This article summarizes methodological procedures and data sources that are typically used in investigating the effects of family structure on the life chances of children. This study shows how these tools have developed over time and it is argued that the prevailing practice in Czech surveys is inadequate for stratification research because it does not reflect contemporary population trends; and can lead to seriously biased estimates. We propose new measurement tools that are appropriate for stratification research, and we appeal for their wider use in future surveys., Klára Čapková, Martin Kredil., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of this article is to present a trend in research on measurement error in survey data and to suggest some problematic aspects of this approach. The article describes the Multitrait Multimethod experimental design and its modifi cation into a 2 Split-ballot Multitrait Multimethod (2 SB MTMM), which is used for experimental data collection in the European Social Survey. The text shows how to analyze 2 SB MTMM data to obtain estimates of construct validity, reliability and common method variance for a single questionnaire item, and how to make use of these estimates. It also points to some problems encountered in 2 SB MTMM data analysis., Johana Chylíková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Saul Perlmutter ; přeložil Ivan Gregora.., V názvu v Alephu uvedena chyba - ve slově zrychlování - v Alephu chybně "zrychlení", and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Merleau-Ponty holds that Husserl's descriptions of the body go beyond the conceptual framework of subject-object ontology to which his philosophy is usually thought to conform. Merleau-Ponty says of is own philosophy that it is founded on the circularity in the body; that is, on the fact that the perceptivity and perception of the body are, from the ontological point of view, one and the same. The inseparability of these two aspects of the body he calls flesh (chair). According to Husserl, I perceive my body such that in a certain perceived object I also understand sensations roused by the perception of that object - I observe the "consequential parallel" between two series of objective and subjective phenomena. Husserl argues that the unity of the body should be expressed as a double unity, and the body as a subject-object. In this article I analyse Husserl's example of two hands of the same body touching each other and, in agreement with Merleau-Ponty's philosophy, I attempt to show that the body can appear to itself as an object only on the basis of a differentiation of the body as of a certain field of perceiving. The body as a double unity of subject and object is therefore grounded in the body as a pre-objective and pre-subjective field; that is, in flesh as Merleau-Ponty understands it. This is also the point of departure for and original conception of ontology as we find it in his later philosophy., Jan Halák., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
Zkoumáním, pozorováním a přemýšlením o Měsíci trávili lidé čas odpradávna. Přestože první člověk se po našem souputníkovi prošel již téměř před padesáti lety, naše chápání tohoto prostého prostředí je stále v počátcích a nedostatek experimentálních dat často doháníme počítačovými modely. Článek pojednává o našich představách o nabíjení měsíčního povrchu a také prachových zrnek na něm a nad ním., Watching and thinking about the Moon has been a popular subject for mankind for a long time. Despite the fact that the first human footprint on the lunar surface is more than fifty years old, our understanding of this rather simple environment is still poor and a lack of experimental data is often supported with computer models. The presented contribution deals with numerical simulations of charging of the lunar surface as well as with charging of dust grains attached to or levitating above the charged surface., Jiří Pavlů, Zdeněk Němeček, Jana Šafránková., and Obsahuje bibliografii