This paper focuses on the problem of exponential stability analysis of uncertain complex-variable time delayed chaotic systems, where the parameters perturbation are bounded assumed. The aperiodically intermittent control strategy is proposed to stabilize the complex-variable delayed systems. By taking the advantage of Lyapunov method in complex field and utilizing inequality technology, some sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the stability of uncertain complex-variable delayed systems, where the constrained time delay are considered in the conditions obtained. To protrude the availability of the devised stability scheme, simulation examples are ultimately demonstrated.
We consider the primitive two-colored digraphs whose uncolored digraph has $n+s$ vertices and consists of one $n$-cycle and one $(n-3)$-cycle. We give bounds on the exponents and characterizations of extremal two-colored digraphs.
This study focuses on one of the elements in Czechoslovak cultural agreements that were entered into with ''Third World Countries'' from the 1950s. These agreements included training for foreign students, both in the form of grants for studying in Czechoslovakia, and the dispatch of Czechoslovak scholars abroad. These scholars were sent not only from higher education institutes, but also from the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (CSAS). This study focuses on CSAS scholars who worked in Iraq in the 1960s.
It is known that psychostimulants including methamphetamine (MA) have neurotoxic effect, especially, if they are targeting CNS during its critical periods of development. The present study was aimed on evaluation of cognitive changes following scheduled prenatal MA exposure in combination with long-term exposure in adulthood of male rats. Two periods of gestation were targeted: 1st half - the embryonic day (ED) 1-11 and 2nd half - ED 12-22. Rat mothers received subcutaneously a daily injection of MA (5 mg/kg) or saline (SAL, 1 ml/kg) throughout scheduled periods. Male offspring were tested for cognitive changes in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) in adulthood. Each day of the experiment animals received an injection of MA (1 mg/kg) or SAL (1 ml/kg) during 12 days. Our results demonstrated that in the group of animals exposed to the drug during ED 1-11, neither prenatal MA exposure, nor adult MA treatment changed the performance in the MWM test. Only the velocity was increased in group with long-term MA treatment (SAL/MA and MA/MA). In the group of animals exposed to the drug during ED 12-22, rats exposed to MA prenatally and also in adulthood (MA/MA) swam faster but learned the position of the platform slower in the Place Navigation Test than animals exposed to SAL in adulthood (MA/SAL). In the Probe Test, MA/SAL had decreased velocity and swam shorter distance than MA/MA or SAL/SAL rats suggesting increased floating of these animals. In the Memory Retention Test, SAL/MA rats swam shorter distance than SAL/SAL or MA/MA animals suggesting changes in used strategies in memory recall. As conclusion, our results suggest differences in the effect of combination of prenatal and adult exposure to MA. These effects further depend on the stage of CNS development and schedule of MA exposure affecting intrauterine development in male rats., I. Hrebíčková, M. Malinová-Ševčíková, E. Macúchová, K. Nohejlová, R. Šlamberová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Studii analyzuje, jakým způsobem do naturalistického obrazu reality v díle Josefa K. Šlejhara postupně pronikají subjektivní prvky a jaké jsou projevy jejich postupného zesilování v jeho stylu. Autorka se snaží sledovat, jak se významy strukturují v závislosti na stylových elementech. Ve svém zkoumání dospívá k závěru, že 1) znaky expresionistické poetiky, při vědomí její nejednoznačnosti a rozmanitých realizací, lze spatřit v autorově specifickém způsobu subjektivní stylizace zobrazované skutečnosti. Jeho nedílnou součástí je vyhranění hodnotícího zřetele projevujícího se ve všech složkách textu. 2) Pokud zvolíme jiný estetický kód než je naturalistický, pak lze Šlejharovu zjevnému tíhnutí ke schematizaci, konstrukci a deformaci obrazu skutečnosti i tendenci k extatičnosti výpovědi rozumět jako svébytnému stylotvornému úsilí, jako hledání literárního výrazu pro bezútěšný prožitek života. Děsivé představy, že veškerá skutečnost kolem nás ztrácí řád, že se rozpadají stávající modely života a dosud uznávané hodnoty mizí v nenávratnu, odkazují k oné expresionistické zkušenosti, jejíž integrální součástí jsou pochybnosti o tom, že lidská existence má nějaký smysl, a hledání tohoto smyslu v nadpozemském řádu. V souladu s expresionistickou stylovou intencí je také zaměření na významy, které nelze postihnout smysly ani racionální úvahou; dále rozostření hranice mezi realitou a iracionálnem, kterou se naturalismus překročit neodvážil, nepominutelné signály orientace na spodní vrstvy lidské psychiky. Za příznačně expresionistické dá se považovat rovněž extrémně vyhrocené vnímání protikladů, stejně jako absolutizace fenoménů zla i lásky, nabývající až mystické podoby. Přiřazení Šlejharovy tvorby k expresionisticky subjektivizovanému pólu povídkové produkce před první světovou válkou má své opodstatnění i v charakteru Šlejharova tvůrčího typu, v jeho výrazně emocionálním prožívání života a hlubokém pesimismu. and The article analyzes the way in which subjective elements gradually penetratethe Naturalist picture of reality in the works of Josef K. Šlejhar (1864—1914).It also describes the manifestations of the gradual intensification of theseelements in his style. The article attempts to demonstrate how meanings arestructured in connection with stylistic elements. The author’s research hasled her to two conclusions. The first is that the signs of Expressionist style,admittedly ambiguous and diverse, are visible in Šlejhar’s peculiarly subjectivestylization of depicted reality. An integral part of this is defining his judgementas it is manifested in all elements of the text. The second conclusion is that ifone chooses an aesthetic code other than the Naturalist, then Šlejhar’s clear tendency to schematize, to construct and deform the picture of reality, andto seek precision of expression can be understood as a distinctive effort todevelop a literary style of his own to convey his own cheerless experience oflife. The dreadful ideas that the reality surrounding us is degenerating intochaos, that existing models of life are in decay, and that recognized valuesare irrevocably disappearing, points to the Expressionist experience, integralparts of which are doubts about the point of human existence and the searchfor that point in an otherworldly order. Šlejhar’s orientation to meaningsimpercetable by the senses or reason also comports with the Expressioniststylistic intention, as do the blurring of the boundary between reality and theirrational (which Naturalism did not dare to cross) and unignorable signalsof his orientation to the lower levels of the human psyche. Other typicallyExpressionist features of his work are the acute perception of opposites andthe absolutization of the phenomena of evil and love, which even assumesmystical forms. Stating that Šlejhar’s fiction comports with that of the pre--Great War Expressionists is justified owing to the kind of author he was —namely, one who expressed his experience of life with striking emotion andprofound pessimism.
