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902. New data on the morphology and taxonomy of some spiruridan nematodes (Spirurida) parasitising fishes in Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Creator:
- Moravec, František, Chaudhary, Anshu, Ahmed, Mumtaz, and Singh, Hridaya Shanker
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parasitic nematode, Camallanidae, Procamallanus, Rhabdochonidae, Rhabdochona, Physalopteridae, freshwater fish, Poonch River, and South Asia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Adult specimens of five little-known species of spiruridan nematodes (Spirurida) were collected during occasional examinations of some fishes from the Poonch River in Jammu and Kashmir, India: Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) bilaspurensis Gupta et Duggal, 1973 in Mastacembelus armatus (Lacépède) (Mastacembelidae, Synbranchiformes), Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) indica Moravec, Scholz, Ash et Kar, 2010 in Crossocheilus latius (Hamilton) (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes), Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) turkestanica (Skryabin, 1917) in Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray) (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes) and both Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) hospeti Thapar, 1950 and Rhabdochona (Globochona) cf. chodukini Osmanov, 1957 in Tor putitora (Hamilton) (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes); besides these, unidentifiable physalopterid larvae were recorded from M. armatus and T. putitora. Their detailed light and electron microscopical studies revealed some taxonomically important, previously not observed features and made possible their redescription. Fourth-stage larvae of P. (S.) bilaspurensis and R. (R.) turkestanica are described for the first time. The latter is resurrected as an independent species. The following are considered to be species inquirendae: a total of nine poorly described species of Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916 from T. putitora in Balochistan, Pakistan, all listed in the monograph of Kakar et al. (2011), plus an additional 15 species of the genus reported from cyprinids and a catfish in the same region (Balochistan) by the same authors. Also three congeneric species from India (R. nemacheili Rautela et Malhotra, 1982, R. putitora Kaur et Khera, 1991 and R. tori Gupta et Srivastava, 1982) and one from Pakistan (R. charsaddiensis Siddiqi et Khattak, 1984) should be considered as species inquirendae due to their poor descriptions. The names of Rhabdochona putitori Anjum, 2013, R. indusi Soofi, Birmani et Dharejo, 2017 and R. sindhicus Soofi, Birmani, Dharejo, Abbasi et Ghachal, 2020 are invalid according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
903. New finding of melanic three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus in the Scottish Hebrides
- Creator:
- Smith, Carl, Zięba, Grzegorz, Spence, Rowena, and Przybylski, Mirosław
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- adaptive radiation, Gasterosteidae, intraspecific variation, machair, Pungitius pungitius, and speciation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Colour traits can be elaborated through sexual selection and have potential to drive reproductive isolation. Male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) express striking visual signals to attract choosy females during courtship, typically expressed as red carotenoid-based pigmentation on their throat and jaw during the breeding season, along with blue eyes and blue/green flanks. The extent and intensity of red colouration in males have been linked to fitness benefits to females, including body condition, parasite resistance, parental ability and nest defence. In some populations in the Pacific Northwest of North America, male three-spined sticklebacks express melanic nuptial colouration. In these populations, male possess black throats instead of red, and have dark or black bodies. Melanic males are associated with waterbodies that are red-shifted due to the presence of tannins, where the ambient light environment is dominated by long wavelengths. Here we report the first discovery outside North America of melanic populations of threespined sticklebacks on the island of North Uist in the Scottish Hebrides, on the northwest Atlantic coast of Europe. These populations are associated with a hotspot of stickleback morphological diversity and occur in association with red-shifted waterbodies.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
904. New fossil genus and species of Sinoalidae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea) from the Middle to Upper Jurassic deposits in northeastern China
- Creator:
- Fu, Yan-Zhe and Huang, Di-Ying
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- polokřídlí, fosilie, Hemiptera, fossils, Čína, China, Cercopoidea, Sinoalidae, Stictocercopis wuhuaensis, new genus, new species, Middle to Upper Jurassic, Daohugou, Yanliao biota, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A new fossil genus and species of Sinoalidae, Stictocercopis wuhuaensis gen. et sp. n., from the Middle to Upper Jurassic Haifanggou Formation at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, northeastern China is described, illustrated and its systematic position discussed, on the basis of four complete well-preserved specimens. The new genus distinctly differs from other sinoalids in having relatively complex wing venation and tegmen spots. The intra-specific variation in venation is also discussed. The new discovery increases the palaeodiversity of sinoalids in the early assemblage of the Yanliao biota from the Daohugou beds., Yan-Zhe Fu, Di-Ying Huang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
