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9042. Microinjection of salusin-β into the nucleus tractus solitarii inhibits cardiovascular function by suppressing presympathetic neurons in rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats
- Creator:
- Lu, Y., Wu, Y. S., Chen, D. S., Wang, M. M., Wang, W. Z., and Yuan, W. J.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, neurony, physiology, neurons, salusin, medulla, baroreflex, presympathetic neuron, rat, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Salusin-β is newly identified bioactive peptide of 20 amino acids, which is widely distributed in hematopoietic system, endocrine system, and the central nervous system (CNS). Although salusin- β extensively expressed in the CNS, the central cardiovascular functions of salusin-β are unclear. Our main objective was to determine the cardiovascular effect of microinjection of salusin-β into the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) in anesthetized rats. Bilateral or unilateral microinjection of salusin-β (0.94-94 μg/rat) into the NTS dose-dependently decreased blood pressure and heart rate. Bilateral NTS microinjection of salusin-β (9.4 μg/rat) did not alter baroreflex sensitivity. Prior application of the glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid (0.19 μg/rat, n=9) into the NTS did not alter the salusin-β (9.4 μg/rat) induced hypotension and bradycardia. However, pretreatment with the GABA receptor agonist muscimol (0.5 ng/rat) within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) completely abolished the hypotension (-14±5 vs. -3±5 mm Hg, P <0.05) and bradycardia (-22±6 vs. -6±5 bpm, P <0.05) evoked by intra-NTS salusin-β (9.4 μg/rat). In addition, we found that vagotomy didn’t influence the actions of salusin-β (9.4 μg/rat) in the NTS. In conclusion, our present study shows that microinjection of salusin-β into the NTS significantly produces hypotension and bradycardia, presumably by suppressing the activities of presympathetic neurons in the RVLM., Y. Lu, Y. S. Wu, D. S. Chen, M. M. Wang, W. Z. Wang, W. J. Yuan., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9043. Microsporidiosis in HIV positive patients: current methods for diagnosis using biopsy, cytologic, ultrastructural, immunological, and tissue culture techniques
- Creator:
- Schwartz, D.A., Bryan, R.T., Weber, R., and Visvesvara, G.S.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- microsporidiosis, AIDS, opportunistic infections, protozoa, diagnosis, and parasitic disease
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Microsporidiosis is an increasingly important opportunistic infection in HIV-positive patients. Five species of microsporidia {Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon hellem and E. cunieuli, Seplata intestinalis, and Pleistophora sp.) have been reported to occur in AIDS, with each agent producing a different clinicopathologic spectrum of disease. This communication reviews routine and specialized methods for diagnosis of these important pathogenic protozoa, including biopsy, cytology, ultrastructural and immunologic examination, and tissue culture, and describes the current knowledge of organ distribution for microsporidia in persons with AIDS.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9044. Microstructure of interfacial transition zone between PET fibres and cement paste
- Creator:
- Machovič, Vladimír, Lapčák, Ladislav, Borecká, Lenka, Miloslav Lhotka, Andertová, Jana, Kopecký, Lubomír, and Mišková, Linda
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, spektroskopie, spectroscopy, fibre reinforced concrete, Raman mapping microspectroscopy, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Considerable amount of waste in the form of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles could be utilized in the form of dispersed microreinforcement in concrete. PET fibres, however, have poor wettability and adhesion to cement paste, which can be modified by alkaline hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide at elevated temperature. The alkaline treatment was used to increase fibre surface, which was followed by changes in the structure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) and interfacial bond between fibre and cementitious matrix. Raman microspectroscopy mapping was employed to study microstructural changes of ITZ within the distance 0 - 250 μm from a PET fibre. The band at 357 cm-1 corresponding to the Ca-O bond vibration in portlandite was used to determine its distribution. For determination of the relative abundance of ettringite, the SO42- stretching vibration at 987 cm-1 was used. The most intensive bands of portlandite and ettringite were found within the distance 0 - 50 μm from an unmodified PET fibre. Besides the elevated concentration of these minerals, abundant pores occur in this region. In the case of alkaline modified PET fibres the ITZ zone was not found., Vladimír Machovič, Ladislav Lapčák, Lenka Borecká, Miloslav Lhotka, Jana Andertová, Lubomír Kopecký and Linda Mišková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9045. Microstructure of selected metamorphic rock types: application of petrographic image analysis
- Creator:
- Šachlová, Šárka, Vladimír Schenk, and Zdeňka Schenková
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Geologie. Meteorologie. Klimatologie, metamorfované horniny, mikroskopie, metamorphic rocks, microscopy, texture, structure, kinematic indicators, 7, and 551
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Microscopic techniques, such as polarising microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM/EDS), were used in combination with petrographic image analysis with the aim of a quantitative determination of the mineral composition, rock microstructure, and degree of metamorphism of selected quartz-rich metamorphic rock types. Sampled orthogneiss rock types are mainly composed of feldspar, quartz, biotite, and amphibole. The grains are less isometric, elongated, having smooth boundaries, and showing a weak preferential orientation. The deformation and recrystallization characteristics of quartz indicate high-temperature recrystallization (the grain boundary migration recrystallization mechanism). Schist and phyllite rock types are preferentially very-fine to fine-grained, showing a strong shape preferred orientation. Their sedimentary origin was indicated by the presence of graphite. The deformation and recrystallization characteristics of the quartz indicate low temperature conditions of their metamorphism., Šárka Šachlová, Vladimír Schenk and Zdeňka Schenková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9046. Microvascular endothelial cells from human omentum lack an inward rectifier K+ current
