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5974. Ideální věk rodičovství v České republice a v evropském srovnání

Creator:
Klímová Chaloupková, Jana
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
sociologie rodiny, rodičovství, věk, výběrová šetření, analýza dat, sociology of family, parenting, age, sample surveys, data analysis, rodinné chování, reprodukční věkové normy, 316.356.2, 316.812.1-055.52, 316.346.3, 311.213.2, 303.7, (437.3), (4), 18, and 316.8
Language:
Czech
Description:
In this paper a comparison is made between the Czech Republic and other European countries regarding attitudes toward the ideal timing for childbirth. In 1990s there was a sharp increase in the postponement of the transition to parenthood in the Czech Republic. This development raises the question: Are normative beliefs in the Czech Republic regarding the timing of childbirth changing, and if so, are they becoming similar to the attitudes present in Western Europe? After a brief outline of the concept of age norms, beliefs regarding the ideal age of when to become a parent in European countries are explored using data from the European Social Survey 2006. In the final part of this paper there is a detailed analysis of Czech attitudes toward the ideal timing of the birth of the first child, using CVVM survey data from 2006, with a specific focus on cohort and educational differences. This research reveals that Czech attitudes toward the ideal age for mothers having a first child is intermediate between the patterns observed in (a) East European countries where the ideal is for a younger age, and (b) West European states where an older age preference is prevalent. In contrast, the ideal age for becoming a father for the first time in the Czech Republic is one of the oldest in Europe. Significantly, the proportion of the population that rejects age norms for reproduction exhibits little systematic pattern across Europe. Within the Czech Republic the survey evidence indicates that those who are less than 35 years old, and those who are most educated have a significantly older ideal age for having a first child than all others., Jana Chaloupková., 2 grafy, 6 tabulek, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5975. Identification and characterization of doublesex from the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera tau (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Creator:
Thongsaiklaing, Thanaset, Passara, Hataichanok, Nipitwathanaphon, Mingkwan, and Ngersiri, Lertluk
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
dvoukřídlí, vrtulovití, Diptera, Tephritidae, doublesex, Bactrocera tau, pumpkin fruit fly, sex determination, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The sex determination cascades in insects are diversified at the top of the cascade, where different primary molecular signals are employed, while at the bottom of the cascades, particularly the doublesex genes, are highly conserved. Here, we identified the doublesex ortholog (Btau-dsx) of Bactrocera tau, a pumpkin fruit fly, and found that Btau-dsx is composed of six exons and five introns with an additional short "m" exon located in the second intron. Btau-dsx is different from its orthologs in most dipteran insects: Its pre-mRNA is sex-specifically spliced to yield three (two male and one female) instead of two transcript variants. The two deduced proteins produced by the male-specific transcripts are a functional (Btau-DSXM1) and a truncated (Btau-DSXM2) protein, while the female-specific transcript produces the functional Btau-DSXF protein. These three proteins contain all conserved domains except Btau-DSXM2 which has no OD2 domain. The female-specific transcript is detected in both fertilized and unfertilized eggs and in both somatic and germ cells of the adult females, while the male-specific transcript is detected only in fertilized eggs and in the abdominal tissues and testes of adult males. The presence of the Btau-dsxM1 transcript in fertilized eggs at the early syncytium stage suggests that in XY embryos, the Y-linked M factor gene may function quite soon after fertilization to alter the splicing pattern of Btau-dsx pre-mRNA from the female-specific to the male-specific mode. Injection of Btau-dsxF dsRNA into recently emerging females can reduce the expression of vitellogenin (Btau-Vg) and causes some defects in the ovaries, indicating that Btau-dsxF works upstream of Btau-Vg., Thanaset Thongsaiklaing, Hataichanok Passara, Mingkwan Nipitwathanaphon, Lertluk Ngersiri., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5976. Identification and expression pattern analysis of chemosensory receptor genes in the Macrocentrus cingulum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) antennae

Creator:
Ahmed, Tofael, Zhang, Tian-Tao, Wang, Zhen-Ying, He, Kang-Lai, and Bai, Shu-Xiong
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, blanokřídlí, lumčíkovití, Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Macrocentrus cingulum, cDNA library, odorant and ionotropic receptors, expression pattern, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Macrocentrus cingulum is an important polyembryonic endoparasitic wasp that attacks larvae of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) and the European corn borer, O. nubilalis (Hübner). Parasitoids use antennae as the main sensory organ to recognize herbivore-induced plant volatiles as host searching cues. The antennal olfaction proteins, odorant receptors (ORs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs) are involved in olfactory signal transduction pathway as a sensory neuron response. In the present study, we constructed a cDNA library from the male and female antennae for identifying the olfaction-related genes in M. cingulum. For that, we sequenced 3160 unique gene sequences and annotated them with gene ontology (GO), cluster of orthologous groups of proteins (COG), and KEGG ontology (KO). Through the homology search, we identified 9 odorant receptors (ORs), 3 ionotropic receptors (IRs) and 1 odorant binding protein (OBP) genes from the cDNA library sequences. Additionally, the expression patterns of these ORs and IRs in different tissues (antennae, heads, thoraxes, abdomens, and legs) were demonstrated by RT-PCR. The qualitative gene expression analyses showed that most of the OR genes were more highly expressed in female than male antennae; whereas IRs, unlike ORs, were more expressed in various male than females tissues. We are the first to report ORs and IRs in M. cingulum, which should help in deciphering the molecular basis of olfaction system in this wasp., Tofael Ahmed, Tian-Tao Zhang, Zhen-Ying Wang, Kang-Lai He, Shu-Xiong Bai., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5977. Identification of microsatellite markers for a worldwide distributed, highly invasive ant species Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Creator:
Jan Zima, Lebrasseur, Ophélie, Michaela Borovanská, and Janda, Milan
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, blanokřídlí, Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Tapinoma melanocephalum, microsatellites, invasive species, homozygosity excess, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
Tapinoma melanocephalum is a worldwide distributed, highly invasive ant species. It lives in close association with human societies and its distribution is human-mediated in large measure. The geographical origin of this ant species is unknown, but its introduction in areas previously devoided of its presence can represent a threat to the native biota, act as an agricultural pest or as a pathogen vector. To investigate the genetic structure and phylogeography of this species we identified 12 new polymorphic microsatellite markers, and in addition, we tested and selected 12 ant-universal microsatellites polymorphic in T. melanocephalum. We genotyped 30 individuals from several islands of Micronesia and Papua-New Guinea. All 24 loci exhibited strong homozygosity excess (45-100%, mean = 86%), while the number of alleles per locus reached usual values (2-18, mean = 6.5), resulting in levels of expected heterozygosity much higher than observed. Based on several robust tests, we were able to exclude artefacts such as null alleles and allelic dropout as a possible cause of the observed pattern. Homozygosity excess might be a consequence of founder effect, bottleneck and/or inbreeding. As our sample population was composed of individuals from several distinct localities, the Wahlund effect might have contributed to the increased homozygosity as well. Despite the provisionally observed deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the newly developed microsatellites will provide an effective tool for future genetic investigations of population structure as well as for the phylogeographic study of T. melanocephalum., Jan Zima Jr., Ophélie Lebrasseur, Michaela Borovanská, Milan Janda., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5978. Identification of obligate C3 photosynthesis in Dendrobium

