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1742. Cesta z města. Motorkářství: sport, umění nebo rituál?

Creator:
Pitrová, Ivana
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
motorcycling, risk, leisure, travel, and embodied capital
Language:
Czech
Description:
Text offers variety of anthropological perspectives which can be used to gain insight into the culture of motorcycling and motorcyclers (particular sport touring bikes). Asking if motorcycling can be explained as a sport, art or ritual, the complexity of motorcycling phenomena is being shown. Motorcycling as a preferred leisure activity is here regarded through the body experience (embodied capital), risk taking experience (edgework), naturalness seeking (civilization escape), traveling (the road) and finally through bike´s qualities such as flexibility, mobility and spontaneity. The historical context of motorcycling beginnings is briefly described (antihero, rebel without reason). Such a theorizing about motorcycling serves us for proving that sport touring biking is not subculture in common meaning but rather a praxeology- performance based on shared embodied experiencing.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1743. Cesta ze Senetářova do ruských legií (a kolem světa zpět)

Creator:
Křížová, Alena
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
World War I, Czechoslovak Legions, Russia, and handwritten document
Language:
Czech
Description:
Two brothers, František (1891-1956) and Alois (1897-1992) came from the family of a small farmer in the village of Senetářov in the Drahany Highlands. The older František was in the second year of his military service when the First World War broke out, the younger Alois was conscripted. Gradually they were both taken captive, and later got into the legions, with which they went along the whole Siberian railway. They met in Siberia as late as on Christmas Eve 1919. They were demobilized at the turn of the year 1920-1921. Several letters by František addressed to his chosen one and later wife have been preserved; the younger Alois wrote fresh memoirs immediately after his return describing not only war events, the situation in Russia where Soviets were assuming power, but also the relationships among legionnaires. These are unique sources offering authentic personal testimonies of WW1 participants.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1745. Čeští etnologové 50. let v přední linii boje za vědecký ateismus?

Creator:
Olšáková, Doubravka and Clarke, Melvyn
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
atheism, ethnology, Czechoslovakia, and history of science
Language:
Czech
Description:
The 1950s were a period of profound changes in Czechoslovak science, both on an institutional level and with respect to its ideologization and indoctrination. These changes also applied to ethnology and ethnography. The reasons for this development are not hard to fi nd: under the new regime, the goal of any investigation of ''the people'' was to legitimise plans for the establishment of a new people’s democracy and to produce a detailed scientifi c report about the society’s historical journey towards communism. In this new environment, a totalitarian regime thus assigned these sciences a specifi c function: its goal was not only to ideologize these sciences, but also, and above all, to indoctrinate the population and to promote atheism. This contribution follows the life and work of some of the leading personages of Czechoslovak post-war ethnology and ethnography, such as Otokar Nahodil, and the careers of these sciences’ main institutional representatives, such as Otokar Pertold, the long-serving departmental head at the Charles University Faculty of Arts. Special attention is paid to the new regime’s popularisation strategies which involved post-war ethnologists and ethnographers. Mention is also made of Antonín Robek, Josef Macek, and Jiří Loukotka. The main objective of this contribution is to use a brief excursion into the development of post-war ethnography and ethnology in order to describe the phenomenon of education towards scientifi c atheism. Special emphasis is on the communication channels which the Communist leadership used to secure for its propaganda the broadest impact possible and on describing the role which scientists played in this effort.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1747. Čeští katopíci a prezident T. G. Masaryk po vzniku Československé republiky

Creator:
Šmíd, Marek
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Jan Šrámek, Catholic Church history, First Czechoslovak Republic, and Catholic intellectuals
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article deals with the relationship between T. G. Masaryk and the Catholic Church after the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918. The paper reflects actual synthesis of the relationship of T. G. Masaryk and Catholic Church, their mutual association and struggle at the turn of the 10´s and 20´s of the 20th century. The analysis presents important editions of documents, Czech archives regarding the religious person of T. G. Masaryk and new open archive collections of the Vatican Secret Archives. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

1748. Čeští kolonisté na Slovensku v období první ČSR na příkladu kolonie Sülly (Šulany)

Creator:
Procházková, Jana
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Slovakia and Czechoslovakian land reform
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article focuses on the establishment and development of a new form of settlements, called “kolonie” [colonies] in southern Slovakia during 1921-1938. These settlements resulted from an extensive land reform when large tracts of land, originally belonging to Hungarian counts, were offered to Czech and Slovakian farmers. This paper, based on the settlers’ writings and on the interviews with the settlers’ children, follows their steps in a new environment, the village of Sülly (Šulany), where they were surrounded mostly by Hungarian neighbours. It also examines the settlers’ attempts to preserve their identity by pursuing and fostering traditions from the regions of their origin as well as their effort to cope with different traditions and customs of their Hungarian neighbours.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1749. Čeští komunističtí intelektuálové a "národní cesta k socialismu": Zdeněk Nejedlý a Karel Kosík, 1945-1968

