Number of results to display per page
Search Results
152. Contents
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
153. Contents of photosynthetic pigments and ratios of chlorophyll a/b and chlorophylls to carotenoids (a+b)/(x+c) in C4 plants as compared to C3 plants
- Creator:
- Lichtenthaler, H. K. and Babani, F.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- autumnal leaf senescence, C3 plants, C4 plants, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic pigments, shade leaves, sun leaves, and total carotenoid content
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The content of chlorophylls (Chl) (a+b), total carotenoids (x+c), and the pigment ratios of Chl a/b and Chls to carotenoids (a+b)/(x+c) of green leaves of five C4 plants were determined and compared to those of C3 plants. The C4 plants were: Pacific and Chinese silvergrass (Miscanthus floridulus and Miscanthus sinensis), sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) as well as feed and sugar maize (Zea mays). The three C3 plants were beech, ginkgo, and oak. C4 plants possess higher values for the ratio Chl a/b (3.4-4.5) as compared to the C3 plants (2.6-3.3). Sugar maize had the highest values for Chl a/b (4.04-4.70) and exceptionally high contents of total carotenoids and consequently lower values for the ratio of (a+b)/(x+c) (mean: 3.75 ± 0.6). During autumnal senescence also C4 plants showed a faster decline of Chl b as compared to Chl a yielding high values for Chl a/b of 6 to 8. Chlorophylls declined faster than carotenoids yielding low (a+b)/(x+c) values below 1.0.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
154. Contralateral and ipsilateral arterial vasculature of the human uterus: the pilot results of an anatomical study
- Creator:
- Kristek, Jakub, Kachlik, David, Sticova, Eva, and Fronek, Jiri
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- anatomy, blood supply, collateral circulation, investigative techniques, and transplantation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Arterial blood to the human uterus is provided by a pair of uterine arteries (UA) and supported by terminal branches of ovarian (OA) and vaginal arteries (VA). Literature reports the existence of ipsilateral and contralateral anastomoses between these arteries and the UA, but data on the prevalence of such anastomoses are discrepant. The aim of this trial is to study whether contralateral and ipsilateral anastomoses exist. We studied nine human uterine specimens, which were obtained from (i) human cadavers (n = 6), (ii) uterine transplant recipients (n = 2), and (iii) one altruistic uterine donor (n = 1). We injected India ink into the graft through the UA of each specimen (n = 8) or OA (n = 1). We semiquantitatively observed and evaluated the extent of the injection on horizontal, vertical, and transmural levels. The dye permeated beyond the midline in 9/9 (100 %) cases. Nearcomplete/complete permeation to the contralateral side was observed in 6/9 (66 %) cases. The dye permeated ipsilaterally throughout all uterine levels in 8/8 cases (100 %) of UA injection. The entire wall of the myometrium was permeated in 2/9 (22 %) cases. In 7/9 (78 %) cases, the wall of the myometrium was permeated less than halfway through. In conclusions, the preliminary results of this study prove the existence of ipsilateral and contralateral anastomoses. Complete transmural injection was observed in only 22 % of cases; however, this finding does not provide information about the functional capacity of these anastomoses. More data and studies are necessary to make definitive conclusions.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
155. Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP): psychometric characteristics of the Czech version
- Creator:
- Řiháček, Tomáš and Mikutová, Michaela
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- clients’ preferences, factor structure, measurement invariance, preference klientů, faktorová struktura, and invariance měření
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Objective. The Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) is a new and promising tool for measuring clients’ preferences regard-ing psychotherapy. However, the psychometric evaluation of this measure is scarce in general and completely missing for the Czech adapta-tion of the measure. This study aimed to test the Czech version of the C-NIP factor structure, test its measurement invariance, and establish cut points. Methods.N = 772 adults answered the C-NIP in an online survey. Confirmatory and explora-tory factor analyses were used to test the fac-tor structure and assess the C-NIP measurement invariance between men and women and across several levels of psychotherapy experience.Results. The original four-factor model was not supported. Instead, a five-factor model was sug-gested that fit the data adequately and was strict-ly invariant with respect to gender and levels of experience with psychotherapy. Conclusions. The Czech C-NIP can be con-sidered a valid and reliable measure of clients’ preferences regarding psychotherapy. The repli-cation of the new factor model is needed. and Cíl. Cooper-Norcross Inventory of Preferences (C-NIP) představuje nejnovější a slibný nástroj určený k měření preferencí klientů ve vztahu k psychoterapii. Psychometrické zhodnocení to-hoto nástroje je však zatím sporé a u české verze zcela chybí. Cílem této studie bylo ověřit fakto-rovu strukturu české verze C-NIP, ověřit invari-anci měření a stanovit hraniční skóry. Metody.N = 772 dospělých respondentů vypl-nilo C-NIP v online průzkumu. K ověření fak-torové struktury a invariance měření mezi po-hlavími a napříč různými úrovněmi zkušenosti s psychoterapií byla použita konfirmační fakto-rový analýza. Výsledky. Původní faktorová struktura nebyla podpořena. Namísto toho byl navržen pětifak-torový model, který vykazoval adekvátní shodu s daty a byl striktně invariantní ve vztahu k po-hlaví i úrovni zkušenosti s psychoterapií. Závěr. Českou verzi C-NIP lze považovat za validní a reliabilní nástroj na měření preferencí klientů ve vztahu k psychoterapii. Je zapotřebí replikovat navrženou faktorovou strukturu.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
156. Cooperative defence of colonial breeding house martins (Delichon urbicum) against nest-usurping house sparrows (Passer domesticus)
- Creator:
- Savvas , Ieziekel and Reuven, Yosef
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Cyprus, colonial defence, and nest construction
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The usurpation of house martin nests by house sparrows has previously been reported. However, our study demonstrates how neighbouring house martins cooperatively defended against nest-usurping attempts by house sparrows. House martins collectively helped a conspecific pair build their nest at a much faster pace than would be possible for the breeding pair alone, within several hours as compared to a couple of days, in order to overcome the continued attempts of house sparrows to usurp the partially built nest. In our study, between the two breeding seasons of 2018 and 2019, the number of breeding house martins at the study site decreased by almost 63% while in contrast the number of house sparrow breeding pairs increased almost sixfold. The number of usurped nests by house sparrows was comparatively higher in 2019 as compared to 2018.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
