Objectives. In recent years, interpersonal forgiveness has become a focus in psychology research. The Enright Forgiveness Inventory-30 (EFI-30) was developed to assess situational forgiveness toward someone who has hurt us deeply and unjustly. The goal of this study is to validate the Slovak version of the EFI-30, which was translated by the authors, on a representative sample of the Slovak population (in terms of gender and age).Sample and settings. Data were collected on a representative Slovak sample (n=1209 participants: 50.4% women and 49.6% men) in the productive age from 18 to 65 years (M=41.22, SD=12.78).Statistical analyses. The data obtained from the 30-item scale were subjected to a factor analysis using the Maximum Likelihood method. The internal consistency of the subscales and the EFI-30 was measured. Criterion validity was assessed by correlations with the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory–18-Item Version and the Forgiveness of Others subscale from the Heartland Forgiveness Scale. Construct validity was assessed by correlations with well-being, happiness, depression, anxiety, and anger.Results. Items relating to the affective, behavioral, and cognitive dimensions of forgiveness were saturated with a single common factor. The short pseudo-forgiveness subscale formed a specific factor that correlated negatively with forgiveness. The EFI-30 results obtained by persons scoring high on the pseudo-forgiveness scale were therefore excluded from the analysis. The questionnaire had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α>0.9), good criterion validity (high correlations with other forgiveness scales) and good construct validity (positive relationships with well-being and happiness, negative ones with anxiety, depression, and anger). and Ciele. Vedecká psychológia sa posledné roky čo-raz viac zameriava na skúmanie interpersonálneho odpustenia. Enrightov dotazník odpustenia-30 (EFI-30) bol vytvorený s cieľom hodnotenia situačného odpustenia človeku, ktorý nás hlboko a nespravodlivo zranil. Cieľom tejto štúdie je overiť slovenskú verziu EFI-30 na reprezentatívnom súbore slovenskej populácie (z hľadiska pohlavia a veku).Výskumný súbor. Údaje boli zozbierané na reprezentatívnom súbore slovenskej populácie (n == 1209 participantov: 50,4 % žien a 49,6 % mužov) v produktívnom veku od 18 do 65 rokov (M = 41,22, SD = 12,78).Štatistické analýzy. Údaje získané pomocou 30-položkovej škály boli podrobené faktorovej analýze metódou Maximum Likelihood. Reliabilita subškál i celej škály EFI-30 bola overená výpočtom koeficientov vnútornej konzistencie. Kritériová validita bola hodnotená koreláciami so škálou Interpersonálnych motivácií súvisiacich s previnením-18 a subškálou odpustenia druhým z Heartlandského dotazníka odpustenia. Konštruktová validita škály bola hodnotená koreláciami so škálami zameranými na hodnotenie subjektívnej pohody, šťastia, depresie, úzkosti a hnevu.Výsledky. Položky týkajúce sa afektívnej, behaviorálnej a kognitívnej dimenzie odpustenia sú sýtené jedným spoločným faktorom. Krátka subškála pseudoodpustenia tvorí špecifický faktor, ktorý s odpustením koreluje negatívne. Výsledky EFI-30 získané participantmi s vysokým skóre pseudoodpustenia boli preto z analýzy vylúčené. Dotazník má vysokú vnútornú konzistenciu (Cronbachova α > 0,9), dobrú kritériovú validitu (vysoké korelácie s inými škálami na meranie odpustenia) i konštruktovú validitu (pozitívne vzťahy so subjektívnou pohodou a šťastím, negatívne vzťahy s úzkosťou, depresiou a hnevom).
The concept of decent minimum of health care is broadly discussed in foreign countries. In the Czech Republic, nevertheless, the concept of decent minimum of health care is practically unknown. Although there is general agreement that health, in its definition of complete physical, mental and social well-being, is fundamental to a dignified human life, the extent of health care that meets the criterion of a decent minimum of health care necessary to ensure a dignified human life is the subject of professional debate. This article critically evaluates the arguments for the implementation of the concept of a decent minimum of health care into current legislation of the Czech Republic. and Slušné minimum zdravotní péče je v zahraničních státech široce diskutované téma. V prostředí České republiky je však pojem slušného minima zdravotní péče prakticky neznámý. Ačkoliv panuje obecná shoda v tom, že zdraví je ve své definici úplné tělesné, duševní a sociální pohody fundamentální pro důstojný lidský život, rozsah zdravotní péče, který by splňoval kritérium slušného minima zdravotní péče nutného pro zajištění důstojného lidského života, je předmětem odborné debaty. Předkládaný článek kriticky hodnotí argumenty pro implementaci pojmu slušného minima zdravotní péče do platné legislativy České republiky.
