This paper is dealing with a detection of ground water flow in a granite massif. The flow was studied between boreholes of a testing polygon situated in a granite quarry. So called cross-hole (C-H) tests were used to detect fracture based connection between the boreholes. The tests were proceeded in steady-state ground water flow conditions. There were TV cameras used to detect a uranine tracer. The cameras were equipped by an orange filter and well defined blue light. A geometrical model of the fracture system in the area of interest was proposed according to C-H tests data. A hydrogeological model was calibrated using the very same data. Results pointed out subhorizontal fracture connection between the boreholes. Main advantages of the TV camera usage are possibil ities of accurate localization onto a structure, an immediate detection of tracer onset time and a continual data record., Karel Sosna, Milan Brož, Michal Vaněček and Michal Polák., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
a1_In the present study, the effect of the medial septal (MS) lesions on exploratory activity in the open field and the spatial and object recognition memory has been investigated. This experiment compares three types of MS lesions: electrolytic lesions that destroy cells and fibers of passage, neurotoxic -ibotenic acid lesions that spare fibers of passage but predominantly affect the septal noncholinergic neurons, and immunotoxin - 192 IgG -saporin infusions that only eliminate cholinergic neurons. The main results are: the MS electrolytic lesioned rats were impaired in habituat ing to the environment in the repeated spatial environment, but rats with immuno - or neurotoxic lesions of the MS did not differ from control ones; the MS electrolytic and ibotenic acid lesioned rats showed an increase in their exploratory activity to the objects and were impaired in habituating to the objects in the repeated spatial environment; rats with immunolesions of the MS did not differ from control rats; electrolytic lesions of the MS disrupt spatial recognition memory; rats with immuno - or neurotoxic lesions of the MS were normal in detecting spatial novelty; all of the MS - lesioned and control rats clearly reacted to the object novelty by exploring the new object more than familiar ones. Results observed across lesion techniques indicate that: (i) the deficits after nonselective damage of MS are limited to a subset of cognitive processes dependent on the hippocampus, (ii) MS is substantial for spatial, but not for object recognition memory - the object recognition memory can be supported outside the septohippocampal system; (iii) the selective loss of septohippocampal cholinergic or noncholinergic projections does not disrupt the function of the hippocampus to a sufficient extent to impair spatial recognition memory;, a2_(iv) there is dissociation between the two major components (cholinergic and noncholinergic) of the septohippocampal pathway in exploratory behavior assessed in the open field - the memory exhibited by decrements in exploration of repeated object presentations is affected by either electr olytic or ibotenic lesions, but not saporin., M. G. Dashniani, M. A. Burjanadze, T. L. Naneishvili, N. C. Chkhikvishvili, G. V. Beselia, L. B. Kruashvili, N. O. Pochkhidze, M. R. Chighladze., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS) has contributed to the success of the Czech pavilion at the World EXPO 2015 in Milan, the motto of which is: Feeding the Planet: Energy for Life. The motto was also reflected in the nine Days of Czech Science, held in early July under the partnership of the Joint Research Centre in Ispra. Several institutes of the CAS presented results of their most recent discoveries. The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, among others, displayed its research aimed at seeking new human medications for lifestyle diseases and showed, for instance, a human cell as a miniature “chemical plant” in which thousands of actions bring about the healthy functioning of an organism. The institute also prepared an exhibition entitled Czech Science fighting viruses, which also introduced one of the protagonists in this field, outstanding Czech scientist Antonín Holý.One of the Czech lecturers who addressed the audience both at the EXPO and in Ispra was Lenka Maletínská. She focused on the potential role of modified neuropeptides in the fight against obesity, which is also explained in the article by Lenka Maletínská and Jaroslav Kuneš in this edition. and Marina Hužvárová.
