znamenají pro epistemický požadavek vědeckého realismu., and Miloš Taliga
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7816. Epistemický kontextualizmus a jeho motivácia

Creator:
Zouhar, Marián
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
context of utterance vs. circumstances of evaluation, epistemic contextualism, epistemic standards, Keith DeRose, variable truth conditions (propositions) vs. stable truth conditions (propositions), kontext promluvy vs. okolnosti hodnocení, epistemický kontextismus, epistemické standardy, and proměnlivé podmínky pravdivosti (výroky) vs. podmínky stabilní pravdy (výroky)
Language:
Slovak
Description:
According to Keith DeRose, the best argument for epistemic contextualism is supplied by communication intuitions ordinary speakers have when evaluating utterances of sentences of the form ''S knows that p'' and ''S does not know that p''. It is claimed that utterances of ''S knows that p'' and ''S does not know that p'' can both be true with respect to the same S and p because the speakers of the utterances employ different epistemic standards. The aim of the paper is to show that one can accept this claim as true while denying epistemic contextualism. A handful of possible contenders to epistemic contextualism are given. Thus, the alleged best argument for contextualism has to be supplemented by other arguments to show that epistemic contextualism should be given preference to the other approaches., Podle Keith DeRose je nejlepším argumentem pro epistemický kontextualizmus komunikační intuice, které mají obyčejní mluvčí při hodnocení projevů vět ve tvaru ,,S ví, že p'' a ,,S neví, že p''. Tvrdí se, že projevy ,,S ví, že p'' a ''S neví, že p'' mohou být pravdivé s ohledem na stejné S a p, protože reproduktory projevů používají různé epistemické standardy. Cílem příspěvku je ukázat, že toto tvrzení lze akceptovat jako pravdivé, zatímco popírá epistemický kontextismus. Je dána hrstka možných uchazečů o epistemický kontextualismus. Tudíž údajný nejlepší argument pro kontextualismus musí být doplněn dalšími argumenty, které prokazují, že epistemický kontextismus by měl být upřednostňován před ostatními přístupy., and Marián Zouhar
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7817. Epistemologies of spaces and places: an introduction

Creator:
Hladík, Radim
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
prostor (filozofie), místo (filozofie), teorie poznání, space (philosophy), place (philosophy), geoepistemologie, místní vědění, geografie vědy, epistemology, geoepistemology, local knowledge, geography of science, 5, and 11
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article introduces a special themed issue of Theory of Science on epistemologies of spaces and places. It provides a disciplinary context of the theme and reviews some of the key arguments that led to the so-called spatial turn in social sciences and the humanities. Science studies in the broad sense (including social studies of science and technology, history and philosophy of science) have also been affected by this shift of research interest to spatial aspects of science at both micro- and macro-levels. Scientific knowledge has been subject to analyses that stress its local contingencies, mobility and dependencies on spatial arrangements. The ensuing new epistemologies require novel concepts or reconsideration of the older terms, such as universality or objectivity., Tento článek uvozuje zvláštní tematické číslo Teorie vědy věnované epistemologiím prostorů a míst. Článek představuje oborový kontext tématu a poskytuje přehled některých klíčových argumentů, jež vedly k takzvanému prostorovému obratu v sociálních a humanitních vědách. Výzkumy vědy v širokém smyslu (zahrnujícím sociální výzkumy vědy a techniky, dějiny a filosofii vědy) byly také ovlivněny tímto přesunem badatelských zájmů k jejím prostorovým aspektům na mikro i makro úrovni. Vědecké vědění je podrobováno analýzám, které zdůrazňují jeho místní nahodilosti, mobilitu a závislost na prostorových uspořádáních. Následné nové epistemologie vyžadují nové koncepty či přehodnocení starších termínů, jako univerzalita a objektvita., and Radim Hladík.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7818. Epoxyeicosanoids in hypertension

Creator:
Imig , J. D.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, natriuresis, endothelium, and sodium channels
Language:
English
Description:
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are also known as epoxyeicosanoids that have renal and cardiovascular actions. These renal and cardiovascular actions can be regulated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) that degrades and inactivates EETs. Extensive animal hypertension studies have determined that vascular, epithelial transport, and anti-inflammatory actions of EETs lower blood pressure and decrease renal and cardiovascular disease progression. Human studies have also supported the notion that increasing EET levels in hypertension could be beneficial. Pharmacological and genetic approaches to increase epoxyeicosanoids in several animal models and humans have found improved endothelial vascular function, increased sodium excretion, and decreased inflammation to oppose hypertension and associated renal and cardiovascular complications. These compelling outcomes support the concept that increasing epoxyeicosanoids via sEH inhibitors or EET analogs could be a valuable hypertension treatment.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7820. Epworth sleepiness scale in sleep apnoea syndrome patients

Creator:
Hořínek, D., Šonka, K, Dostálová, S., Pretl, M., and Faltýnová, E.
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), excessive daytime somnolence, and sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS)
Language:
English
Description:
The Epwortli sleepiness scale (ESS) is a short questionnaire designed to quantify subjective sleepiness. No correlation was found between the ESS values and the selected paranieters of the PolyMESAM all-night sleep ventilation test (apnoea/hypopnoea index - number of apnoeas and hypopnoeas per hour, oxygen desaturation index - nurnber of saturation drops per hour, heart rate variation index number of heart rate changes per hour, Min Sa02 - mean oxygen saturation minima in percents) in a group of 41 men and 13 women (mean age 48.5+SD=9.2) with the sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS). The mean ESS valne in patients with straightforward SAS was 11.1 (+6.1) while in the control group of 23 men and 6 women (iniddle age 47.3 +6.8 years) it was 6.5 (+2.2). There is a statistically significant diíference between the two (p<0.01). In the authors’ view, ESS is a useful instrument for testing subjective sleepiness in SAS patients.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

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