In the context of food self-sufficiency, the River Senegal Valley has been undergoing profound environmental changes for several decades. Rice production has increased due to the development of vast irrigated perimeters, which has been accompanied by recurrent proliferations of rodent populations that are crop pests and reservoirs of zoonoses. The aim of our study was to determine the factors underlying these phases of increased rodent abundance over a ten-year (2008 to 2019) sampling period during the hot dry season (February-May). A total of 1,867 rodents of four species were captured, among which Arvicanthis niloticus and Mastomys huberti dominated. Our results showed that, during this season, rodent abundance (i) increases significantly with rainfall from the previous year, (ii) is higher in cultivated than in uncultivated plots, (iii) increases with plant cover, (iv) increases, for M. huberti, with the presence of open water. We showed that in an area that was first sparsely cultivated and then impacted by hydro-agricultural rehabilitation of irrigation and drainage infrastructure, the abundance of A. niloticus changed following this program, reaching the level of a nearby area that has been intensively cultivated for decades. Moreover, we showed that the proportion of adults among the captured individuals was lower in rice plots than in vegetable gardening fields and uncultivated plots. The breeding pattern of adult individuals was also affected by land use. Results suggest that uncultivated areas and vegetable gardening fields constitute refuge and breeding ground hotspots and would thus form a starting point for the invasion of rice fields. Following these results, we advocate for regular monitoring of rodent breeding and abundance patterns, with a special focus on these refuge areas, particularly during the hot dry season. We recommend implementing effective and sustainable science-based control strategies at national and community levels to keep rodent populations within tolerable limits.
In order to mitigate vineyard degradation, we study different soil management to obtain the most suitable practices. To study the effects of water erosion on vineyards, a rainfall experiment (58 mm h-1 for 30 min) was applied on Anthrosols in humid conditions to assess the impact of treatment (Tilled, Straw and Grass) and season (Spring and Summer). Higher bulk density (BD) and soil water content (SWC) were on the Straw treatment in the Spring period. Also, the Tilled and Grass treatment noticed higher mean weight diameter (MWD) and water-stable aggregates (WSA). In the Summer, BD, SWC and MWD were significantly higher on the Grass treatment. Higher values of time to ponding (TP) and time to runoff (TR) in Spring were recorded on the Grass treatment, Runoff was higher on the Straw treatment. Higher sediment concentration (SC) and soil loss (SL) were noticed during the Tilled treatment. In the Summer period, TP was higher on the Straw treatment, while TR and Runoff were higher on the Straw, SC and SL on the Tilled treatment. This study confirms the positive effects of grass cover and straw mulching as a sustainable agricultural practice in sloped vineyards of north-western Croatia.
Apoptosis plays crucial role in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis, as it limits further development of the disease. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of soluble total antigen (STAg) of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) on the apoptotic and anti-apoptotic pathways. PMA-activated THP-1 cell line was sensed by T. gondii STAg and the expression patterns of caspase-3, -7, -8, -9, Bax, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1 genes were evaluated. The results showed statistically significant concentration-dependent overexpression of both Bcl-2 (P-value < 0.0001) and Mcl-1 (P-value = 0.0147). The cas-7 showed overexpression in all concentrations (P-value < 0.0001). The cas-3 was suppressed in concentrations 100, 80, and 40 µg, but statistically significant downregulated in concentrations 10 and 20 µg. The Bax was suppressed in concentrations 100 to 20 µg, while it slightly downregulated 1.42 fold (P-value = 0.0029) in concentration 10 µg. The expression of cas-8 and -9 was suppressed in all concentrations. Our results indicated that T. gondii STAg downregulated and suppressed apoptotic and upregulated anti-apoptotic pathways. The upregulation of cas-7 in this study may indicate the role of T. gondii STAg in activation of inflammatory responses.
