In July 2015, the 46th International Physics Olympiad was held in Mumbai, the capital city of the Indian state, Maharashtra. Members of the Czech team obtained three silver medals and two bronze medals. In addition, the Slovak team won one silver and three bronze medals. In this article a theoretical task set during the competition is presented, which deals with calculations of a nuclear fission reactor. and Filip Studnička, Jan Kříž, Ľubomír Konrád, Bohumil Vybíral.
At the beginning of the 20th century the task of reviewing all available literature across different scientific fields was initiated by professor Raýman, the general secretary of the Czech Academy of Emperor Franz Joseph for Science, Literature and Arts (CASLA). The first review for 1901 (in Czech language) appeared in the CASLA Bulletin during 1902. However, later, until the 1914 review, which was partially published in 1916, the reviews only consisted of physics reports. Usually, about five authors wrote the physical review covering different fields. Beginning in 1903, the review was also published as a separate book. The first 10 years of physical reviews referenced about 15 thousands papers from all available global literature., Jan Valenta., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Článek pojednává o českých kandidátech na vědecké Nobelovy ceny do roku 1959. Celkem bylo na tyto ceny nominováno šest českých vědců. Je obecně známo, že jedinou získal za chemii Jaroslav Heyrovský za objev a vývoj polarografie., The article discusses the Czech candidates for the scientific Nobel Prizes till 1959. In the period 1901-1959 six Czech candidates were proposed: E. Votoček and J. Heyrovský for chemistry, J. Heyrovský for physics, and J. Horbaczewski, F. K. Studnička, J. Wolf, K. Šulc and J. Heyrovský for physiology and medicine. Only J. Heyrovský received the Nobel Prize for chemistry (for discovery and development polarographic analytical method) in 1959, 25 years after the first nomination., Jiří Jindra., and Obsahuje bibliografii
During a study on parasites of fish from cenotes (= sinkholes) in the Yucatan Peninsula, the following cestodes and acanthocephalans were found in 581 freshwater fish of 15 species: the cestodes Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934, Bothriocephalus sp. (Bothriocephalidae), Nomimascolex sp. (Monticellidae), Proteocephalidea gen. sp. larv., Dendrouterina pa-pillifera (Fuhrmann, 1908) larv. and D. pilherodiae Mahon, 1956 larv. (Dilepididae), and the acanthocephalans Octospinifer-oides chandleri Bullock, 1957, Neoechinorhynchus golvani Salgado-Maldonado, 1978 (Neoechinorhynchidae), Polymorphus (syn. Arhythmorhynchus) brevis (Van Cleave, 1916) larv. (Polymorphidae), and an echinorhynchid larva. With the exception of B. acheilognathi, all tapeworms are found in Mexico for the first time; second-stage larvae of D. papillifera and D. pilherodiae from fish are reported for the first time.
The history of lasers at the Institute of Scientific Instruments of the ASCR in Brno (ISI) has begun 1249 days after the worldwide premiere of laser. The first to be put into operation at ISI was the He-Ne laser (16 October 1963). Highest attention was then paid to its further development making possible a large number of its applications. The He-Ne laser was followed by a ruby laser (4 March 1964), He-Cd laser (1970), and Nd:YAG laser (1973). The article presents all achievements concerning lasers at ISI accompanied by historic photos, their applications and routes to production at national companies. Nowadays many of these instruments and techniques are in use and are further being perfected, such as interferometric distance measurements with sub-nanometer resolution, methods of comparison of metrological etalons by femtosecond lasers, utilization of laser light for manipulations with micro-object combined with laser micro-spectroscopy., P. Zemánek, J. Lazar, O. Číp, L. Oprchalová, J. Kršek, D. Vavrouch., and Obsahuje bibliografii