905. New information on morphology and molecular data of camallanid nematodes parasitising Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae) in South Africa
- Creator:
- Svitin, Roman, Schoeman, Anneke L, and Preez, Louis H. du
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitické organismy, hlístice, parasitic organisms, Nematodes, African clawed frog, parasites, Camallanidae, Camallanus, C. kaapstaadi, C. xenopodis, Batrachocamallanus, B. slomei, Procamallanus, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Three species of nematodes from the Camallanidae that are known to infect Xenopus laevis Daudin (Anura: Pipidae) were collected from several localities across South Africa. New data on morphology, partial 28S and cox1 genes, infection levels and distribution are presented herein. The most common species, Batrachocamallanus slomei Southwell et Kirshner, 1937, from the stomach and less often oesophagus, was found in eight localities. Camallanus kaapstaadi Southwell et Kirshner, 1937, also from the oesophagus, was found in two localities and C. xenopodis Jackson et Tinsley, 1995, from the intestine, at a single locality. New localities for both C. kaapstaadi and C. xenopodis provide a geographical range extension. Males of C. xenopodis are described for the first time herein. The existence of a left spicule in the males of both the species of Camallanus Railliet and Henry, 1915 is confirmed and measurements are provided. Although C. xenopodis is distinguished from C. mazabukae Kung, 1948 in the present study, we suggest greater sampling effort in other African amphibians to confirm the species status of the latter taxon. Finally, the new molecular data showed distant relationships between collected species of Camallanus and species parasitising fish and freshwater turtles., Roman Svitin, Anneke L. Schoeman, Louis H. du Preez., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
906. New insights in the mechanisms of impaired redox signaling and its interplay with inflammation and immunity in multiple sclerosis
- Creator:
- Michaličková, Danica, Šíma, Martin, and Slanař, Ondřej
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- inflammation, iron metabolism, oxidative stress, immunity, autoimmune diseases, antioxidants, and mitochondrial dysfunction
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to demyelination and axonal damage and resulting in a range of physical, mental or even psychiatric symptoms. Key role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of MS has been suggested, as indicated by the biochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples, tissue homogenates, and animal models of multiple sclerosis. OS causes demyelination and neurodegeneration directly, by oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA but also indirectly, by inducing a dysregulation of the immunity and favoring the state of proinflammatory response. In this review, we discuss the interrelated mechanisms of the impaired redox signaling, of which the most important are inflammation-induced production of free radicals by activated immune cells and growth factors, release of iron from myelin sheath during demyelination and mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent energy failure and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Review also provides an overview of the interplay between inflammation, immunity and OS in MS. Finally, this review also points out new potential targets in MS regarding attenuation of OS and inflammatory response in MS.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
907. New records of Philometra pellucida (Jägerskiöld, 1893) (Nematoda: Philometridae) from the body cavity of Arothron mappa (Lesson) and Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch et Schneider) reared in aquariums, with synonymisation of Philometra robusta Moravec, Möller et Heeger, 1992
- Creator:
- Iwaki, Takashi, Tamai, Kenta, Ogimoto, Keisuke, Iwahashi, Yuka, Waki, Tsukasa, Kawano, Fumi, and Ogawa, Kazuo
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Nematodes, aquarium fish, Tetraodontiformes, Japan, Australia, morphology, and 18S ribosomal DNA
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We encountered two cases of infection with large female nematodes of the genus Philometra Costa, 1845 in the body cavity of a map puffer Arothron mappa (Lesson) caught off Okinawa, Japan, and a blackspotted puffer Arothron nigropunctatus (Bloch et Schneider) caught off Queensland, Australia, both reared in aquariums in Japan. No morphological difference was observed between the nematodes from A. mappa and A. nigropunctatus. We identified the nematodes as Philometra pellucida (Jägerskiöld, 1893) based on their morphology. The sequences of the nematodes from both hosts were identical to each other (1,643 bp) and formed a clade with other 17 nematodes belonging to the genera Philometra and Philometroides Yamaguti, 1935 with high bootstrap value (bp = 100). It is the first time that the genetic data on P. pellucida are provided. Philometra robusta Moravec, Möller et Heeger, 1992 is synonymised with the former species.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
908. New records of Philometra spp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine perciform fishes off Florida, USA, including descriptions of two new species
- Creator:
- Moravec, František, Bakenhaster, Micah D., and Switzer, Theodore S.
