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8812. Frőhlich's coherent vibrations in healthy and cancer cells
- Creator:
- Pokorný , J.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biophysical cancer transormation pathway, biological electromagnetic field, coherence, mitochondria dysfunction, microtubules, and Fröhlich's hypothesis
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Frőhlich formulated the hypothesis of coherent electrical polar oscillations in biological systems. The hypothesis predicts that generated electromagnetic field with a dominant electric component has a basic role in organization, transport, and interactions inside a cell and among cells. If mitochondria are entirely functional, the cellular cytoskeleton satisfies conditions for excitation of coherent states, which are assumed to be essential for normal biological activity. Malfunctioning mitochondria and disintegrated cytoskeleton result in disturbances of the Frőhlich's mechanism and consequently -- together with biochemical disturbances -- can lead to malignant properties of cancer cells.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8813. Frőhlich's physical theory of cancer -- Frőhlich's path from theoretical physics to biology, and the cancer problem
- Creator:
- Hyland, G. J.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fröhlich, biological coherence, non-thermal bioeffects, microwaves, cell division control, and cancer
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A review is given of Frőhlich's approach to biology from the side of theoretical physics, and illustrated in the context of his prediction of three types of coherent excitations in living systems based on their dielectric and elastic properties and far-from-equilibrium (non-linear) character. Supporting experimental evidence is presented, and the difficulty in achieving reproducibility addressed. His envisaged role of coherent excitations in cell division and its control is outlined, together with the implications for cancer - as understood at the time of his work.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8814. From "doing" and "undoing gender" to changing the university system in the United States and work-family balance: an interview with Nancy Jurik
- Creator:
- Alena Křížková and Hana Maříková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- gender, univerzity, universities, 18, and 316.4/.7
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Alena Křížková, Hana Maříková.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8815. From a "fossil" problem of recapitulation existence to computer simulation and answer
- Creator:
- Gecow, Andrzej
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Adaptive evolution, change propagation, and terminal modifications
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Modern biology usually rejects the concept of recapitulation of phylogeny in ontogeny as describing a non-existent phenomenon and regards it as a "case closed". The minority of biologists (mainly paleontologists and older evolutionists) that recognize the phenomenon in their empirical observations, cannot provide a viable mechanism for it, except for referring to Darwin's and Schmalhasen's intuitions, lacking rigorous quantitative testability. Now a possibility arises to check this hypothesis and this is the theme of this paper. The paper presents an abstract model of complex system adaptive evolution and results of its computer simulations. The system is described as direct network similar to Kauffman's Boolean network. The model indicates that the "recapitulation" is a statistical phenomenon expected as a result of long adaptive evolution of a complex system and is a very good quantitative first approximation of evolutionary phenomena. The simulation successfully replicated the similarities of functional and historical sequence and other main regularities: Naef's "terminal modification and conservation of early stages" and Weismann's "terminal addition" as terminal predominance of addition over removal. These tendencies are observed upon reaching certain complexity threshold. Thus, now it will be a problem requiring explanation if we do not observe statistical recapitulation in a more complex ontogeny.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8816. From a “life in the idea” to a “life in truth”: Patočka and Havel on truth and politics
- Creator:
- Strandberg, Gustav
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Jan Patočka, Václav Havel, truth, politics, problematicity, and negativity
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This article discusses the relationship between Jan Patočka's and Václav Havel's political writings. By specifically focusing on Patočka's concepts a "life in the idea" and a "life in problematicity" and Havel's notion of a "life in truth", it seeks to draw out the differences and similarities between their respective understandings of the relationship between truth and politics. The paper argues that Havel reinterpreted Patočka's ideas in a way, which in the final analysis diverged from Patočka's original intentions. Finally, the article argues that Havel's, in many ways productive, reinterpretation gives rise to a highly problematic conception of ideology and politics since the "prepolitical" form of politics that Havel envisions ultimately tends to naturalize both truth and politics.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
8817. From Bavaria to the Veneto, and return: the Sadelers, Jacopo Bassano, and Italian art in Munich
- Creator:
- Limouze, Dorothy