Creator:
Michal Kopeček
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Nejedlý, Zdeněk, 1878-1962, Kosík, Karel, 1926-2003, 1945-1968, historiografie, filozofie a politika, socialismus, historiography, philosophy and politics, socialism, Československo, Czechoslovakia, 8, and 93/94
Language:
Czech
Description:
a1_Východiskem článku je pojem ''národní cesty k socialismu'' ve svých dvou základních významech, tedy politickotaktickém i teoretickém. Jeho cílem je ukázat na českém příkladu komplikovaný a dynamický vývoj ústředních témat ''ideologických vichřic'' dvacátého století kondenzovaných v pojmech ''revoluce'' a ''národní emancipace''. Autor se zaměřuje na dva významné české komunistické politické myslitele a aktivisty - historika, muzikologa a ministra v československých poválečných vládách Zdeňka Nejedlého (1878-1962) a na filozofa a esejistu Karla Kosíka (1926-2003) - kteří reprezentují dvě odlišné existenční, generační a intelektuální reakce české radikální levice na výzvy své doby. Oba se pokusili svým vlastním, osobitým způsobem formulovat předpoklady a koncepční rámce české či československé "národní cesty" k socialismu, ale též varovat před jejími úskalími. Zatímco Zdeněk Nejedlý svou těsně poválečnou koncepcí československých komunistů jako dědiců pokrokových národních tradic aktualizoval především odkaz husitské revoluce a národního obrození 19. století v kontextu komunistické kulturní politiky, vcelku úspěšně jej propojil se snahami komunistické strany o historickou legitimizaci své vlády a vytvořil tak oficiální osnovu výkladu českých dějin autoritativně platnou po celá padesátá léta minulého století,, a2_Karel Kosík se nejprve pokusil z radikálně levicových pozic o vypracování alternativní, implicitně polemické koncepce národní revoluční kontinuity, která hledala inspiraci u českých radikálních demokratů a v jejich revolučním vystoupení z roku 1848, aby se od konce padesátých let stal jedním z představitelů marxistického revizionismu v Československu, filozofickým kritikem stalinismu a dehumanizace moderního člověka pod tlakem abstraktních ideologií a mocensko-byrokratických aparátů a nakonec si získal pověst filozofa pražského jara 1968. Autor neusiluje o vyčerpávající portrét obou těchto osobností, nýbrž o charakteristiku základních kontur jejich řešení dilematu mezi národně partikulárním a revolučně univerzálním, jemuž čelili a s nímž se museli tak či onak vyrovnávat všichni komunističtí a radikálněsocialističtí myslitelé jejich doby. Myšlenkový a tvůrčí vývoj obou osobností je přitom zasazen do širších politických souvislostí doby od konce druhé světové války do pražského jara 1968., a1_In this article the author starts from the notion of ''national road to Socialism'' in its two fundamental meanings - the political-tactical and the theoretical. He seeks to demonstrate, usig the Czech example, the complicated dynamic development of the central themes of the ''ideological whirlwinds'' of the twentieth century which are concentrated in the terms ''revolution'' and ''national emancipation''. To this end he focuses on two important Czech Communist political thinkers and activists - the historian, musicologist, and minister in post-war Czechoslovak governments, Zdeněk Nejedlý (1878-1962), and the philosopher and essayist KIarel Kosík (1926-2003) - each of whom, with regard to their generation and their lives in general, represents a different Czech radical left-wing intellectual approach to the challenges of his times. Each man, in his own distinctive way, sought to formulate the prerequisites and conceptual framework of the Czechoslovak, or Czech "national road" to Socialism, but also to warn about pirfalls. With his early post-Second World War conception of Czechoslovak Communists as the heirs of progressive national traditions, Nejedlý sought to show how the legacy of the Hussite revolution of the fifteenth century and the National Awakening of the nineteenth century was currently relevant to Communist policy. Indeed, on the whole he succeeded in linking it with Communist Party efforts to achieve the historical legitimation of their government and thus create the official framework of the interpretation of Czech history which remained authoritatively valid throughout the 1950s., a2_Kosík, by contrast, first attempted, from radically left-wing positions, to work out alternative, implicitly polemical conceptions of national revolutionary continuity, which sought inspiration amongst Czech radical democrats and their revolutionary expression in 1848, and he thus became, from the late 1950s, one of the chief representatives of Marxist revisionism in Czechoslovakia, a philosopher-critic of Stalinism and the dehumanization of modern man and woman under the pressure of abstract ideologies and the apparatus of power and the bureaucracy, eventually earning the reputation of the philosopher of the Prague Spring of 1968. The author does not seek to portray these two figures exhaustively, instead, his aim is to provide the basic contours of how each tried to solve the dilemma between tne nationally particular and the revolutionarily universal, which all Communist and radical Socialist thinkers of their time faced and somehow had to come to terms with. The author sets the intellectual and creative development of these two figures into the wider political context from the end of the Second World War to the Prague Spring., Michal Kopeček., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

1750. Čeští přírodovědci a lékaři v soutěži o NC do r. 1959: cesta k vrcholnému vědeckému ocenění Jaroslava Heyrovského

Creator:
Jindra, Jiří
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Heyrovský, Jaroslav, 1890-1967, 20. století, Nobelova cena (ocenění), fyzici, chemici, physicists, chemists, Nobel Prizes, Česko, Czechia, čeští fyzici, čeští chemici, 12, and 06
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Článek pojednává o českých kandidátech na vědecké Nobelovy ceny do roku 1959. Celkem bylo na tyto ceny nominováno šest českých vědců. Je obecně známo, že jedinou získal za chemii Jaroslav Heyrovský za objev a vývoj polarografie., The article discusses the Czech candidates for the scientific Nobel Prizes till 1959. In the period 1901-1959 six Czech candidates were proposed: E. Votoček and J. Heyrovský for chemistry, J. Heyrovský for physics, and J. Horbaczewski, F. K. Studnička, J. Wolf, K. Šulc and J. Heyrovský for physiology and medicine. Only J. Heyrovský received the Nobel Prize for chemistry (for discovery and development polarographic analytical method) in 1959, 25 years after the first nomination., Jiří Jindra., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

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