If any issue attracts the attention of the legal public in the area of judicial review of decisions of health insurance companies, it is primarily an inconsistent attitude of administrative courts to decisions on reimbursement of otherwise non-reimbursed health services pursuant to Sec. 16 of Act No. 48/1997 Coll. on Public Health Insurance. On the basis of suggestions arising primarily from the decisions of the Municipal Court in Prague and the Supreme Administrative Court, or possibly the Constitutional Court, this paper notes three areas of problems, namely the term decision of the administrative authority pursuant to Sec. 65 of the Code of Administrative Justice, participation in the proceedings for an action against a decision of an administrative authority, and finally a procedural succession. The purpose is not to give a definitive solution to these problems, but to contribute to the discussion with further arguments, and also to place the problem in the wider context of legislation and case law. and Poutá-li nějaká otázka pozornost právnické veřejnosti v oblasti soudního přezkumu rozhodnutí zdravotních pojišťoven, jde především o nejednotný postoj soudů ve správním soudnictví k rozhodnutím o úhradě jinak nehrazené zdravotní služby podle § 16 zákona č. 48/1997 Sb., o veřejném zdravotním pojištění. Tento příspěvek si na základě podnětů plynoucích především z rozhodnutí Městského soudu v Praze a Nejvyššího správního soudu, popřípadě též soudu Ústavního, všímá tří okruhů problémů, a sice pojmu rozhodnutí správního orgánu ve smyslu § 65 odst. 1 s. ř. s., účastenství v řízení o žalobě proti rozhodnutí správního orgánu, a konečně procesního nástupnictví. Účelem není podat definitivní řešení těchto problémů, ale přispět do diskuse dalšími argumenty, a také zasadit problém do širšího kontextu právní úpravy a rozhodovací praxe.
V této studii se autor zaměřuje na tři okruhy problémů, které pozoruje v oblasti přímé ambulantní péče o duševní zdraví v souvislosti s nemocí covid-19. Jedná se o problematiku: 1) neuropsy-chologických deficitů; 2) úzkostných a afektivních poruch; 3) psychotických poruch. K dosavadním přehledovým studiím z posledního roku se snaží doplnit pozorování z vlastní klinicko-psychologické praxe a upozornit na nutnost přípravy a dostatečné kapacity zdravotních služeb v oblasti péče o duševní zdraví., In this study, the author focuses on three areas of problems that are observed in the direct ambulatory care of mental health in connection with COVID-19 disease. These are the issues of: 1) neuropsychological deficits; 2) anxiety and affective disorders; 3) psychotic disorders. The author tries to supplement the previous overview studies from the last year with observations from his own clinical practice and draw attention to the need for preparation and sufficient capacity of health services in the field of mental health care., Martin Lečbych., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
The idea of the present study is to describe the spatially varying particle size distribution (PSD) along intact aggregate surfaces with the laser diffraction method (LDM) of four silty-loamy and OC enriched horizons of a Dystric Cambisol from the Uhlířská catchment (Czech Republic) with the laser diffraction method (LDM). Besides, the comparability of the LDM with the sieve and pipette method (SPM), the reproducibility, and the effect of pretreatment on the particle size distribution derived by LDM were analysed. The laser diffraction method enables rapid and continuous particle size distribution measurements with required sample amounts of 0.1–0.2 g for each measurement compared to 5–20 g for SPM. The LDM-derived PSD’s can be directly compared with the standardised SPM-derived PSD’s by using regression analysis with coefficients of determination (r²) between 0.83 and 0.93. Sample pretreatment following standardised proceedings indicates a better comparability between the particle size distributions of both methods. Besides, the highest coefficients of variation of up to 78.6 and therefore the lowest reproducibility were found for the unpretreated PSD of the AE and Bs horizon. Thus, limited evaluability and reproducibility of soil material enriched in organic carbon (OC), used in the current study, needs further analysis. For spatial analysis of PSD’s along intact surfaces of soil aggregates and profiles, spatial data interpolation by inverse distance weighting (IDW), kriging, and triangulated irregular networks (TIN) can be used for detailed measuring, mapping, and spatial extension of the sand, silt, and clay fractions at unsampled locations using a set of samples of known locations. The information offers the possibility of comparing and verifying data obtained by non-invasive midinfrared spectroscopy and Vis–NIR spectroscopy by spatial extension for given soil aggregates and profiles.
