Dna představuje heterogenní skupinu metabolických onemocnění, pro kterou je charakteristická tvorba a ukládání depozit krystalů natriumurátů v různých tkáních. V důsledku depozice natriumurátu ve strukturách pohybového aparátu se rozvíjí dnavá artritida, manifestující se akutními dnavými záchvaty a rozvojem chronické tofózní dny. Nejvýznamnějším ovlivnitelným rizikovým faktorem pro vznik dny je hyperurikemie, tedy patologické zvýšení hladiny kyseliny močové v séru. Dna, ale i samotná hyperurikemie, představuje významný nezávislý rizikový faktor zvýšené celkové a kardiovaskulární morbidity a mortality. U významné části pacientů s hyperurikemií a dnou jsou přítomna i jiná onemocnění a rizikové faktory provázející metabolický syndrom. Nezbytnou podmínkou pro úspěšnou léčbu dny je udržení sérové hladiny kyseliny močové pod hodnotou 360 μmol/l, rozpuštění usazenin natriumurátu v tkáních a zabránění jejich tvorbě. V léčbě chronické hyperurikemie se kromě nefarmakologických opatření využívají i léky snižující sérovou hladinu kyseliny močové, zejména inhibitory enzymu xantinoxidáza nebo urikosurika. Úspěšná léčba hyperurikemie může přispět ke snížení kardiovaskulárního rizika pacientů s hyperurikemií a dnou. <p align="">Klíčová slova: dna – hyperurikemie – kardiovaskulární riziko – kyselina močová – metabolický syndrom – terapie, Gout represents a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders characterized by production and deposition of sodium urate crystals in various tissues. The consequence of this deposition in musculoskeletal system causes gouty arthritis often presented by acute recurrent attack and development of chronic tophi. The most important risk factor is hyperuricemia which means higher level of acid uric in blood. Gout or hyperuricemia alone represents significant independent risk factor of all-cause and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Many patients with hyperuricemia and gout have risk factors typical for metabolic syndrome or suffer from other diseases. Maintaining the acid uric serum levels below 360 ?mol/l, dissolution of sodium urate deposits and prevention of their formation are crucial for successful treatment. In addition to the non-pharmacological approaches, medications as xanthine oxidase inhibitors or uricosuric agents are used for lowering serum uric acid levels in treatment of chronic hyperuricemia. The successful treatment may contribute to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. Key words: gout – hyperuricemia – cardiovascular risk – uric acid – metabolic syndrome – treatment, and Petr Němec
Cellular response to ionizing radiation-induced damage depends on the cell type and the ability to repair DNA damage. Some types of cells undergo apoptosis, whereas others induce a permanent cell cycle arrest and do not proliferate. Our study demonstrates two types of response of embryonic diploid fibroblasts WI-38 to ionizing radiation. In the WI-38 cells p53 is activated, protein p21 increases, but the cells are arrested in G2 phase of cell cycle. Some of the cells die by apoptosis, but in remaining viable cells p16 increases, senescence associated DNA- damage foci occur, and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity increases, which indicate stress-induced premature senescence., J. Cmielová ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
DNA repair is an active cellular process to respond to constant DNA damage caused by metabolic processes and environmental factors. Since the outcome of DNA damage is generally adverse and long term effects may contribute to oncogenesis, cells have developed a variety of DNA repair mechanisms, which operate depending on the type of DNA damage inflicted. At least 15 Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins interact in a common pathway involved in homologous recombination. Inherited homozygous mutations in any of these FA genes cause a rare disease, Fanconi anemia, characterized by congenit al abnormalities, progressive bone-marrow failure and cancer susceptibility. Heterozygous germline FA mutations predispose to various types of cancer. In addition, somatic FA mutations ha ve been identified in diverse cancer types. Evidence exists that cells deficient in the FA pathway become dependent on alternative pathways for survival. Additional inhibition of such alternative pathways is thus expected to result in cell death, creating a relationship of synthetic lethality. Identifying these relationships can reveal yet unknown mechanisms of DNA repair and new targets for therapy., T. Hucl, E. Gallmeier., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The view on this topic are presented in an interview with Vladimír Nekvasil, who is the president of the Council for Support of ASCR Participation in European Integration of Research and Development. At the Institute of Physics of the ASCR, he was Chairman of the Scientific Council (1994 and 1996), Attestation Commission (1994-1997) and the Commission for the Regress of Grievances. Since 1993, he has been a member of the Academy Assembly. He is also a chairman of the Advocacy Commission of ASCR for the doctoral thesis Doctor of Science (DSc.) in the physics of condensed systems. and Marina Hužvárová.
Among the semi-natural elements in agricultural landscapes, wildflower strips sown at field margins or within fields are potential habitats for the natural enemies of insect pests. As insects are sensitive to a variety of flower traits, we hypothesized that mixtures with high functional diversity attract and support a higher abundance and species richness of aphid flower visiting predators than mixtures with low functional diversity. During a field experiment, repeated over two years (2014 and 2015) in Gembloux (Belgium), aphid predators (i.e., lacewings, ladybeetles and hoverflies) were pan-trapped in five sown flower mixtures (including a control mixture, with three replicates of each mixture) of low to high functional diversity based on seven traits (i.e., flower colour, ultra-violet reflectance and pattern, start and duration of flowering, height and flower class, primarily based on corolla morphology). In both years, the species of flowering plants in the sown mixtures (i.e., sown and spontaneous flowers) were listed, and the realized functional diversity in each plot calculated. Over the two years, a high functional diversity was not associated with high abundance and richness of aphid predators. Moreover, ladybeetles, which made up the majority of the predators trapped, were more abundant in mixtures with very low or intermediate functional diversity at sowing, especially in 2014. We hypothesize that certain flowers, which were abundant in certain mixtures (and not in those exhibiting the highest functional diversity), attracted predators and were sufficiently abundant to support them. Our results present novel information that could be used for developing flower mixtures that provide effective ecosystem services, such as pest control., Séverin Hatt, Roel Uyttenbroeck, Thomas Lopes, Pierre Mouchon, Julian Chen, Julien Piqueray, Arnaud Monty, Frédéric Francis., and Obsahuje bibliografii