Drought stress causes changes in vein and stomatal density. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) if the changes in vein and stomatal density are coordinated in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and (2) how these changes affect water-use efficiency (WUE). The results showed significant positive correlations between vein density and stomatal density when cotton was grown under different degrees of drought stress. WUE was significantly positively correlated with the densities of both veins and stomata. Stomatal pore area and stomatal density on the abaxial leaf side, but not the adaxial side, were significantly correlated with WUE, stomatal conductance, leaf net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate. In conclusion, coordinated changes in vein and stomatal density improve the WUE of cotton under drought stress. The abaxial leaf side plays a more important role than the adaxial side in WUE and gas exchange., Z. Y. Lei, J. M. Han, X. P. Yi, W. F. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
We study the presence of copies of ln p ’s uniformly in the spaces 2(C[0, 1],X) and 1(C[0, 1],X). By using Dvoretzky’s theorem we deduce that if X is an infinite- dimensional Banach space, then 2(C[0, 1],X) contains p2-uniformly copies of ln∞’s and 1(C[0, 1],X) contains -uniformly copies of ln 2 ’s for all > 1. As an application, we show that if X is an infinite-dimensional Banach space then the spaces 2(C[0, 1],X) and 1(C[0, 1],X) are distinct, extending the well-known result that the spaces 2(C[0, 1],X) and N(C[0, 1],X) are distinct., Dumitru Popa., and Seznam literatury
Mobbing (šikanovanie na pracovisku) označuje dlhodobé hostilné správanie na pracovisku, ktoré vedie k negatívnym dôsledkom pre mobbovaných zamestnancov, pracovný kolektív i organizáciu. Výskum v tejto oblasti bol doposiaľ orientovaný primárne na zisťovanie prevalencie a foriem mobbingu, avšak iba málo pozornosti bolo venovanej otázke, ako sa napadnutí zamestnanci voči mobbingu bránia. Cieľom tejto štúdie je zaplniť túto medzeru a prezentovať prehľad výskumných zistení týkajúcich sa reakcií zamestnancov zasiahnutých mobbingom, a to ako vo forme úsilia mobbing zvládnuť (copingové stratégie) a/lebo mu vzdorovať (stratégie rezistencie). Zároveň autorky v nadväznosti na paradigmatický prístup k mobbingu (Samnani, 2013) ukazujú, že coping a rezistencia sú skúmané v rámci troch odlišných paradigiem: funkcionalistickej, interpretatívnej a postmodernej. Diskutujú teoretické a praktické implikácie koexistencie týchto paradigiem a formulujú odporúčania pre budúci výskum., Workplace bullying refers to long-term hostile behavior at work, with highly negative impact on targeted employees, work collectives, and organizations. To date, workplace bullying research has predominantly examined prevalence and forms of bullying. In contrast, considerably less attention has been paid to the ways in which targeted employees defy bullying at work. The aim of this paper is to address this gap by presenting an overview of research findings regarding strategies used by targeted employees to cope with and/or resist bullying at work. Following the paradigmatic approach in workplace bullying research (Samnani, 2013), the authors also show that coping and resistance have been explored within three different paradigms: functionalist, interpretative, and postmodern. They discuss theoretical and practical implications of the coexistence of these diverse paradigms and offer recommendations for future research., Mária Vitková, Kateřina Zábrodská., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Some steps in the isolation method of photosystem 2 (PS2)-enriched partícles (BBY) influenced the Cu content of the finál preparation. In particular, the centrifugation at 10 000 X g ušed to remove starch after Triton X-100 treatment of the thylakoids, yielded starch-free BBY with a low copper content. This contrasted with the high Cu content of the starch-containing BBY. Differences in Cu levels of both preparations seemed thus to be related to the starch content of the sample. Four imidentifíed proteins were found in the starch fraction. They are probably new copper binding sites in the photosynthetic cell.
The goal of this study is to summarize the current knowledge on the effects of one of the essential metals, copper (Cu) on the reproductive system. The development of past four decades addressing effects of Cu on reproductive organs is reviewed. The most relevant data obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments performed on humans and other mammals, including effects of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on the reproductive functions are presented. Short term Cu admi nistration has been found to exert deleterious effect on intracellular organelles of rat ovarian cells in vivo . In vitro administration in porcine ovarian granulosa cells releases insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), steroid hormone progesterone (P4), and induces expression of peptides related to proliferation and apoptosis. Adverse effect of Cu on male reproductive functions has been indicated by the decrease in spermatozoa parameters such as concentration, viability and motility. Copper nanoparticles are capable of generating oxidative stress in vitro thereby leading to reproductive toxicity. Toxic effect of CuNPs has been evident more in male mice than in females. Even though further investigations are necessary to arrive at a definitive conclusion, Cu notably influences the reproductive functions by interfering with both male and female reproductive systems and also hampers embryo development in dose-dependent manner., S. Roychoudhury, S. Nath, P. Massanyi, R. Stawarz, M. Kacaniova, A. Kolesarova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants were grown over a 30-d period in nutricnt soiution containing concentrations of Cu varying from 0.002 to 6.25 g iit^, and ihen oxygen toxicity was investigated in the chloroplasts. The Cu concentration in the shoots increased with increasing levels of this metal in the nutrient soiution, whereas the Fe concentration decreased after the 0.05 g m'^ Cu treatment and the Zn concentration did not show any clear tiend. Catalase, glutathione reductase and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase activities decreased with increasing Cu levels. On a fresh mass basis, ethylene production decreased after the 0.05 g Cu treatment, whereas, on a chlorophyll (Chl) basis, it increased until the 1.25 g m‘^ Cu iTeatment. The chloroplast lipid peroxidation increased (on a Chl and lipid basis) between the 0.01 and the 1.25 g m"^ Cu treatment. On a fresh mass basis the concentration of chloroplastic digalactosyldiacylglycerol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, phospha- tidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol decreased, whereas, on a Chl basis, the concentration of the first two lipids sharply decreased after the 0.01 gm‘3 Cu treatment. Additionally, only a slight decrease was foiind in the concentration of phosphatidylglycerol with increasing Cu concentrations. Measurements of the linolenate hydroperoxide concentration in these acyl lipids showed an increase after the 0.01 g m'^ Cu treatment for the fnst two lipids as weil as an increase with increasing Cu levels for phosphatidylglycerol.
Mixtures of coal/waste tires, coal/waste plastics and coal/waste cotton were pyrolyzed in the laboratory pyrolytical unit built in IRSM AS CR Prague. Non-caking hard coal (mine Lazy) and its mixtures with some organic wastes were pyrolyzed in a quartz reactor inserted in a vertical tube furnace. The main product yields (coke, tar, gas and reaction water) documented exhibit entirely different influence of added waste. Results demonstrated that co-pyrolysis is meaning full in case of waste tiers and plastics. However, in case of co-processing with waste cotton (natural textile), the results are not promising., Vlastimil Kříž and Zuzana Brožová., and Obsahuje bibliografii