- Creator:
- Himmel, H. M., Rauen, U., and Ravens, U.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, whole-cell voltage clamp, ion substitution, non-excitable cells, Na+ background current, chloride conductance, CA 2+ - activated K+ current, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In most macrovascular endothelial cell (EC) preparations, resting membrane potential is determined by the inwardly rectifying K+ current (IK1), whereas in microvascular EC the presence of IK1 varies markedly. Cultured microvascular EC from small vessels of human omentum were examined by means of the voltage-clamp technique to elucidate the putative role of IK1 in maintaining resting membrane potential. Macrovascular EC from human iliac artery and bovine aorta served as reference. Human omentum EC showed an outwardly rectifying current-voltage relation. Inward current was hardly sensitive to variations of extracellular [K+] and Ba2+ block suggesting lack of IK1. However, substitution of extracellular [Na+] and/or [Cl-] affected the current-voltage relation indicating that Na+ and Cl- contribute to basal current. Furthermore, outward current was reduced by tetraethylammonium (10 mM), and cell-attached recordings suggested the presence of a Ca2+-activated K+ current. In contrast to human omentum EC, EC from human iliac artery and bovine aorta possessed inwardly rectifying currents which were sensitive to variations of extracellular [K+] and blocked by Ba2+. Thus, the lack of IK1 in human omentum EC suggests that resting membrane potential is determined by Na+ and Cl- currents in addition to K+ outward currents., H. M. Himmel, U. Rauen, U. Ravens., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9047. Microvascular reactivity in patients with hypercholesterolemia: the effect of lipid lowering treatment
- Creator:
- Tomáš Štulc, Zdislava Kasalová, Martin Prázný, Michal Vrablík, Jan Škrha, and Richard Češka
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hypercholesterolémie, endoteliální dysfunkce, hypercholesterolemia, endothelial dysfunction, microcirculation, cholesterol lowering, laser-doppler, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Impaired NO-dependent vasodilation of resistance vessels is an early marker of an increased risk of atherosclerosis; utility of the examination of microcirculation, however, is far less established. We have therefore tested the hypothesis that hypercholesterolemia is associated with an impaired microvascular reactivity and that this defect is at least partially reversible by lipid-lowering treatment. Twenty-seven otherwise healthy patients with severe hypercholesterolemia (HLP) were examined at rest and then after 10 weeks of atorvastatin treatment (20 mg/day). Skin microvascular reactivity (MVR) was examined by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Baseline MVR values of the studied group were compared to healthy control subjects, HLP patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. MVR was normal in HLP subjects without CAD. On the contrary, MVR was impaired in HLP patients with CAD. There was no effect of atorvastatin on MVR, despite the profound reduction of serum lipids. MVR values did not correlate with cholesterol levels. In diabetic subjects, the MVR was substantially impaired only in patients with retinopathy. In the subjects without retinopathy, MVR was either normal (type I diabetes) or moderately impaired (type II diabetes). MVR was thus normal in HLP patients without manifest vascular disease and was not influenced by lipid lowering therapy. Impairment in the MVR was only evident in subjects with HLP and severe CAD. These results suggest that microcirculation is not involved in the early vascular dysfunction induced by HLP and that MVR rather reflects changes which appear later in the course of the atherosclerotic disease., T. Štulc, Z. Kasalová, M. Prázný, M. Vrablík, J. Škrha, R. Češka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9048. Midgut hemagglutinins in five species of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.): two different lectin systems in the midgut of Glossina tachinoides
- Creator:
- Grubhoffer, L., Muška, M., and Volf, P.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- tsetse fly, midgut, hemagglutinin, and lectin
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Lectin activities were studied in five different species of tsetse flies. Different native or enzymatically treated human or animal red blood cells were used to detect hemagglutination activity in midgut extracts. Two inducible lectin systems in the midgut of C. tachinoides were distinguished.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9049. Mieke Bal, Quoting Caravaggio: Contemporary Art, Preposterous History
- Creator:
- Kreuzzieger, Milan
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9050. Miesto feminizmu v tradícii sociálnej práce
- Creator:
- Bosá, Monika
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- feminismus, sociální práce, sociální hnutí, dějiny sociální práce, ženské hnutí, feminism, social work, social movements, history of social work, women's movement, tradition of social work, social work movement, "Mothers" of social work, 5, and 14
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The paper explores the close connection between social work and feminist movement and theory. He tradition and history of social work are incomplete without social workers - women activists. he aim of the paper is to examine the historical context of the professionalization of social work in close connection with the irst wave of feminism, and to interrogate positions which refuse feminist approaches in social work as marginal, ideological - not objective, or curious and even dangerous, improper. Women’s movement is one of the sources of development and professionalization of social work. Political and social activism of many outstanding women - “Mothers“ of social work - was an integral part of their professional career. his aspect of their lives is, however, all too often “forgotten“ in textbooks. he importance of pride, roots and the tradition is a fundamental aspect for every social work graduate and practitioner, especially as the status of social work in society has been falling., Monika Bosá., Poznámky, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Abstrakt a klíčová slova anglicky
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public