Creator:
Qiu, S., Sultana, S., Liu, Z. D., Yin, L. Y., and Wang, C. Y.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
fotosyntéza, vstavačovité, photosynthesis, orchids, C3/CAM intermediate plant, CO2 exchange, crassulacean acid metabolism, titratable acidity, δ13C value, Dendrobium, 2, and 581
Language:
Multiple languages
Description:
Dendrobium is one of the three largest genera in the Orchidaceae and is distributed throughout various habitats. We investigated photosynthesis in seven Dendrobium species and cultivars by comparing their leaf δ13C values, titratable acidity, and CO2 exchange in well-watered and drought-stressed conditions. In addition, the leaf thickness and mesophyll succulence index (Sm) were measured in well-watered conditions. Our results indicate that Dendrobium loddigesii is a typical obligate (or constitutive) CAM plant because the leaf δ13C values were -14.47 and -14.66‰ in both conditions, respectively. Others showed the leaf thickness of 0.31-0.89 mm and their δ13C values ranged from -25.68 to -28.37‰. These are not the CAM plants but they could not be classified as obligate C3 or C3/CAM intermediate plants. Dendrobium crepidatum and Dendrobium fimbriatum were further identified as the obligate C3 plants because the net CO2 uptake was positive during daytime and negative during nighttime in both conditions. In contrast, Dendrobium chrysotoxum, Dendrobium nobile, and D. nobile ‘V1’ and ‘V4’, showed no positive net CO2 uptake and low ΔH+ values during nighttime under well-watered conditions, indicating C3 photosynthesis. However, they showed the positive net CO2 uptake and large ΔH+ values during nighttime after drought-stress (21 or 28 days without H2O), indicating CAM photosynthesis. Therefore, these four species and cultivars were identified as C3/CAM intermediate (inducible or facultative) plants. In brief, obligate CAM, C3/CAM intermediate, and obligate C3 plant types all exist in the section of Dendrobium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the obligate C3 plants in Dendrobium, and these diverse photosynthetic pathways may explain their varied environmental adaptations., S. Qiu, S. Sultana, Z. D. Liu, L. Y. Yin, C. Y. Wang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5979. Identification of pseudo-nodal points on the basis precise leveling campaigns data and GNSS

Creator:
Bednarczyk, Michal, Kowalczyk, Kamil, and Kowalczyk, Anna
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
geodynamika, geomechanika, geofyzika, geologie, satelitní navigační systémy, geodynamics, geomechanics, geophysics, geology, satellite navigation systems, hybrid models, scale free network, pseudo nodal points, 7, and 551
Language:
English
Description:
Four precise leveling campaigns has been carried out in Poland, and for several years there is a functioning system of permanent GNSS stations determining the height of network points. On the basis of these data, several variants of vertical crustal movements models have been developed (Wyrzykowski, 1987; Kowalczyk, 2005; Kontny and Bogusz, 2012). In order to develop a kinematic model of vertical crustal movements, one of the possibilities is an adjustment of the network formed simultaneously with the leveling data and GNSS stations data. The main problem is a need to identify fiducial points between the datasets. This problem can be solved by creation of coherent database containing attributes of both types of data and automatization of the joint point identification process. The article shows the results of such identification process, depending on the amount of data, on the example of the area of Poland. and Bednarczyk Michal, Kowalczyk Kamil, Kowalczyk Anna.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5980. Identification of surface proteins of trophic and cyst forms of Blastocystis hominis by biotin labeling

Creator:
Villar, Joaquin, Carbajal, José-Antonio, Lanuza, Maria-Desamparados, Navarro, Maria-Rosa, and Borrás, Rafael
Format:
print
Type:
model:internalpart and TEXT
Subject:
Blastocystis hominis, surface proteins, biotin labeling, trophic forms, and cyst forms
Language:
English
Description:
he surface proteins of trophic (vacuolar and ameboid forms) and cyst forms of two axcnic Blastocystis hominis Brumpt, 1912 isolates were studied. The surface proteins of both forms were biotin-labeled and the soluble proteins from unlabeied and biolin-labcled cells were clcctrophoresed in 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels under reducing conditions. The clcctrophoresed proteins from biolinylated cells were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and the avidin-peroxidase-labeled complex was used to identify the surface proteins. In trophic forms, 26 of the 38 soluble proteins, with MW ranging between 30 and >200 kDa, were identified as surface proteins. In cyst forms, 15 of Ihe 29 soluble proteins, with MW ranging between 30 and 193 kDa, were considered as located on the surface of cysts. The comparative analysis of surface protein profiles of both forms showed the presence of a common pattern, composed of 13 bands, and the characteristic proteins of trophic (36, 44, 46, 51, 70, 74, 76, 92, 98, 101, 166, 176 and >200 kDa) and cyst forms (42 and 193 kDa).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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