The Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis is an invasive insect in Europe and the Americas and is a great threat to the environment in invaded areas. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that non native species are resistant to many groups of parasites that attack native insects. However, very little is known about the complex microbial community associated with this insect. This study based on sequencing 16S rRNA genes in extracted metagenomic DNA is the first research on the bacterial flora associated with H. axyridis. Lady beetles were collected during hibernation from wind turbines in Poland. A mean ± SD of 114 ± 35 species of bacteria were identified. The dominant phyla of bacteria recorded associated with H. axyridis were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Representatives of these phyla are common in the environment, e.g. in the soil, and are often identified as the dominant bacteria associated with arthropods. We also identified animal pathogenic bacteria, such as Burkholderia, Rhodococcus, Chlamydiae and Anaplasmataceae spp. (Neorickettsia helminthoeca and Ehrlichia ovina). We also identified Wolbachia pipientis in a single beetle. This bacterium is a causative agent of reproductive alterations in arthropods. These results support the enemy release hypothesis in the case of this ladybird invasion. Pathogenic bacteria were recorded in only a few samples. Moreover, male-killing bacteria such as Spiroplasma spp., Wolbachia spp. and Rickettsia spp. were only recorded in single insects so they cannot be responsible for the observed alterations in the sex-ratio of the ladybird population studied., Krzysztof Dudek, Kinga Humińska, Jacek Wojciechowicz, Piotr Tryjanowski., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The concept of this project came about during the processing of a large number of photographs from the 19' century as part of the international project Resurrected Treasure Tools for Processing the Collection of Historical Photographs. In addition to an extensive collection of photographs, the holdings of the Documentation Department of the Institute of Art History of the ASCR also include a collection of old plans documenting alterations to buildings and parks in localities in Southern Bohemia associated with the Buquoy family (in Nové Hrady and Rožmberk nad Vltavou). This material, which had not been processed until now, is of exceptional interest because of the circumstances in which it came into being. It was evidently intended to be a systematic "documentation" of the changes that occurred in the Buquoy residences and the adjacent areas. which culminated around the middle of the 19") century. The project was implemented by a team of young researchers who examined several aspects of the theme of the Buquoy residences. and Martin Krummholz.
At first glance, the Israeli right might be regarded as a sort of monolith. Characterized by intransigence vis-à-vis the great powers (initially the British) and the Arabsalike and with iconic strongmen at the helm, both the post-independence Herut party and its interwar predecessor(s) clearly demonstrated to the outside world what Zionist maximalism stood for, particularly in terms of its political and terriotiral demands. on a closer look, however, many of the sought after parallels between the interwar Zionist right and the post-independence Israeli right are more imagined than real. in fact, not only were the particular groupings made up of different sets of players (often in opposition to each other), but their very worldviews differed, sometimes fundamentally. After all, the paramilitary groups from which the Israeli right developed had self-distanced themselves from any sort of reliance on political means or international guarantees, rejecting the very notions which had stood at the core of interwar Revisionism, the alleged forefather of the Israeli right., Jan Zouplna., and Obsahuje bibliografii
a1_Studie chronologicky navazuje na předešlou a usiluje o zachycení hlavních vývojových linií sociální politiky v Československu mezi roky 1956 a 1989. Žánrově v sobě spojuje naraci historicko-analytickou a pamětnickou, neboť autor se již od konce padesátých let minulého století kontinuálně podílel na teoretickém i praktickém utváření sociální politiky v mezinárodních institucích a Československu (třebaže v období takzvané normalizace se nemohl exponovat veřejně). Díky tomu, že především ve druhé polovině šedesátých let působil v akademické sféře a aktivně participoval na řadě akcí směřujících k zásadním reformám československého sociálního modelu, poskytuje zde cenný vhled „insidera“ do tehdejšího intelektuálního kvasu. Autor přehledně registruje důležitá sociálněpolitická opatření v napětí mezi dvojí tendencí, kdy na jedné straně se sociální stát stal nástrojem populistické politiky komunistické strany a vlády, současně byl však vystaven tlaku ekonomické reality. Zatímco po období přebírání