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412. Latent toxoplasmosis and vitamin D concentration in humans: three observational studies
- Creator:
- Kaňková, Šárka, Bičíková, Marie, Máčová, Ludmila, Hlaváčová, Jana, Sýkorová, Kateřina, Jandová, Dobroslava, and Flegr, Jaroslav
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Toxoplasma gondii, calcidiol, depression, mental disorders, and schizophrenia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Numerous recent studies show that vitamin D deficiency potentiates various chronic physical and psychiatric disorders and diseases. It has been shown that a similar range of disorders is also associated with latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908). For instance, among cancer, diabetes and schizophrenia patients, we find a higher prevalence of both toxoplasmosis and vitamin D deficiency. Theoretically, therefore, vitamin D deficiency could be the missing link between toxoplasmosis and these disorders. We tested this hypothesis by searching for decreased vitamin D levels in the serum of subjects infected with T. gondii (furthermore called Toxoplasma-infected subjects) in two cross-sectional and one case-control study. Results of the first cross-sectional study (N = 72) suggest that Toxoplasma-infected neurasthenic patients have non-significantly lower levels of calcidiol than Toxoplasma-free patients (study A: P = 0.26 in women, P = 0.68 in men). However, two other studies (study B: N = 400; study C: N = 191) showed a non-significantly higher concentration of vitamin D in Toxoplasma-infected subjects than in Toxoplasma-free subjects both in men (study B: P = 0.70, study C: P = 0.55) and in women (study B: P = 0.64, study C: P = 0.12). Taken together, our preliminary results thus do not support the hypothesis that toxoplasmosis could be associated with vitamin D decrease.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
413. Leaf structure and photosynthesis in Populus alba under naturally fluctuating environments
- Creator:
- Lin, X. Y., Wang, X. X., Zeng, Q. Y., and Yang, Q.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fluctuating conditions, photoinhibition, photosynthesis, plasticity, and Populus alba
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- The ability to modulate photosynthesis is essential for plants to adapt to fluctuating growing conditions. Populus species show high tolerance to various and highly variable environments. To understand their response strategies against fluctuating environments, this study investigated the morphological and physiological differences of white poplar (Populus alba) leaves when grown in a phytotron, glasshouse, and field. Our results show that the palisade cells were elongated in the field, which would enhance intercellular CO2 exchange. Photosynthetic capacity was the highest in the field leaves, as shown by higher electron transport rates (1.8 to 6.5 times) and carbon assimilation rates (2.7 to 4.2 times). The decrease of PSI acceptor-side limitation and increase of PSI donor-side limitation suggests changes in PSI redox status may contribute to photoprotection. This plasticity of white poplar allows adjusting its structure and photosynthesis under fluctuating conditions, which may partly enable its outstanding tolerance against environmental changes.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
414. Legendy a mýty české a slovenské literatury: 6. ročník studentské literárněvědné konference : Ústav pro českou literaturu AV ČR, Praha, 11. a 12. dubna 2007
- Creator:
- Fedrová, Stanislava, Jedličková, Alice, Ústav pro českou literaturu (Akademie věd ČR), and Legendy a mýty české a slovenské literatury (2007 : Praha, Česko)
- Publisher:
- Ústav pro českou literaturu AV ČR
- Format:
- electronic, bez média, online zdroj, and 1 online zdroj (200 stran).