We consider inequalities between sums of monomials that hold for all p-Newton sequences. This continues recent work in which inequalities between sums of two, two-term monomials were combinatorially characterized (via the indices involved). Our focus is on the case of sums of three, two-term monomials, but this is very much more complicated. We develop and use a theory of exponential polynomial inequalities to give a sufficient condition for general monomial sum inequalities, and use the sufficient condition in two ways. The sufficient condition is necessary in the case of sums of two monomials but is not known if it is for sums of more. A complete description of the desired inequalities is given for Newton sequences of less than 5 terms., Charles R. Johnson, Carlos Marijuán, Miriam Pisonero, Michael Yeh., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
It is known that psychostimulants including methamphetamine (MA) have neurotoxic effect, especially, if they are targeting CNS during its critical periods of development. The present study was aimed on evaluation of cognitive changes following scheduled prenatal MA exposure in combination with long-term exposure in adulthood of male rats. Two periods of gestation were targeted: 1st half - the embryonic day (ED) 1-11 and 2nd half - ED 12-22. Rat mothers received subcutaneously a daily injection of MA (5 mg/kg) or saline (SAL, 1 ml/kg) throughout scheduled periods. Male offspring were tested for cognitive changes in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) in adulthood. Each day of the experiment animals received an injection of MA (1 mg/kg) or SAL (1 ml/kg) during 12 days. Our results demonstrated that in the group of animals exposed to the drug during ED 1-11, neither prenatal MA exposure, nor adult MA treatment changed the performance in the MWM test. Only the velocity was increased in group with long-term MA treatment (SAL/MA and MA/MA). In the group of animals exposed to the drug during ED 12-22, rats exposed to MA prenatally and also in adulthood (MA/MA) swam faster but learned the position of the platform slower in the Place Navigation Test than animals exposed to SAL in adulthood (MA/SAL). In the Probe Test, MA/SAL had decreased velocity and swam shorter distance than MA/MA or SAL/SAL rats suggesting increased floating of these animals. In the Memory Retention Test, SAL/MA rats swam shorter distance than SAL/SAL or MA/MA animals suggesting changes in used strategies in memory recall. As conclusion, our results suggest differences in the effect of combination of prenatal and adult exposure to MA. These effects further depend on the stage of CNS development and schedule of MA exposure affecting intrauterine development in male rats., I. Hrebíčková, M. Malinová-Ševčíková, E. Macúchová, K. Nohejlová, R. Šlamberová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Cíle. Studie se zabývá antisociálním chováním dětí z městských oblastí, jeho typologií a vztahem k expozici komunitního násilí a školní šikany. Soubor a metoda. Soubor tvořili adolescenti účastnící se mezinárodního projektu SAHA, který se zaměřil na rizikové a protektivní faktory psychosociálního vývoje dětí a dospívajících. Soubor tvořili dvanáctiletí a čtrnáctiletí studenti ze 13 krajských měst; 2973 osob (53 % dívek, průměrný věk 13,5, SD = 1,1): kohortu dvanác-tiletých tvořilo 1447 adolescentů – 54 = dívek; kohortu čtrnáctiletých tvořilo 1526 adolescentů – 53 = dívek. Ke zkoumání antisociálního chování, expozice násilí a školní šikany jsme použili škály z metody SAHA. Hypotéza. Vytvořené empirické typy osob s různou mírou projevů antisociálního chování se budou odlišovat z hlediska jak školní šikany, tak expozice násilí, typy s vyšší mírou projevů antisociálního chování budou ve vyšší míře vystaveny násilí a v nižší míře budou objektem šikany. Statistická analýza. Nehierarchickou shlukovou analýzou na položkách škály antisociálního chování jsme identifikovali 4 typy. Tyto typy jsme porovnali ve vztahu k expozici násilí a školní šikaně (Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn post-hoc test). Výsledky. Byl nalezen vztah mezi expozicí násilí (komunitní i šikana) a typem chování (expozice násilí jako svědek (χ2 = 265,7; df = 3; p < 0,01); expozice násilí jako oběť (χ2 = 236,6; df = 3; p < 0,01); objekt šikany (χ2 = 263,4; df = 3; p < 0,01). Nejvyšší míru expozice násilí ve všech třech sledovaných proměnných uvádí typ osob s nejvyšší mírou antisociálního chování. Omezení studie. Nebyla zkoumána šikana i z hlediska agresora a tzv. kyberšikana., Objectives. The study deals with antisocial behavior of school children in urban areas, its typology and relationship to exposure to violence in the community and to school bullying. Subjects and settings. Participants were adolescents participating in international project The Social and Health Assessment (SAHA) that aims to assess risk and protective factors for psychosocial adjustment of children and youth. The sample consisted of 12 year-old and 14-year-old students from schools in 13 regional capitals. The sample consisted of 2.973 persons (53 % girls, mean age 13.5 years, SD = 1.1): 12 years old cohort consisting of 1.447 adolescents – 54 % of girls; 14 years old cohort consisting of 1.526 adolescents – 53 % of girls. SAHA was used to measure antisocial behavior, exposure to violence and school bullying. Hypothesis. Created empirical types of adolescents with varying degrees of antisocial behavior differ in violence exposure, types with higher levels of antisocial behavior are exposed to a greater extent to violence and lower extent to bullying as objects. Statistical analysis. Non-hierarchical cluster analysis (k-means) to identify four types of antisocial behavior. Types comparision in violence exposure and bullying (Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn post-hoc tests). Results. Authors found relationships between exposure to violence (community and bullying) and the type of behavior (exposure to violence as a witness (χ2 = 265.7, df = 3, p <0.01), exposure to violence as a victim (χ2 = 236.6, df = 3, p <0.01); object of bullying (χ2 = 263.4, df = 3, p <0.01). The highest rates of exposure to violence in all three variables have adolescents with the highest rates of antisocial behavior. Study limitation. Bullying from aggressor,s point of view and cyberbullying were not analysed., Veronika Sobotková [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury