Cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis and Nostoc linckia were grown in the presence of 5 mM and 50 mM glucose or 5 mM mannose, non-metabolisable glucose analogue that effectively triggers the repression of photosynthesis. Glucose evoked active cyanobacterial growth but chlorophyll (Chl) content decreased to some extent and porphyrins were excreted. The content of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol decreased in glucose-grown cyanobacteria and that of phosphatidylglycerol increased substantially. Mannose inhibited cyanobacteria growth as well as Chl synthesis, however, phosphatidylglycerol contents were higher than in respective control samples. In cyanobacterial cells glucose may not only inhibit photosynthetic processes, but also cause structural transformations of membranes which may be necessary for the activity of respiratory electron transport chain components under heterotrophic conditions. and N. F. Mykhaylenko ... [et al.].
Melatonin mediates many physiological processes in animals and plants. To examine the potential roles of melatonin in salinity tolerance, we investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin on growth and antioxidant system in cucumber under 200 mM NaCl stress conditions. The results showed that the melatonin-treated plants significantly increased growth mass and antioxidant protection. Under salinity stress, the addition of melatonin effectively alleviated the decrease in the net photosynthetic rate, the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII, and the total chlorophyll content. Our data also suggested that melatonin and the resistance of plants exhibited a concentration effect. The application of 50-150 μM melatonin significantly improved the photosynthetic capacity. Additionally, the pretreatment with melatonin reduced the oxidative damage under salinity stress by scavenging directly H2O2 or enhancing activity of antioxidant enzymes (including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase) and concentrations of antioxidants (ascorbic acid and glutathione). Therefore, the melatonin-treated plants could effectively enhance their salinity tolerance., L. Y. Wang, J. L. Liu, W. X. Wang, Y. Sun., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This year‘s Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three astrophysicists, Jim Peebles, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz. Peebles was awarded half of the prize for cosmology and Mayor and Queloz were awarded a quarter each for the discovery of the first exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star 51 Pegasi. Their discovery was reported almost 25 years ago and started a new era of exoplanetary research. This article presents the steps leading to the discovery of planet 51 Pegasi b and the following efforts to detect and characterise exoplanets. The future of the exoplanetary research field is also discussed in this article. and Petr Kabáth.
In this paper we investigate the expected terminal utility maximization approach for a dynamic stochastic portfolio optimization problem. We solve it numerically by solving an evolutionary Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation which is transformed by means of the Riccati transformation. We examine the dependence of the results on the shape of a chosen utility function in regard to the associated risk aversion level. We define the Conditional value-at-risk deviation (CVaRD) based Sharpe ratio for measuring risk-adjusted performance of a dynamic portfolio. We compute optimal strategies for a portfolio investment problem motivated by the German DAX 30 Index and we evaluate and analyze the dependence of the CVaRD-based Sharpe ratio on the utility function and the associated risk aversion level.
Polární záře jsou konečným důsledkem řetězce událostí souvisících se sluneční aktivitou. Nabité částice se od Slunce šíří jako součást slunečního větru meziplanetárním prostorem. Malá část z nich je zachycena magnetosférami planet a některé z nich magnetosférou naší Země. Zejména elektrony pak interagují s horními vrstvami atmosféry a excitované atomy či molekuly kyslíku a dusíku způsobují při deexcitaci překrásné nebeské divadlo - polární záři. V článku jsou vysvětleny makroskopické a mikroskopické mechanismy vzniku polárních září včetně historie jejich výzkumu. Stručně jsou shrnuty výsledky expedice Aurora 2002 pořádané katedrou fyziky FEL ČVUT a sdružením Aldebaran Group for Astrophysics. Diskutovány jsou naše zkušenosti s fotografováním a pozorováním polárních září., Jakub Rozehnal, Petr Kulhánek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A mobile exhibition, German Science Train, which is organized by the Max Planck Society as part of the Year of Science 2009, takes the public on a research voyage! The idea is to show different aspects of science with an eye to the future. In 12 converted train cars, visitors can dive into different subjects: from cosmology to particle physics, nanotechnology and brain research to applied and industrial research in production, agriculture, energy, environment and mobility. The exhibition is making stops throughout Germany until December. and Luděk Svoboda.