Cíle. V českém prostředí se nachází poměrně velká skupina osob se sluchovou ztrátou (v řádech desítek tisíců), pro jejíž diagnostiku jsou stávající neuropsychologické metody obtížně využitelné. Článek popisuje převod klasického neuropsychologického verbálního paměťového testu (AVLT) z běžné formy v mluveném českém jazyce – ČJ – do vizuální podoby (psaného českého jazyka – PČJ) a do vizuomotorické podoby (českého znakového jazyka – ČZJ). Soubor a metody. 60 neslyšících a nedoslýchavých respondentů bylo otestováno preferovanou formou AVLT (v psané či ČZJ verzi), jako kontrolní test byla použita metoda BVRT. Hypotézy. Autoři ověřovali funkčnost obou verzí, předpokládali, že výsledky respondentů budou odpovídat již existujícím výsledkům na základě kvalitativního porovnání s normativním souborem a známými trendy. Byla předpokládána korelace výsledků AVLT s BVRT. Statistické analýzy. Kvůli zešikmenosti dat byla použita neparametrická statistika. Upravené verze se neliší od původní verze a mezi sebou navzájem (p > 0,05), byl potvrzen vliv některých demografických proměnných, které odpovídají původním výsledkům (p < 0,05). Jednotlivé skóry AVLT se mezi skupinami signifikantně neliší (p > 0,05). Korelace AVLT-BVRT byla nevýznamná (Spearmanovo ró, p > 0,05). Výsledky. Pomocí testování byly získány výsledky neslyšících a nedoslýchavých osob v podstatě odpovídající normativním souborům. Tyto výsledky potvrdily funkčnost adaptovaných metod, mohou sloužit jako vodítka pro neuropsychologické testování. Adaptované testy lze využívat jednak jako behaviorální korelát k využití neurovědných metod (zejména fMRI), jednak jako metodu pro verbální paměťové vyšetření neslyšících a nedoslýchavých osob (důležité např. v kontextu diagnostiky kognitivních deficitů či poruch učení). Možnosti a omezení stávajícího výběru neuropsychologických metod pro neslyšící a nedoslýchavé jsou diskutovány. Limity. Limitem výzkumu tvoří z charakteru skupiny vyplývající nižší zobecnitelnost výsledků, nenáhodný výběr respondentů a samotná procedura testování; do budoucna se doporučuje pro konvergentní validitu zvolit jiný test, než BVRT. and Objectives. In the context of Czech cultural environment, there is a relatively large group of people (in the order of tens of thousands at minimum) with hearing impairment who cannot be examined by usual neuropsychological methods. This article describes the adaptation of a classical neuropsychological verbal memory test (Auditory Verbal Learning Test) to visual form (written Czech language – WCL) and translation to visuomotor form (Czech Sign Language – CSL). Sample and settings. 60 deaf and hard-of-hearing (HOH) respondents were tested by a version of AVLT (WCL/CSL) according to their preferred mode of communication, BVRT was used as a control test. Hypotheses. The authors hypothesized that both AVLT versions are functional, and that the results of the respondents correspond with the previously published norms. A correlation of AVLT and BVRT results among the groups was assumed. Statistical analysis. Due to the skewness of the data, nonparametric statistics were used. The adjusted versions do not differ significantly from the original version and from one another (p > 0.05), the influence of certain demographic variables was confirmed (p < 0.05). Individual AVLT scores did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). AVLT-BVRT correlation proved non-significant (Spearman’s rho, p > 0.05). Results. The obtained results proved the functionality of adaptations. The results of deaf and hard of hearing people that were obtained essentially correspond to the normative data. Adapted tests can be used both as a behavioral correlate for the use of neuroscience methods or as a method for verbal memory examination of deaf and hard of hearing people (for example in the context of diagnosing cognitive deficits or learning difficulties). The possibilities and limitations of the selection of neuropsychological methods for deaf and HOH respondents are discussed. Limitations. The research was limited by non-random selection and a smaller number and heterogeneity of participants and by the procedure of testing; in the future, authors recommend choosing a test other than BVRT to determine convergent validity.