In this text, the author concentrates on an analysis of the concept of tolerance, which plays an important role in moral and political thought. The semantic framework that he uses in his analysis is moral expressivism. This is one of the influential and intensively discussed theories of contemporary metaethics. The author starts from the assumption that if we are to take tolerance seriously, we must consistently distinguish it from other moral attitudes (approval, indifference, excuse). Only a precise understanding of the concept of tolerance will make it possible for us to better identify tolerance or, as the case may be, appreciate it. Tolerance is understood here as a practical attitude, specifically as a second-order attitude. To tolerate X means to suppress your negative attitude towards X. This approach has surprising consequences. It reveals, in fact, that conservative moral thinking gives us a wider space for the application of tolerance than liberal moral thinking. At the same time, it problematizes the classical tenet of political philosophy that tolerance is a quintessentially liberal virtue. and V tomto textu se autor soustřeďuje na analýzu pojmu tolerance, který hraje významnou roli v morálním a politickém myšlení. Sémantickým aparátem jeho analýzy je morální expresivismus. To je jedna z vlivných a intenzivně diskutovaných teorií současné metaetiky. Autor vychází z předpokladu, že jestliže máme brát toleranci vážně, musíme ji důsledně odlišovat od jiných morálních postojů (schvalování, indiference, omluvení). Teprve precizní porozumění pojmu tolerance nám umožňuje, abychom dokázali toleranci lépe identifikovat a případně také ocenit. Toleranci chápe jako praktický postoj, konkrétně jako postoj druhého řádu. Tolerovat X znamená potlačovat svůj negativní postoj k X. Tento přístup má překvapivé důsledky. Odhaluje totiž, že konzervativní morální myšlení nám poskytuje širší prostor pro uplatnění tolerance než liberální morální myšlení. A zároveň problematizuje klasickou poučku politické filosofie, že tolerance je typicky liberální ctnost.
The concept of expressivity of a theory or a system ́(for example a system of concepts or - derivatively - of basic expressions) is surely important: a theory (system) is the more expressive the more problems it allows to be solved. We will try to formulate or at least to suggest an explication of this notion. We will, of course, assume that an appropriate explication of the notion of problem has been given., Pojem expresivity teorie nebo systému ́ (např. Systém pojmů nebo - derivativně - základních výrazů) je jistě důležitý: teorie (systém) je výraznější, čím více problémů umožňuje řešit. Pokusíme se formulovat nebo alespoň navrhnout vysvětlení tohoto pojmu . Samozřejmě budeme předpokládat, že byl poskytnut vhodný výklad pojmu problému ., and Pavel Materna
Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channel proteins responsible for water homeostasis and important for proper functioning of all body systems, including reproductive structures. This study was designed to determine their localization and quantitative changes in the pig ovary during different stages of the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. The expression of AQP 1, 5 and 9 proteins was determined by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analyses. AQP1 was found in the plasma membranes of capillary endothelium, AQP5 - in the plasma membranes of granulosa cells of developing follicles and flattened follicle cells of the primordial follicles, and AQP9 - in granulosa cells of the developing follicles. In the cyclic pigs, the expression of AQP1 and 5 proteins was the highest on Days 18-20, but did not change significantly between Days 2-4, 10-12 and 14-16 of the cycle. In pregnant pigs (Days 14-16 and 30-32), the expression of AQP1 and 5 did not change and was similar to that observed during Days 10-12 and 14-16. In turn, AQP9 expression did not change between all studied periods. In conclusion, studied AQP are localized in different cells populations, the endothelial and granulosa cells, and AQP1 and 5 seem to be crucial for follicular development in pigs., A. Skowronska, P. Mlotkowska, M. Eliszewski, S. Nielsen, M. T. Skowronski., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Our present work showed that the expression of genes encoding PTOX (terminal oxidase of chlororespiration) and PGR5 (one essential component of cyclic electron transfer) were stimulated by red and blue light, but the stimulation under red light was soon reversed by subsequent far-red light. The expression levels of PTOX and PGR5 under simulated light quality conditions in line with maize-soybean relay strip intercropping (SRI) were obviously lower than those under simulated soybean monocropping (SM), since the lower red:far-red ratio under SRI. Measurements on photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters suggested a decline of assimilatory power supply and a lower nonphotochemical quenching under SRI as compared to SM. In this case, weaker PGR-dependent cyclic electron transfer and chlororespiration under SRI, suggested by lower expression levels of PGR5 and PTOX, could be considered as means of reducing excitation energy dissipation to allocate more power toward CO2 assimilation., X. Sun, X. F. Chen, J. B. Du, W. Y. Yang., and Obsahuje seznam literatury