157. Correlation between climate and flood indices in Northwestern Italy at different temporal scales
- Creator:
- Pesce, Matteo, von Hardenberg, Jost, Claps, Pierluigi, and Viglione, Alberto
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- flood tendency, ETCCDI indices, and flood and climate variability
- Language:
- Slovak
- Description:
- The occurrence of river floods is strongly related to specific climatic conditions that favor extreme precipitation events leading to catchment saturation. Although the impact of precipitation and temperature patterns on river flows is a well discussed topic in hydrology, few studies have focused on the relationship between peak discharges and standard Climate Change Indices (ETCCDI) of precipitation and temperature, widely used in climate research. It is of interest to evaluate whether these indices are relevant for characterizing and predicting floods in the Alpine area. In this study, a correlation analysis of the ETCCDI indices annual time series and annual maximum flows is presented for the Piedmont Region, in North-Western Italy. Spearman’s rank correlation is used to determine which ETCCDI indices are temporally correlated with maximum discharges, allowing to hypothesize which climate drivers better explain the interannual variability of floods. Moreover, the influence of climate (decadal) variability on the tendency of annual maximum discharges is examined by spatially correlating temporal trends of climate indices with temporal trends of the discharge series in the last twenty years, calculated using the Theil-Sen slope estimator. Results highlight that, while extreme precipitation indices are highly correlated with extreme discharges at the annual timescale, with different indices that are consistent with catchment size, the decadal tendencies of extreme discharges may be better explained by the decadal tendencies of the total annual precipitation over the study area. This suggests that future projections of the annual precipitation available from climate models simulations, whose reliability is higher compared to precipitation extremes, may be used as covariates for non-stationary flood frequency analysis.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
158. Correlation between nongenomic action of C19-Steroids and COVID-19 severity
- Creator:
- Perusquía, Mercedes
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- androgens, COVID-19 severity, male sex steroids, nongenomic actions, and coronavirus infection
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The recent COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time and little is known about this disease. It has been reported that advanced age is considered a major risk factor for COVID-19 complications, and data suggest that this disease is deadlier for men than women but these observations are currently unclear. Regarding androgen action, it has been shown that certain smooth muscles are a target for androgens by inducing an acute relaxing effect in airway and vascular tissues that is nongenomically mediated; likewise, androgens are capable of inducing genomic anti-inflammatory and nongenomic hypotensive responses. The aim of this report is to associate the relationship between COVID-19 and aging men as well as the comorbidities presented in this group of patients linked with androgen deficiency. Remarkably, the nongenomic mechanisms of androgens as potential protectors are reviewed. On this basis, it is suggested that hypotestosteronemia may be a risk factor for COVID-19 severity.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
159. Could the CCR5-Δ32 mutation be protective in SARS-CoV-2 infection?
- Creator:
- Starčević Čizmarević, Nada, Kapović, Miljenko, Rončević, Dobrica, and Ristić, Smiljana
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- CCR5-Δ32, CCR5, COVID-19, and SARS-CoV-2
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Increasing evidence points to host genetics as a factor in COVID19 prevalence and outcome. CCR5 is a receptor for proinflammatory chemokines that are involved in host responses, especially to viruses. The CCR5 Δ32 minor allele is an interesting variant, given the role of CCR5 in some viral infections, particularly HIV-1. Recent studies of the impact of CCR5-Δ32 on COVID-19 risk and severity have yielded contradictory results. This ecologic study shows that the CCR5-Δ32 allelic frequency in a European population was significantly negatively correlated with the number of COVID-19 cases (p=0.035) and deaths (p=0.006) during the second pandemic wave. These results suggest that CCR5-Δ32 may be protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it is against HIV infection, and could be predictive of COVID-19 risk and severity. Further studies based on samples from populations of different genetic backgrounds are needed to validate these statistically obtained findings.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
160. COVID-19 and the differences in physiological background between children and adults and their clinical consequences
- Creator:
- Kapustova, Lenka, Petrovicova, Otilia, Banovcin, Peter, Antosova, Martina, Bobcakova, Anna, Urbancikova, Ingrid, Rennerova, Zuzana, and Jesenak, Miloš
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- COVID-19, children, adults, age-related differences, and disease severity
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has indeed been one of the most significant problems facing the world in the last decade. It has affected (directly or indirectly) the entire population and all age groups. Children have accounted for 1.7 % to 2 % of the diagnosed cases of COVID-19. COVID-19 in children is usually associated with a mild course of the disease and a better survival rate than in adults. In this review, we investigate the different mechanisms which underlie this observation. Generally, we can say that the innate immune response of children is strong because they have a trained immunity, allowing the early control of infection at the site of entry. Suppressed adaptive immunity and a dysfunctional innate immune response is seen in adult patients with severe infections but not in children. This may relate to immunosenescence in the elderly. Another proposed factor is the different receptors for SARS-CoV-2 and their differences in expression between these age groups. In infants and toddlers, effective immune response to viral particles can be modulated by the pre-existing non-specific effect of live attenuated vaccines on innate immunity and vitamin D prophylaxis. However, all the proposed mechanisms require verification in larger cohorts of patients. Our knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 is still developing.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public