a1_The emergence of cryptosporidiosis, a zoonotic disease of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract caused by Cryptosporidium Tyzzer, 1907, triggered numerous screening studies of various compounds for potential anti-cryptosporidial activity, the majority of which proved ineffective. Extracts of Indonesian plants, Piper betle and Diospyros sumatrana, were tested for potential anti-cryptosporidial activity using Mastomys coucha (Smith), experimentally inoculated with Cryptosporidium proliferans Kváč, Havrdová, Hlásková, Daňková, Kanděra, Ježková, Vítovec, Sak, Ortega, Xiao, Modrý, Chelladurai, Prantlová et McEvoy, 2016. None of the plant extracts tested showed significant activity against cryptosporidia; however, the results indicate that the following issues should be addressed in similar experimental studies. The monitoring of oocyst shedding during the entire experimental trial, supplemented with histological examination of affected gastric tissue at the time of treatment termination, revealed that similar studies are generally unreliable if evaluations of drug efficacy are based exclusively on oocyst shedding. Moreover, the reduction of oocyst shedding did not guarantee the eradication of cryptosporidia in treated individuals. For treatment trials performed on experimentally inoculated laboratory rodents, only animals in the advanced phase of cryptosporidiosis should be used for the correct interpretation of pathological alterations observed in affected tissue. All the solvents used (methanol, methanol-tetrahydrofuran and dimethylsulfoxid) were shown to be suitable for these studies, i.e. they did not exhibit negative effects on the subjects. The halofuginone lactate, routinely administered in intestinal cryptosporidiosis in calves, was shown to be ineffective against gastric cryptosporidiosis in mice caused by C. proliferans., a2_In contrast, the control application of extract Arabidopsis thaliana, from which we had expected a neutral effect, turned out to have some positive impact on affected gastric tissue., Andrea Valigurová, Radka Pecková, Karel Doležal, Bohumil Sak, Dana Květoňová, Martin Kváč, Wisnu Nurcahyo, Ivona Foitová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The maximum nullity over a collection of matrices associated with a graph has been attracting the attention of numerous researchers for at least three decades. Along these lines various zero forcing parameters have been devised and utilized for bounding the maximum nullity. The maximum nullity and zero forcing number, and their positive counterparts, for general families of line graphs associated with graphs possessing a variety of specific properties are analysed. Building upon earlier work, where connections to the minimum rank of line graphs were established, we verify analogous equations in the positive semidefinite cases and coincidences with the corresponding zero forcing numbers. Working beyond the case of trees, we study the zero forcing number of line graphs associated with certain families of unicyclic graphs., Shaun Fallat, Abolghasem Soltani., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
We give a classification of all linear natural operators transforming p-vectors (i.e., skew-symmetric tensor fields of type (p, 0)) on n-dimensional manifolds M to tensor fields of type (q, 0) on TAM, where TA is a Weil bundle, under the condition that p ≥ 1, n ≥ p and n ≥ q. The main result of the paper states that, roughly speaking, each linear natural operator lifting p-vectors to tensor fields of type (q, 0) on TA is a sum of operators obtained by permuting the indices of the tensor products of linear natural operators lifting p-vectors to tensor fields of type (p, 0) on TA and canonical tensor fields of type (q − p, 0) on TA., Jacek Dębecki., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Let M_{m,n} be the set of all m × n real matrices. A matrix A \in M_{m,n} is said to be row-dense if there are no zeros between two nonzero entries for every row of this matrix. We find the structure of linear functions T: M_{m,n} \rightarrow M_{m,n} that preserve or strongly preserve row-dense matrices, i.e., T(A) is row-dense whenever A is row-dense or T(A) is row-dense if and only if A is row-dense, respectively. Similarly, a matrix A \in M_{m,n} is called a column-dense matrix if every column of A is a column-dense vector. At the end, the structure of linear preservers (strong linear preservers) of column-dense matrices is found., Sara M. Motlaghian, Ali Armandnejad, Frank J. Hall., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The proposed linear particle accelerator, International Linear Collider (ILC) is currently being considered to be hosted in Japan, as the Japanese government is willing to contribute half of the cost. At the same time China plans to build its own large Circular Electron Positron (CEPC) near Beijing. In addition to introducing these two particular projects, this contribution attempts to summarize briefly the current situation in experimental high energy physics (HEP) in Asia., Tomáš Laštovička., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Článek poskytuje přehled druhů lingvistické deviace v poezii amerického modernisty E. E. Cummingse. Klasifikace jednotlivých druhů deviace (lexikální, gramatická, sémantická, grafologická) je převzata z Geoffrey N. Leeche. Přehled jednotlivých druhů deviace má působit prakticky s ohledem na překlad cummingse do češtiny. Závěrečné zhodnocení cummingse hodnotí jako lingvisticky novátorského básníka, jehož poezie je svěžím zdrojem studijního materiálu a inspirace pro lingvistu, literárního vědce i překladatele.
Článek se zabývá pragmatickými, logickými a systémově jazykovými teoriemi argumentace. Autor provádí komplexní argumentační analýzu na příkladě dvou projevů Václava Havla. Na úrovni langue rozlišuje invariantní argumentative význam a argumentative užití různých lexikálních jednotek. Článek se zabývá také problematikou kulturně vědecké analýzy argumentace a ukazuje, že různé diskursy vznikají prostřednictvím zvláštních argumentativních forem a užitím argumentativních lexikálních jednotek.
Obesity is linked to a wide range of serious illnesses. In addition to the important impact on the health of the individual, obesity also has a substantial impact on the economy. Disruption of physiological day-night cycles could contribute to the increased incidence of obesity. According to the American National Sleep Federation, the percentage of the people who reported a sleep duration of six hours or less increased from 12 to 37 % over ten years. Insufficient sleep leads not only to an increase of the total calorie intake but changes the meal preference in favor of palatable foods and meals with high carbohydrate content. A decrease of leptin and increase of ghrelin levels caused by sleep deficiency can also play a role. In addition to the higher caloric intake, the timing of food consumption should be taken into account. The same meal eaten during the night versus the day is associated with increased postprandial glucose and triglyceride levels. The gut microbiome has also been recently understood as an endocrine system, with links between the gut microbiome and circadian rhythm changes possibly influencing increased obesity., B. Rácz, M. Dušková, L. Stárka, V. Hainer, M. Kunešová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Lipasin is a recently identified lipokine expressed predominantly in liver and in adipose tissue. It was linked to insulin resistance in mice and to type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D, T2D) in humans. No metabolic studies concerning lipasin were performed yet in rats. Therefore, we used rat model of T2D and insulin resistance, Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, to determine changes of lipasin expression in liver and in white adipose tissue (WAT) over 52 weeks in the relation to glucose tolerance, peripheral tissue insulin sensitivity and adiposity. GK rats were grossly glucose intolerant since the age of 6 weeks and developed peripheral insulin resistance at the age of 20 weeks. Expression of lipasin in the liver did not differ between GK and Wistar rats, declining with age, and it was not related to hepatic triacylglycerol content. In WAT, the lipasin expression was significantly higher in Wistar rats where it correlated positively with adiposity. No such correlation was found in GK rats. In conclusion, lipasin expression was associated neither with a mild age-related insulin resistance (Wistar), nor with severe genetically-based insulin resistance (GK)., M. Cahová, D. Habart, T. Olejár, Z. Berková, Z. Papáčková, H. Daňková, A. Lodererova, M. Heczková, F. Saudek., and Obsahuje bibliografii