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392. Molecular assessment of kidney allografts: are we closer to a daily routine?
- Creator:
- Trailin, Andriy , Hruba, Petra , and Viklicky , Ondrej
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- kidney transplantation, gene expression, RT-qPCR, microarray, MMDx, and molecular microscope
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Kidney allograft pathology assessment has been traditionally based on clinical and histological criteria. Despite improvements in Banff histological classification, the diagnostics in particular cases is problematic reflecting a complex pathogenesis of graft injuries. With the advent of molecular techniques, polymerasechain reaction, oligo- and microarray technologies allowed to study molecular phenotypes of graft injuries, especially acute and chronic rejections. Moreover, development of the molecular microscope diagnostic system (MMDx) to assess kidney graft biopsies represents the first clinical application of a microarraybased method in transplantation. Whether MMDx may replace conventional pathology is the subject of ongoing research, however this platform is particularly useful in complex histological findings and may help clinicians to guide the therapy.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
393. Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium (Apicomplexa) in children and cattle in Romania
- Creator:
- Vieira, Patrícia Manuela, Mederle, Narcisa, Lobo, Maria Luísa, Imre, Kálmán, Mederle, Ovidiu, Xiao, Lihua, Darabus, Gheorghe, and Matos, Olga
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- telata, molekulární epidemiologie, calves, molecular epidemiology, Evropa střední, Europe, Central, Cryptosporidium parvum, man, GP60 variability, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- To investigate the transmission of species of Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1907 in Timis County, Romania, 48 isolates of Cryptosporidium coccidia from 11 children, 29 calves and eight pigs were characterised by molecular analysis of two loci (SSU rRNA and 60-kDa glycoprotein gene). Overall, 22 isolates were amplified and sequence analyses revealed that all isolates were Cryptosporidium parvum Tyzzer, 1912. Two subtype families were identified, IIa and IId. Subtype IIdA22G1 (n = 4) was the single C. parvum subtype found in children. Subtypes found in calves included IIdA27G1 (n = 8), a novel subtype, IIdA25G1 (n = 5), IIdA22G1 (n = 2), IIdA21G1a (n = 1), and IIaA16G1R1 (n = 1). Subtype IIdA26G1 was found in a pig. These results were significantly different from previous Romanian reports, as the five subtypes of family IId identified in this study were never identified previously in this country. Thus, cattle may be a source of Cryptosporidium infections for humans and the transmission dynamics of C. parvum in Romania is more complex than previously believed., Patrícia Manuela Vieira, Narcisa Mederle, Maria Luísa Lobo, Kálmán Imre, Ovidiu Mederle, Lihua Xiao, Gheorghe Darabus, Olga Matos., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
394. Molecular cloning and functional analyses of an adhesion molecule, neuroglian, in Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
- Creator:
- Yokoi, Kakeru, Kato, Yoshiaki, Suzuki, Masahiro, and Miura, Ken
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- motýli, můrovití, butterflies, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera, Mythimna separata, neuroglian, hemocyte adhesion, encapsulation, in situ hybridization, real-time quantitative reverse transcript PCR, RNA interference, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Insect cellular immune reaction, which generally includes phagocytosis, encapsulation and nodule formation, is achieved by hemocytes circulating in insect haemolymph. The shift of hemocytes from the normal phase to the adhering phase is an important process in the cellular immune reaction, which includes the attachment of hemocytes to foreign surfaces or other hemocytes via adhesion factors. Neuroglian is one of the adhering factors associated with encapsulation in Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster. Here we studied the localization of neuroglian (MsNrg) in Mythimna separata and its functional role in the cellular immune reaction. The distribution of MsNrg mRNA between hemocyte populations was determined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR and in situ hybridization, which revealed that MsNrg was highly expressed in adhering hemocytes, especially in plasmatocytes. Unexpectedly, the transcript was observed as well in non-adhering hemocytes, implying neuroglian has a function in non-adhering hemocytes. Moreover, we showed that the amount of MsNrg mRNA was not changed by injections of either biotic or abiotic non-selves. Fewer latex beads were fully encapsulated by hemocytes in larvae treated with MsNrg double-stranded RNA than in control larvae, but their ability to achieve phagocytosis and nodule formation remained unchanged by the MsNrg knockdown. These results indicate that the function of neuroglian in the cellular immune reaction is conserved in D. melanogaster and lepidopteran species, and neuroglian in non-adhering hemocytes could possess unidentified function., Kakeru Yokoi, Yoshiaki Kato, Masahiro Suzuki, Ken Miura., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
395. Molecular identification of morphologically similar microcercous cercariae of two trematode families, Paragonimidae and Troglotrematidae, concurrently found in the same snail species of the subfamily Triculinae
- Creator:
- Doanh, Pham Ngoc, Van Hien, Hoang, and Dung, Bui Thi