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Parasitic nematode, Dracunculoidea, Perciformes, Gulf of Mexico, Warsaw Hole, Florida Keys, Special Management Zones (SMZ), Straits of Florida, North America, and biodiversity
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Recent examinations of marine perciform fishes from off the Florida coast in the Gulf of Mexico and Straits of Florida, USA, revealed the presence of the following six species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae): P. haemulontis sp. n. (males and females) from the ovary of Haemulon plumierii (Lacepède) (type host) and H. aurolineatum Cuvier (both Haemulidae); Philometra synagridis Moravec, Bakenhaster et Fajer-Ávila, 2014 (males and females) from the ovary and testes of Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus) (Lutjanidae); P. margolisi Moravec, Vidal-Martínez et Aguirre-Macedo, 1995 (male) from the ovary of Hyporthodus nigritus (Holbrook) (Serranidae) (new host record; probably a paradefinitive host); P. andersoni sp. n. (male) from the ovary of H. nigritus; Philometra sp. 1 (male) from the ovary of Rhomboplites aurorubens (Cuvier) (Lutjanidae); and Philometra sp. 2 (females) from the subcutaneous tissue of the anterior-most head sinuses of Hyporthodus niveatus (Valenciennes) (Serranidae). Specimens of species are described and illustrated based on light and (except for Philometra sp. 1) scanning electron microscopical examinations. Philometra haemulontis sp. n. differs from all congeners in the unique structure of the gubernaculum, whereas P. andersoni sp. n. can be differentiated from other gonad-infecting congeners parasitising the Serranidae by a combination of morphological features. Females of P. synagridis are described for the first time. Gravid females of Philometra sp. 2 are similar to those of P. morii Moravec, Bakenhaster et Fajer-Ávila, 2010, a subcutaneous parasite of Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes) (Serranidae) in the Gulf of Mexico.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
909. New records of philometrids (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine fishes off Australia, including description of four new species and erection of Digitiphilometroides gen. n
- Creator:
- František Moravec and Barton, Diane P
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- mořské ryby, marine fishes, Austrálie, Australia, Dracunculoidea, Dentiphilometra, Philometra, new taxa, Lutjanidae, Rachycentridae, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The following six species of the Philometridae (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) were recorded from marine fishes off the northern coast of Australia in 2015 and 2016: Philometra arafurensis sp. n. and Philometra papillicaudata sp. n. from the ovary and the tissue behind the gills, respectively, of the emperor red snapper Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier); Philometra mawsonae sp. n. and Dentiphilometra malabarici sp. n. from the ovary and the tissue behind the gills, respectively, of the Malabar blood snapper Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch et Schneider); Philometra sp. from the ovary of the goldbanded jobfish Pristipomoides multidens (Day) (Perciformes: all Lutjanidae); and Digitiphilometroides marinus (Moravec et de Buron, 2009) comb. n. from the body cavity of the cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus) (Perciformes: Rachycentridae). Digitiphilometroides gen. n. is established based on the presence of unique digital cuticular ornamentations on the female body. New gonad-infecting species, P. arafurensis and P. mawsonae, are characterised mainly by the length of spicules (252-264 µm and 351-435 µm, respectively) and the structure of the gubernaculum, whereas P. papillicaudata is characterised mainly by the body length (70 mm) of gravid female, extent of the oesophageal gland, size of caudal projections and the location in the host. Dentiphilometra malabarici differs from congeners mainly in the arrangement of circumoral teeth (in a single row), extent of the oesophageal gland and the absence of sclerotised teeth or protuberances on the oesophageal lobes in the mouth. Digitiphilometroides marinus has not previously been reported from fishes in Australian waters., František Moravec, Diane P. Barton., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
910. New records of philometrids (Nematoda: Philometridae) from marine fishes off Australia, including description of four new species and erection of Digitiphilometroides gen. n
- Creator:
- František Moravec and Barton, Diane P
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- mořské ryby, marine fishes, Austrálie, Australia, Dracunculoidea, Dentiphilometra, Philometra, new taxa, Lutjanidae, Rachycentridae, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The following six species of the Philometridae (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) were recorded from marine fishes off the northern coast of Australia in 2015 and 2016: Philometra arafurensis sp. n. and Philometra papillicaudata sp. n. from the ovary and the tissue behind the gills, respectively, of the emperor red snapper Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier); Philometra mawsonae sp. n. and Dentiphilometra malabarici sp. n. from the ovary and the tissue behind the gills, respectively, of the Malabar blood snapper Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch et Schneider); Philometra sp. from the ovary of the goldbanded jobfish Pristipomoides multidens (Day) (Perciformes: all Lutjanidae); and Digitiphilometroides marinus (Moravec et de Buron, 2009) comb. n. from the body cavity of the cobia Rachycentron canadum (Linnaeus) (Perciformes: Rachycentridae). Digitiphilometroides gen. n. is established based on the presence of unique digital cuticular ornamentations on the female body. New gonad-infecting species, P. arafurensis and P. mawsonae, are characterised mainly by the length of spicules (252-264 µm and 351-435 µm, respectively) and the structure of the gubernaculum, whereas P. papillicaudata is characterised mainly by the body length (70 mm) of gravid female, extent of the oesophageal gland, size of caudal projections and the location in the host. Dentiphilometra malabarici differs from congeners mainly in the arrangement of circumoral teeth (in a single row), extent of the oesophageal gland and the absence of sclerotised teeth or protuberances on the oesophageal lobes in the mouth. Digitiphilometroides marinus has not previously been reported from fishes in Australian waters., František Moravec, Diane P. Barton., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public