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14152. Tři čtvrtě století Stanislava Broučka
- Creator:
- Altman, Karel
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
14153. Tři fyzikové získali Nobelovu cenu za laserový výzkum
- Creator:
- Křepelka, Jaromír
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
14154. Tři generace metod měření korupce v Evropě
- Creator:
- Bašná, Kristýna
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- korupce, kvantitativní metody, corrupt practices, quantitative research, surveys, 18, and 316.4/.7
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This article focuses on methods for measuring corruption, first describing three generations of corruption indicators and then comparing them qualitatively and quantitatively. Corruption is a clandestine activity that is extremely difficult to measure; there are no official statistics on the number of corruption cases. For this reason, corruption can only be measured indirectly, by various proxies, and it is extremely hard to state whether these indicators are reliable and indeed measure the corruption phenomena in a given country. A large number of different indicators have been developed over the years that try to capture and quantify corruption. Some authors measure perceptions of corruption, others try to use “hard data” to explore the level of corruption in a country, and even others combine different measurements, weight them, and then publish composite indicators to capture the overall level of corruption in a country. This article aims to evaluate the quality of the different indicators using quantitative and qualitative methods. Possible uses and value of each individual indicator are discussed in terms of quality and practical considerations. First-generation indicators combine expert evaluations, surveys, and other data on corruption. The article focuses on the two best-known and most frequently used indicators - the Control of Corruption measurement by the World Bank and the Corruption Perception Index by Transparency International. Second-generation indicators are based on opinion surveys that ask respondents about their perceptions of and own experience with corruption. There are two types of such surveys, one focusing on the public and the other one on businesses. The second-generation indicators include surveys such as Eurobarometer, World Values Survey (WVS), European Social Survey (ESS), Global Corruption Barometer (GCB), WB BEEPS, or International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). Finally, the author presents a correlation analysis of different indicators over time and across countries, indicating whether and how strongly these three generations correlate with one another. The article concludes with a discussion on whether the three generations of indicators measure the same type of corruption and whether they can be used interchangeably. As for results, it seems that there are statistically significant associations between different types of indicators; however, this significance is, in most cases, not high enough to allow for interchangeability. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to carefully select the type of indicator used for scientific research, as results and conclusions might differ significantly depending on the indicator used., Kristýna Bašná., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
14155. Tři nové programy Strategie AV21
- Format:
- print, text, regular print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, zprávy, reports, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, věda a společnost, strategický management, science and society, 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
14156. Tři sta let od narození R. J. Boškoviče
- Creator:
- Smolka, Josef
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Bošković, Ruđer Josip, 1711-1787, 18. století, fyzici, matematici, výročí, physicists, mathematicians, anniversaries, Chorvatsko, Croatia, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- V inventáři světové vědy má Chorvatsko jen málo záznamů - dokonce ještě méně, než jich mají třeba naše země. O to vnímavější bychom měli být k jeho historickým úspěchům. Patří k nim na prvním místě Rudjer Josip Boškovič (1711-1787), jezuita, ale zároveň i osvícenec, jehož dílo ovlivnilo vývoj věd snad ve všech evropských zemích., Josef Smolka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
14157. Tri výročia sondovej mikroskopie
- Creator:
- Lányi, Štefan
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- fyzika povrchů pevných látek, skenovací mikroskopie, surfaces (physics), scanning probe microscopy, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Rastrovacie sondové mikroskopie významne ovplyvnili fyziku povrchov, elektrochémiu či biológiu, ale aj viacero technologických oblastí od výroby pevných diskov po kozmetiku. Priniesli rad nových poznatkov a použitie obrazov, získaných pomocou niektorej z nich, sa v publikáciach stalo skoro módou. Nedávno oslávili tri techniky, ktoré patria do tejto rozvetvenej rodiny, malé výročia. Stručne si ich týmto príspevkom pripomenieme., Štefan Lányi., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
14158. Tři způsoby popisu difrakce světla na otvoru
- Creator:
- Kulmon, Pavel and Mikš, Antonín
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- optics and optika
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This paper deals with a diffraction of electromagnetic waves by a plane screen aperture. Three methods, which are most frequently used in practice, are presented together with the corresponding general formulas that enable to evaluate vectors of electric and magnetic field. and Práce pojednává o difrakci elektromagnetického záření na otvoru v neprůhledném stínítku. Jsou uvedeny tři nejužívanější způsoby popisu této problematiky s příslušnými obecnými vztahy, které umožňují výpočet vektorů intenzity elektrického a magnetického pole.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
14159. Tri-lineage differentiation of NTERA2 clone D1 cells towards neural, hepatic and osteogenic lineages in vitro
- Creator:
- Szeky, Balázs, Mayer, B., Gyongy, M., Hajdara, A., Barsi, S., Karpati, S., and Nemeth, K.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- NTERA2 clone D1 cells, neurogenesis, hepatogenesis, osteogenesis, and tri-lineage differentiation
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Over the past decades, the in vitro use of pluripotent cell lines gained a crucial role in toxicology, preclinical drug testing and developmental biology. NTERA2 clone D1 cells were identified as pluripotent cells with high potential for neural differentiation. Although they are commonly used cellular sources in neuropharmacology and neurodevelopmental studies, their endodermal and mesodermal differentiation potential awaits further characterization. Here, we devised improved protocols for hepatogenic and osteogenic differentiation of NTERA2 clone D1 cells. Our in vitro differentiation assays showed significant up-regulation of multiple hepatogenic markers. We also observed robust mineralization and osteogenic marker expression of NTERA2 clone D1 cells upon in vitro osteogenic induction. These results suggest that NTERA2 clone D1 cells may be utilized as an in vitro model system to study various aspects of liver biology and osteogenesis. In addition, tri-lineage differentiation of NTERA2 clone D1 cells may serve as a simple experimental control system when validating pluripotency of other cell types.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
14160. Trianchoratus longianchoratus sp. n. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae: Heteronchocleidinae) from Channa lucius (Osteichthyes: Channidae) in Peninsular Malaysia
- Creator:
- Tan, W. B. and Lim, L. H. S.
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Trianchoratus, Ancyrocephalidae, Heteronchocleidinae, Channa lucius, Channa striata, Anabantoidei, Channoidei, and Malaysia
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- One new and three previously described species of Trianchoratus Price et Berry, 1966 were collected from the gills of Channa lucius (Cuvier) and Channa striata (Bloch) from the Bukit Merah Reservoir, Perak and Endau-Rompin, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. They are Trianchoratus longianchoratus sp. n., T. malayensis Lim, 1986 and T. pahangensis Lim, 1986 from C. lucius, and T. ophicephali Lim, 1986 from C. striata. The new species differs from the Trianchoratus species hitherto described from channids and anabantoids in having two ventral anchors with a long curved inner root and one dorsal anchor with a curved inner root and lacking an outer root. A table summarizing the known species of heteronchocleidins (Trianchoratus, Eutrianchoratus and Heteronchocleidus) and Sundanonchus reported from fish hosts of different families (Channidae, Helostomatidae, Anabantidae and Osphronemidae) is provided.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public