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- morfologie (biologie), morphology (biology), Vietnam, ITS2, digenean larvae, microcercariae, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Microcercous cercariae possess a very short tail and are produced by digenean species of several families including medically important species, such as members of the genera Paragonimus Braun, 1899, Nanophyetus Chapin, 1927 and Troglotrema Odhner, 1914. During our survey of cercariae of Paragonimus spp. in Vietnam, we found microcercous cercariae from ten (0.29%) out of 3,400 snails of Triculinae gen. sp. 2. They were morphologically and molecularly analysed for species identification. The molecular analysis, based on ITS2 sequences, revealed two distinct species: four specimens were identical to Paragonimus proliferus Hsia et Chen, 1964 (Paragonimidae Dollfus, 1939), and the other six specimens were closest to members of the family Troglotrematidae Odhner, 1914 and were temporarily named Troglotrematidae gen. sp. Morphologically, cercariae of the two species found in this study are similar to each other in their gross characteristics but can be distinguished from one another by subtle morphological details. The cercaria of P. proliferus has an I-shaped excretory bladder and does not have mucous gland cells. In contrast, that of Troglotrematidae gen. sp. has a Y-shaped excretory bladder and mucous gland cells. Besides, the redia of P. proliferus is elongate with a short intestine and contains 5-6 cercariae whereas that of Troglotrematidae gen. sp. is more round with a longer intestine and harbours 3-4 cercariae. Our results have shown the importance of the shape of the excretory bladder and the presence/absence of mucous gland cells of the cercaria as well as the shape and size of the redia, and its intestinal length as valuable taxonomic characters of intramolluscan trematode larvae. In addition, the finding of similar microcercous cercariae of different species in the same snail species suggests that careful attention to morphological details is required in the differentiation of Paragonimus cercariae and those of closely related species., Pham Ngoc Doanh, Hoang Van Hien and Bui Thi Dung., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
396. Molecular phylogenetic confirmation of Gnathostoma spinigerum Owen, 1836 (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) in Laos and Thailand
- Creator:
- Jongthawin, Jurairat, Intapan, Pewpan M, Sanpool, Oranuch, Janwan, Penchom, Sadaow, Lakkhana, Thanchomnang, Tongjit, Laymanivong, Sakhone, and Maleewong, Wanchai
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- genotyp, parazitické organismy, molekulární toxikologie, genotype, parasitic organisms, molecular toxicology, Asie jihovýchodní, Asia, Southeastern, ITS-2 rDNA, genotyping, parasitic nematode, fish-borne helminthoses, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We report the molecular-phylogenetic identification of larvae of the nematode genus Gnathostoma Owen, 1836 collected from a snake, Ptyas koros Schlegel, in Laos and adult worms from the stomach of a dog in Thailand. DNA was extracted and amplified targeting the partial cox1 gene and the ITS-2 region of ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that all five advanced third-stage larvae and seven adult worms were Gnathostoma spinigerum Owen, 1836. This is also the first molecular evidence of infection with G. spinigerum in a snake from Laos., Jurairat Jongthawin, Pewpan M. Intapan, Oranuch Sanpool, Penchom Janwan, Lakkhana Sadaow, Tongjit Thanchomnang, Sakhone Laymanivong, Wanchai Maleewong., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
397. Molecular screening for bacterial pathogens in ticks (Ixodes ricinus) collected on migratory birds captured in northern Italy
- Creator:
- Pajoro, Massimo, Pistone, Dario, Varotto Boccazzi, Ilaria, Mereghetti, Valeria, Bandi, Claudio, Fabbi, Massimo, Scattorin, Francesco, Sassera, Davide, and Montagna, Matteo
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parazitologie, parasitology, Migratory birds, tick-borne pathogens, Borrelia spp., Candidatus Rickettsia mendelii, molecular characterisation, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Migratory birds have an important role in transporting ticks and associated tick-borne pathogens over long distances. In this study, 2,793 migratory birds were captured by nets in a ringing station, located in northern Italy, and checked for the presence of ticks. Two-hundred and fifty-one ticks were identified as nymphs and larvae of Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) and they were PCR-screened for the presence of bacteria belonging to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Rickettsia spp., Francisella tularensis and Coxiella burnetii. Four species of Borrelia (B. garinii, B. afzelii, B. valaisiana and B. lusitaniae) and three species of Rickettsia (R. monacensis, R. helvetica and Candidatus Rickettsia mendelii) were detected in 74 (30%) and 25 (10%) respectively out of 251 ticks examined. Co-infection with Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia spp. in the same tick sample was encountered in 7 (7%) out of the 99 infected ticks. We report for the first time the presence of Candidatus Rickettsia mendelii in I. ricinus collected on birds in Italy. This study, besides confirming the role of birds in dispersal of I. ricinus, highlights an important route by which tick-borne pathogens might spread across different countries and from natural environments towards urbanised areas., Massimo Pajoro, Dario Pistone, Ilaria Varotto Boccazzi, Valeria Mereghetti, Claudio Bandi, Massimo Fabbi, Francesco Scattorin, Davide Sassera, Matteo Montagna., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
398. Morphological and attachment changes of Lamellodiscus theroni (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) during its post-larval development on fish