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8818. From deduction to knowledge representation
- Creator:
- Šefránek, Ján and Vince, Michal
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- assumption-based framework, commonsense reasoning, default logic, knowledge representation, non-monotonic logic, update, rámec založený na předpokladu, rozumové uvažování, výchozí logika, reprezentace znalostí, nemonotonická logika, and aktualizace
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- In this paper, we discuss why deduction is not sufficient for knowledge representation of programs with commonsense. Requirements of representation of incomplete, evolutive and conflicting knowledge led to a rise of alternative logic formalisms, dubbed nonmonotonic logics. Important features of nonmonotonic logic were discussed on the example of default logic - a role of assumptions in reasoning, use of fixpoint constructions as a formal tool for building a nonmonotonic semantics and, finally, computational aspects of nonmonotonic reasoning. This overview is completed by a presentation of our approach to updates. Updates are closely connected to nonmonotonic reasoning. We construct our approach for assumption based frameworks (and for default theories, as a consequence)., V tomto příspěvku diskutujeme, proč dedukce není dostatečná pro reprezentaci znalostí programů se zdravým rozumem. Požadavky na reprezentaci neúplných, evolutivních a konfliktních znalostí vedly ke vzniku alternativních logických formalismů, tzv. Nonmonotonic logics. Významné rysy nemonotonické logiky byly diskutovány na příkladu výchozí logiky - role předpokladů v uvažování, použití fixpointových konstrukcí jako formálního nástroje pro budování nemonotonické sémantiky a nakonec výpočetních aspektů nemonotonického uvažování. Tento přehled je doplněn prezentací našeho přístupu k aktualizacím. Aktualizace jsou úzce spojeny s nemonotonickým uvažováním. Náš přístup konstruujeme pro rámce založené na předpokladech (a v důsledku toho i pro standardní teorie)., and Ján Šefránek ; Michal Vince
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8819. From Gaomi to Nobel: the making of Mo Yan’s fiction as world literature through English translation
- Creator:
- Yu, Jinquan and Zhang, Wenqian
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- East Asian literature, Mo Yan, sociology of translation, archive materials, world literature, and international circulation of literature
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The global translation field is characterized by an asymmetrical and hierarchical structure. The translation of Mo Yan’s fiction into English falls into the underrepresented research domain of translation flows from the periphery to the center. Combining Bourdieu’s theory and world literature studies, this article explores how Mo Yan’s fiction circulates from the periphery to the English center and becomes world literature. Drawing on a socio-archival analysis of materials collected from the Chinese Literature Translation Archive, the article reveals the multifaceted and invisible roles of Howard Goldblatt, Sandra Dijkstra, editors, and publishers in conjunction with their interactions in the production and consecration of Mo Yan’s fiction. In so doing, it argues that the circulation of Mo Yan’s fiction into the American literary field and its ascendency to the ranks of world literature can be primarily attributed to the manifold roles simultaneously performed by the network of translation agents with their cultural, social, economic and symbolic capital. The article also stimulates a rethinking of the applicability of Bourdieu’s sociological theory established in the French context to other contexts and contributes to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms for producing and consecrating peripheral literature in the dominating literary field.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
8820. From ghost film to the film as ghost: The realist paradigm and beyond in Korean horror
- Creator:
- Seung-hoon, Jeong
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Korean cinema has mainly been constructed on the realist paradigm of classical mimesis and probability of diegesis, which refers to the socio-political reality of Korea. Even fantasy has been represented as clearly marked but still subordinated to conventional film language that easily works in favor of reality. Though exploring the fantastic, Korean ghost film has repeated this paradigm, which has also determined academic approaches to the genre. Psychoanalysis has particularly interpreted the female ghost as the return of repressed sexuality/identity, as well as repressed pre-modernity. However, some auteurist films with ghost motifs such as Memento Mori, Blood Rain, Sorum, and Spider Forest little by little have questioned the established model, until 3-Iron can be seen as stepping into a different ontological dimension via an unconventional ghost-shadow. These films leave room for a more radical approach to subjectivity than psychoanalysis, for the ontological look at the ghost and the image at once, and finally for escape from classical norms of the realist paradigm. The task of this paper is therefore to draw a “line of flight” from psychoanalysis to ontology, a line which parallels that of the realist paradigm to the beyond. Such deterritorialization of the ghost genre allows us to expect not a ghost film, but a film as a ghost in the context of Asian horror and post-classical paradigm.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public