We study the relations between finitistic dimensions and restricted injective dimensions. Let R be a ring and T a left R-module with A = EndRT. If RT is selforthogonal, then we show that rid \left ( T_{A} \right )\leqslant findim(A_{A})\leqslant findim \left ( _{R}T \right )+rid\left ( T_{A} \right ). Moreover, if R is a left noetherian ring and T is a finitely generated left R-module with finite injective dimension, then rid \left ( T_{A} \right )\leqslant findim(A_{A})\leqslant fin.inj.dim \left ( _{R}R \right )+rid\left ( T_{A} \right ). Also we show by an example that the restricted injective dimensions of a module may be strictly smaller than the Gorenstein injective dimension., Dejun Wu., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The paper presents results from three large scale experiments on seven reinforced concrete panels obtained during an extensive experiemental program. This was aimed at possible application of cement reduced (fly ash replaced)) concretee in the production of precast segmental linings for tunnels created by a tunnel boring machine (TBM). In particular, this paper is focused on the comparison of fire resistance of enhanced mixtures loaded by the Rijkswaterstaat (RWS) fire curve, which assumes 50 m3 fuel tanker fire lasting for 120 minutes. The presented results include spalling, overall damage of the surface and temperature distribution of the tested panels The paper also presents description of the proposed method for the evaluation of the extent of spalling during the experiments since, due to the extreme temperatures, the direct observation of the exposed surface is not possible. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Thermal silica-based geopolymer composites reinforced by approximately 45 vol.% of unidirectional carbon HTS 5631 1600tex 24K fibers were synthesized and fabricated at optimal range of curing conditions, the effects of thermal exposure in a forced air furnace at high temperatures up to 1000 °C for 1 hour on the thermal-mechanical properties of the geocomposites were studied. The flexural properties of the resulting composites were determined on a universal testing machine under three-point bending mode in accordance with ASTM C 1341-06 and the results show that the mechanical properties of geocomposite retained nearly 50 to 60%, after thermal exposure up to 1000 °C, in comparison with these of the geocomposite tested at 20 °C. The microstructure of the geocomposites was analyzed by means of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) after calcination, at temperature higher than 800 °C the microstructure of geocomposite looks like foamed composites and the adhesion between the fiber and matrix still show very well. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) was used to determine the initial reaction layer on the fiber will be presented as well. and Termické geopolymerní kompozity na bázi křemene zesílené asi ze 45 objemových procent jednosměrovými uhlíkovými vlákny HTS 5631 1600tex 24K byly syntetizovány a vyrobeny za optimálního rozsahu vytvrzovacích podmínek. Byl studován vliv teplotní expozice sálací pece až 1000 °C po dobu jedné hodiny na tepelně mechanické vlastnosti geokompozitů. Ohybové vlastnosti získaných kompozitů byly zjištěny pomocí univerzálního zkušebního stroje ve tříbodovém ohybovém modu v souladu s ASTM C 1341-06. Výsledky ukazují, že mechanické vlastnosti geokompozitů se po teplotní zátěži až 1000 °C zachovávají z 50 - 60 % ve srovnání se zkoušenými kompozity při 20 °C. Mikrostruktura geokompozitů po kalcinaci byla analyzována pomocí elektronového skenovacího mikroskopu (SEM) při teplotě nad 800 °C. Mikrostruktura geokompozitů připomíná pěnové kompozity, adheze mezi vlákny a matricí je stále velmi dobrá. Rovněž bylo ukázáno, jak byla užita energetická disperzní rentgenová analýza (EDX) pro určení výchozí reakční vrstvy.
In this paper, we present adaptive observers for synaptically coupled Hindmarsh-Rose (HR) neurons with the membrane potential measurement under the assumption that some of parameters in an individual HR neuron are known. Using the adaptive observers for a single HR neuron, we propose a two-stage merging procedure to identify the firing pattern of a model of synaptically coupled HR neurons. The procedure allows us to recover the internal states and to distinguish the firing patterns of the synaptically coupled HR neurons, with early-time dynamic behaviors.