sovětského modelu sociálního státu se s počátkem destalinizace začaly projevovat snahy o jeho rozvolnění a liberalizaci, které akcelerovaly v čase pražského jara 1968, v následujících dvou dekádách takzvané normalizace byly opět likvidovány a vystřídány návratem k napodobování sovětského vzoru. Za dominantní rys „normalizační“ sociální politiky (zvláště v sedmdesátých letech) přitom autor označuje takzvanou korporativizaci – tedy přenášení řady sociálních úkolů z beder státu na podniky, což ovšem ve svých důsledcích osudově podvazovalo efektivitu a rentabilitu výroby., a2_V závěru statě pak upozorňuje na projekty vznikající ve Výzkumném ústavu práce a sociálních věcí ve druhé polovině osmdesátých let, které se v mnohém uplatnily při transformaci sociální politiky po pádu komunistického režimu., b1_This article follows on chronologically from the preceding article published in the current issue of Soudobé dějiny, and seeks to identify and explain the main lines in the development of social policy in Czechoslovakia from 1956 to the end of the Communist régime in late 1989. It combines historical analytical narration and eye-witness recollections – for the author was continuously involved, at international institutes and in Czechoslovakia from the late 1950s onwards, in the theory and practical implementation of social policy (although in the period of re-established hard-line Communism, called ‘normalization’, beginning in 1969, he was unable to be publicly involved). Since he worked in academia, mostly in the second half of the 1960s, and actively participated in efforts to achieve a fundamental reform of the Czechoslovak social model, he can provide valuable insight into the intellectual ferment of the times. In this article he provides a clear overview of the important social-policy measures that were developed and implemented between two tendencies, in which the welfare state became an instrument of the populist politics of the Communist Party and the Government, while faced with the pressures of economic reality. Throughout the period of adopting the Soviet model of the welfare state, efforts began, with the beginning of de-Stalinization, to develop and liberalize it, and these picked up pace in the months of the Prague Spring of 1968. In the next two decades, however, these efforts were again eliminated with normalization and the return to the Soviet model., b2_The author calls the main feature of normalization social policy (particularly in the 1970s) ‘corporatization’ – that is, the transfer of a whole range of social tasks from the State to the state-owned enterprises, which, however, had the effect of fatally hampering the efficiency and the profitability of production. In conclusion, the author points to projects created in the Labour and Social Affairs Research Institute in the second half of the 1980s, which were subsequently useful in many aspects of the transformation of social policy following the collapse of the Communist régime in late 1989., Igor Tomeš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Stručný popis vývoje současného stavu tzv. superpočítačů,které se používaly a používají ve vědeckém výzkumu k modelování a výpočtům náročným na počet aritmetických operací a/nebo na velikost operačních pamětí., Jaroslav Nadrchal., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Reactive dicarbonyls stimulate production of advanced glycation endproducts, increase oxidative stress and inflammation and contribute to the development of vascular complications. We measured concentrations of dicarbonyls - methylglyoxal (MG), glyoxal (GL) and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) - in the heart and kidney of a model of metabolic syndrome - hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats (HHTg) and explored its modulation by metformin. Adult HHTg rats were fed a standard diet with or without metformin (300 mg/kg b.w.) and dicarbonyl levels and metabolic parameters were measured. HHTg rats had markedly elevated serum levels of triacylglycerols (p<0.001), FFA (p<0.01) and hepatic triacylglycerols (p<0.001) along with increased concentrations of reactive dicarbonyls in myocardium (MG: p<0.001; GL: p<0.01; 3-DG: p<0.01) and kidney cortex (MG: p<0.01). Metformin treatment significantly reduced reactive dicarbonyls in the myocardium (MG: p<0.05, GL: p<0.05, 3-DG: p<0.01) along with increase of myocardial concentrations of reduced glutathione (p˂0.01) and glyoxalase 1 mRNA expression (p˂0.05). Metformin did not have any significant effect on dicarbonyls, glutathione or on glyoxalase 1 expression in kidney cortex. Chronically elevated hypertriglyceridemia was associated with increased levels of dicarbonyls in heart and kidney. Beneficial effects of metformin on reactive dicarbonyls and glyoxalase in the heart could contribute to its cardioprotective effects., H. Malínská, V. Škop, J. Trnovská, I. Marková, P. Svoboda, L. Kazdová, M. Haluzik., and Seznam literatury