- Creator:
- Sánchez-García, Neus, Raga, Juan A, and Montero, Francisco E
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- anthelmintika, chronologie, anthelmintics, chronology, haptor growth, lamellodisc, sclerites, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Species of the genus Lamellodiscus Johnston et Tiegs, 1922 (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) are characterised by a complex haptor bearing many different attachment elements: two pairs of main hooks joined by medial bars, 14 peripheral marginal hooks and one or two lamellodiscs, formed by several overlapping sclerotised plates (lamellae). These haptoral structures appear gradually during parasite development and, therefore, attachment strategies vary with developmental stage. The main aim of this work was to study the developmental changes of Lamellodiscus theroni Amine, Euzet et Kechemir-Issad, 2007 under experimental conditions, with special attention to the gradual variations in attachment strategies and the pathological implications. Throughout the gradual development of the sclerotised structures, six developmental phases were distinguished in L. theroni: phase I, with only 14 peripheral marginal hooks; phase II, with main hooks (ventral and dorsal) formed; phase III, with ventral bar formed; phase IV, with dorsal bars formed; phase V, with dorsal and ventral lamellodiscs formed; and phase VI, adult stage with male copulatory organ formed. During development, parasites attach to different parts of the first and secondary gill lamellae and the mode of attachment changes from unspecific stage, i.e. based on piercing any flat gill tissue in the early stages, through an intermediate stage when ventral and dorsal main hooks are completely functional and parasites become restricted to the interlamellar space, and finally to the definitive adult attachment stage when lamellodiscs are fully developed. The timing of key events in the development of L. theroni was used to establish adequate intervals for anthelmintic drug administration., Neus Sánchez-García, Juan A. Raga, Francisco E. Montero., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
399. Morphological and molecular characteristics of adult worms of Gnathostoma Owen, 1836 (Nematoda) collected from domestic pigs in Dien Bien Province, northern Vietnam
- Creator:
- Tuyen, Nguyen Van, Lan, Nguyen Thi Kim, and Doanh, Pham Ngoc
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- morfologie (biologie), morphology (biology), Asie jihovýchodní, Asia, Southeastern, Gnathostomatidae, cox1, ITS2, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Gnathostomes are of interest because of their unique appearance and medical importance. Among 13 valid species of the genus Gnathostoma Owen, 1836 (Nematoda: Spirurida), two species, G. doloresi Tubangui, 1925 and G. hispidum Fedtschenko, 1872, are parasites of pigs but their larvae can infect humans to cause gnathostomiasis. In this study, we collected adults of Gnathostoma sp. from the stomach of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus Linnaeus) from Dien Bien Province, northern Vietnam. Morphologically, nematodes found here are most similar to G. doloresi with a slight difference in the spicules of males. In contrast, they are genetically distinct from G. doloresi and other species of Gnathostoma in both ITS2 and cox1 sequences. The findings of the present study suggest that specimens of Gnathostoma sp. found in Dien Bien are likely a new species and emphasise the need of further studies on the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationship of species of Gnathostoma. Special attention should also be paid to swine and human gnathostomiasis in Dien Bien Province, Vietnam and the neighbouring areas of China and Laos., Nguyen Van Tuyen, Nguyen Thi Kim Lan, Pham Ngoc Doanh., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
400. Morphological and molecular data for three species of the Microphallidae (Trematoda: Digenea) in Australia, including the first descriptions of the cercariae of Maritrema brevisacciferum Shimazu et Pearson, 1991 and Microphallus minutus Johnston, 1948
- Creator:
- Kudlai, Olena, Cutmore, Scott C, and Cribb, Thomas H
- Format:
- electronic, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- morfologie (biologie), sladké vody, morphology (biology), freshwater, larval stages, life cycle, rDNA sequences, Brisbane River, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Cercariae and metacercariae of three species of the Microphallidae Travassos, 1920 were found in snails and crustaceans from tributaries of the Brisbane River, Queensland, Australia. Specimens of Maritrema brevisacciferum Shimazu et Pearson, 1991 and Microphallus minutus Johnston, 1948, which have previously been reported in Queensland, were found as cercariae in the tateid gastropod Posticobia brazieri (Smith) and as metacercariae of M. brevisacciferum in the atyid shrimp Caridina indistincta Calman and of M. minutus in the parastacid crayfish Cherax dispar Reik. Combined analysis of morphological and molecular data, based on newly generated ITS2 and partial 28S rDNA data, linked cercariae and metacercariae for both species. This is the first report of the first intermediate hosts of M. brevisacciferum and M. minutus. Infections of another unidentified microphallid metacercariae, Microphallidae gen. sp., were found in P. brazieri and C. indistincta. The sequences of metacercarial isolates from both hosts were identical. The data on the Microphallidae from Australia and species that develop in freshwater invertebrates were examined in detail., Olena Kudlai, Scott C. Cutmore, Thomas H. Cribb., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public