Due to inconsistent results of APOE variants in the survival of pregnancy we investigated the potential relationship of APOE rs7412 and rs429358 with pregnancy loss (PL) in Bosnian women. We enrolled 154 women with PL. The minimum week of miscarriage was 6, while the maximum was 28. As a control group, an equal number of mothers with at least one live-born child was included. All women were recruited from the Institution of Health Protection of Women and Motherhood in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Genotyping was performed by re-al-time PCR at the Department of General Pha-macology and Pharmacoeconomics, Pomeranian Medical University. The prevalence of genotypes E2/E3, E2/E4, E3/E3, E3/E4, E4/E4 in the group with and without PL were: 14.3 %, 1.3 %, 70.8 %, 12.3 %, 1.3 %, and 13.6 %, 1.3 %, 70.1 %, 14.3 %, 0.7 %, respectively. The frequency of the E4/E4 genotype in women with 1–2 and 3–4 PL compared to women without PL did not differ significantly between those three groups (P value = 0.0712). The frequencies of alleles ԑ2, ԑ3, ԑ4 in the group with and without PL, were: 6.8 %, 85.1 %, 8.1 % and 7.5 %, 84.1 %, 8.4 %, respectively, and did not differ significantly. We conclude that our study does not confirm rs7412 and rs429358 as a potential risk factor for PL in the studied group. To elucidate the relationship between PL and variants of the APOE gene, studies with a larger sample size and placental histomorphology and ge-netic diagnosis are required. and Corresponding author: Grażyna Adler
The type species of the genus Glossocercus Chandler, 1935, G. cyprinodontis Chandler, 1935, was described as metacestode (larval stage) from the mesentery of the sheepshead minnow fish (Cyprinodon variegatus Lacépède) from Galveston Bay, Texas. The description was based on the morphology of the rostellar hooks; however, the features of the internal morphology of the proglottides could no be provided. In the present study we describe for the first time the features of the adult G. cyprinodontis from the intestine of Pelecanus occidentalis Linnaeus, Nycticorax nycticorax Linnaeus and Egretta rufescens Gmelin in Mexico. Glossocercus cyprinodontis possesses similar strobilar morphology with the two other congeneric species, both distributed in the Neartic and Neotropical regions, i.e. Glossocercus caribaensis (Rysavy et Macko, 1971) and Glossocercus auritus (Rudolphi, 1819). However, G. cyprinodontis differs mainly in the shape of the rostellar hooks (those of G. cyprinodontis possess the handle and the guard strongly sclerified compared to those of G. auritus and G. caribaensis) and their size (total length of 175-203 mm in G. cyprinodontis compared to 189-211 mm in G. caribaensis and 220-285 mm in G. auritus). Generic diagnosis of Glossocercus is emended: rostellar hooks in two rows with ten hooks of different shape and length in each, scolex large and globular, proglottides craspedote, wider than long, genital pores irregularly alternating, vagina transverse, surrounded by epithelial cells, ventral to cirrus-sac, uterus bar-shaped in mature proglottides, occupies all space between osmoregulatory ducts with eggs in gravid proglottides, ovary lobed in middle of proglottis, cirrus-sac elongate, between osmoregulatory canals, cirrus armed with spinitriches and apical tuft of slender spinitriches.
The male of the gonad-infecting nematode Philometra filiformis (Stossich, 1896) (Philometridae) is for the first time described, based on specimens from the ovary of the marine fish Pagellus erythrinus (Linnaeus) from the Tyrrhenian Sea off Sicily, Italy. It is mainly characterized by the testis extending anteriorly nearly to the anterior end of body, the oesophagus without a usual anterior inflation, the absence of a dorsal barb or distinct transverse lamellae on the tip of the gubernaculum, the measurements of the spicules and the gubernaculum, and a fairly long body.
Three new species of dicyemid mesozoans are described for the first time from Australian octopus and cuttlefish species. Dicyemennea floscephalum sp. n. is described from Octopus berrima Stranks et Norman (southern keeled octopus) collected from Spencer Gulf and Gulf St. Vincent, South Australia, Australia and represents the first description of a species of Dicyemennea Whitman, 1883 from Australian waters. Dicyema papuceum sp. n. and D. furuyi sp. n. are described from Sepia papuensis Hoyle (Papuan cuttlefish) collected from Shark Bay, Western Australia, Australia. Dicyemennea floscephalum sp. n. is a medium to large species that reaches approximately 4.9 mm in length. The vermiform stages are characterised by having 23-28 peripheral cells, and a disc-shaped, flower-like calotte in larger individuals. An anterior abortive axial cell is absent in vermiform embryos and verruciform cells were not observed in nematogens and rhombogens. Infusoriform embryos comprise 37 cells; one nucleus is present in each urn cell. Dicyema papuceum sp. n. is a small species that reaches approximately 1.1 mm in length. The vermiform stages are characterised by having 30-33 peripheral cells and a relatively small, cap-shaped calotte. An anterior abortive axial cell is absent in vermiform embryos and verruciform cells were occasionally observed in nematogens. Infusoriform embryos comprise 37 cells; two nuclei are present in each urn cell. Dicyema furuyi sp. n. is a large species that reaches approximately 5.3 mm in length. The vermiform stages are characterised by having 22-24 peripheral cells and an elongate calotte. An anterior abortive axial cell is absent in vermiform embryos and verruciform cells were not observed in nematogens and rhombogens. Infusoriform embryos comprise 37 cells; one nucleus is present in each urn cell. Three secondary nematogens were also observed in the right renal appendages of two host individuals, confirming the occurrence of this form.