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Západoslovanské literatury (o nich), 18.-21. století, česká literatura, slovenská literatura, literárněvědné rozbory, mýty, legendy, symboly, literární náměty, Czech literature, Slovak literature, literary criticism and history, myths, legends, symbols, literary themes, 821.162.3, 821.162.4, 82.09, 82-343, 165.212, 82:7.04, (062.534), 11, and 821.162.09
- Language:
- Czech, Polish, Slovak, and English
- Description:
- editorky Stanislava Fedrová, Alice Jedličková., Obsahuje bibliografie a bibliografické odkazy, and Částečně polský a slovenský text, česká a anglická resumé
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
415. Life-history studies on infrapopulations of Mazocraes alosae (Monogenea) parasitising Alosa immaculata (Actinopterygii) in the northern Black and Azov Seas
- Creator:
- Plaksina, Mariana P., Gibson, David I., and Dmitrieva, Evgenija V.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fish parasite, infection indices, reproduction, season dynamics, influence of host and environment factors, Pontic shad, and fish migration
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The life-history of Mazocraes alosae Hermann, 1782 on one of its hosts, the Pontic shad Alosa immaculata Bennett, is described for the first time. This anadromous fish, which occurs off the coast of the Crimea and migrates from the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov and into the River Don for spawning, was studied throughout its migration and during all seasons. It is demonstrated that the period of reproduction of this monogenean is significantly longer than that reported for the population in the Caspian Sea, lasting from April to November with a peak in April-May, and continues both in the sea and the river. Experiments showed that water salinity does not limit the development of the eggs or the hatching of the oncomiracidia. Our data reveal that the abundance of M. alosae is not determined by the size or sex of mature fish and that shad of less than two years old can also be infected with this monogenean, although less frequently than older fish. The direction of the migration of A. immaculata, either from the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov and into the rivers or in the opposite direction, does not influence the number of monogeneans present on the host. The main factor affecting the dynamics of the abundance of this monogenean is season, and, as has been indicated previously in the Caspian Sea basin, there is a synchronisation between the parasite's life-history and both the host's spawning behaviour and the duration of its migration.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
416. Light quality, oxygenic photosynthesis and more
- Creator:
- Lazar, D., Stirbet, A., Björn, L. O., and Govindjee, G.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Chl fluorescence induction, chromatic acclimation of cyanobacteria, photoreceptors, photosynthetic pigments, photosystems I and II, and stomatal and chloroplast photoinduced movements
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Oxygenic photosynthesis takes place in thylakoid membranes (TM) of cyanobacteria, algae, and higher plants. It begins with light absorption by pigments in large (modular) assemblies of pigment-binding proteins, which then transfer excitation energy to the photosynthetic reaction centers of photosystem (PS) I and PSII. In green algae and plants, these light-harvesting protein complexes contain chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoids (Cars). However, cyanobacteria, red algae, and glaucophytes contain, in addition, phycobiliproteins in phycobilisomes that are attached to the stromal surface of TM, and transfer excitation energy to the reaction centers via the Chl a molecules in the inner antennas of PSI and PSII. The color and the intensity of the light to which these photosynthetic organisms are exposed in their environment have a great influence on the composition and the structure of the light-harvesting complexes (the antenna) as well as the rest of the photosynthetic apparatus, thus affecting the photosynthetic process and even the entire organism. We present here a perspective on 'Light Quality and Oxygenic Photosynthesis', in memory of George Christos Papageorgiou (9 May 1933-21 November 2020; see notes a and b). Our review includes (1) the influence of the solar spectrum on the antenna composition, and the special significance of Chl a; (2) the effects of light quality on photosynthesis, measured using Chl a fluorescence; and (3) the importance of light quality, intensity, and its duration for the optimal growth of photosynthetic organisms.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
417. Limiting steps and the contribution of alternative electron flow pathways in the recovery of the photosynthetic functions after freezing-induced desiccation of Haberlea rhodopensis
- Creator:
- Georgieva, K., Popova, A. V. , Mihailova, G., Ivanov, A. G., and Velitchkova, M.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- alternative electron flow, chlorophyll fluorescence, cyclic electron flows, freezing-induced desiccation, and rehydration
- Language:
- Multiple languages
- Description:
- Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. is unique with its ability to survive desiccation to an air-dry state during periods of extreme drought and freezing temperatures. To understand its survival strategies, it is important to examine the protective mechanisms not only during desiccation but also during rehydration. We investigated the involvement of alternative cyclic electron pathways during the recovery of photosynthetic functions after freezing-induced desiccation. Using electron transport inhibitors, the role of PGR5-dependent and NDH-dependent PSI-cyclic electron flows and plastid terminal oxidase were assessed during rehydration of desiccated leaves. Recovery of PSII and PSI, the capacity of PSI-driven cyclic electron flow, the redox state of plastoquinone pool, and the intersystem electron pool were analyzed. Data showed that the effect of alternative flows is more pronounced in the first hours of rehydration. In addition, the NDH-dependent cyclic pathway played a more determining role in the recovery of PSI than in the recovery of PSII.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
418. Lion-tailed macaques show a stable direction and reinforcement of hand preference in simple reaching tasks over several years
- Creator:
- Kuběnová, Barbora, Lhota, Stanislav, Tomanová, Veronika, Blažek, Vladimír, and Konečná, Martina
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- handedness, hand use, laterality, unimanual behaviour, and Macaca silenus
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Research on hand preference in non-human primates provides information about the evolutionary origin of population-level bias of human handedness. Human hand preference has been shown to remain stable throughout an individual's lifespan. However, the stability of hand preference and its change with age in non-human primates remains questionable. We recorded hand use in lion-tailed macaques (Macaca silenus) during simple reaching tasks in three time periods over six years. We tested the effect of age and body posture on the direction and strength of hand preference in 23 observed individuals. In a subsample of 13 individuals followed for two or three subsequent time periods, we assessed the stability of hand preference across study periods. The direction of hand preference was highly stable; we detected no individuals changing from a left- to right-, or right- to left- preference and repeated quantitative measures of hand preference were correlated among subsequent study periods. Hand preference was, however, reinforced in older individuals and an individual's hand preference was stronger in postures with both hands free for foraging. Stable hand preference at an individual level, and its reinforcement over an individual's lifetime, is emerging as a robust finding across the primate order.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
419. Literárněvědná bohemistika a ÚČL
- Creator:
- Piorecká, Kateřina, Janáček, Pavel, and Ústav pro českou literaturu (Akademie věd ČR)
- Publisher:
- Středisko společných činností AV ČR, v.v.i., pro Ústav pro českou literaturu AV ČR, v.v.i
- Format:
- electronic, electronic resource, remote, bez média, online zdroj, and 15 stran : ilustrace, některé barevné, portréty
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Literatura. Literární život, Ústav pro českou literaturu (Akademie věd ČR), 20.-21. století, literární věda, bohemistika, literary studies, Bohemistic studies, Česko, Czechia, 82.0, 80(=162.3)+908(437.3), (437.3), (036), 11, and 82
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Kateřina Piorecká a Pavel Janáček., Obsahuje bibliografii, and born digital
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
420. Literární historie, sémiotika, fikce - inspirace dílem Vladimíra Macury (1945-1999): 8. ročník studentské literárněvědné konference : Ústav pro českou literaturu AV ČR, Praha, 29. a 30. dubna 2009
- Creator:
- Fedrová, Stanislava, Jedličková, Alice, Malínek, Vojtěch, Ústav pro českou literaturu (Akademie věd ČR), and Literární historie, sémiotika, fikce - inspirace dílem Vladimíra Macury (2009 : Praha, Česko)
- Publisher:
- Ústav pro českou literaturu AV ČR, v.v.i
- Format:
- electronic, electronic resource, remote, bez média, online zdroj, and 1 online zdroj (146 stran) : ilustrace.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Literatura (teorie), Macura, Vladimír, 1945-1999, literární inspirace, fikce, literární teorie, emblémy, literární historie, literary inspiration, fiction, literary theory, emblems, literary history, 82.091, 82-3, 82.0, 003.628+7.045, 82(091), (062.534), and 11
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- edičně připravila Stanislava Fedrová, Alice Jedličková a Vojtěch Malínek. and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public