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2932. Does impedance measure a functional state of the body fat?
- Creator:
- Renata Větrovská, Zdeněk Vilikus, Klaschka, J., Zuzana Stránská, Štěpán Svačina, Šárka Svobodová, and Martin Matoulek
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, tělesné složení, obezita, body composition, obesity, DEXA, fat mass, anthropometric methods, fat tissue functional properties, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The aim was to compare methods of body fat measurement in different BMI groups. An additional aim was to discuss differences reflecting the structural and functional changes of fat tissue. The study group included 130 adult Caucasian women stratified by body mass index (BMI): 18-24.99 (n=30), 25-29.99 (n=26), 30-34.99 (n=33), 35-39.99 (n=30), and BMI ≥ 40 (n=11). Bioelectrical impedance was performed using Tanita TBF 410 GS, Bodystat 1500, and Omron BF 300. A caliper type Best was also applied. Correspondence of four methods with DEXA was assessed using the Bland-Altman and ANOVA analyses. Measurements by BIA were not si gnificantly different from DEXA up to BMI of 30, but DEXA significantly overestimated in the higher BMI subgroup by all three methods. Caliper measurement significantly underestimated DEXA in all BMI subgroups. BIA methods overestimated DEXA for the obese subjects. Tanita did statistically the best. The Caliper test appeared less preferable than the BIA methods, especially in the higher BMI subgroup. DEXA and Caliper measurements seem to be the best estimate of structural (anatomical) fat quantity. We hypothesize that BIA methods could also measure some other physiopathological conditions like inflammation, hydration or cell infiltration of fat., R: Větrovská, Z. Vilikus, J. Klaschka, Z. Stránská, Š. Svačina, Š. Svobodová, M. Matoulek., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2933. Does loan maturity matter in risk-based pricing?: evidence from consumer loan data
- Creator:
- Kuvíková, Gabriela
- Publisher:
- CERGE-EI
- Format:
- electronic, bez média, svazek, and 42 stran : ilustrace.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Finance, spotřebitelské úvěry, modelování a simulace, consumer credit, modeling and simulation, 336.77.067, 519.86/.87, (048.8), 4, and 336.7
- Language:
- English and Czech
- Description:
- Gabriela Kuvíková., Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy, and České a anglické resumé
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2934. Does Magnesium Dysbalance Participate in the Development of Insulin Resistance in Early Stages of Renal Disease?
- Creator:
- Katarína Šebeková, Štefíková, K., Daniela Polakovičová, Viera Spustová, and Rastislav Dzúrik
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, 31P NMR spectroscopy, Erythrocyte, Magnesium, Insulin resistance, Obesity, Kidney Disease, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We investigated the potential role of magnesium (Mg) dysbalance in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR) in patients with mildly-to-moderately decreased renal function (creatinine: 142.8±11.0 mmol/l). The data were compared to those of 8 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (CTRL). The standard oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) was performed in 61 patients. Twenty-two patients were classified as IR according to their values on fasting and after-load immunoreactive insulin concentrations. Serum and total erythrocyte Mg (tErMg) (atomic absorption spectro-photometry) and free erythrocyte Mg (fErMg) concentrations (31P NMR spectroscopy) were determined prior to and two hours after the glucose load. Ten out of 39 insulin-sensitive (IS) patients, but only one out of 22 insulin-resistant (IR) patients, had a low basal fErMg concentration (<162.2 mmol/l, c2, p<0.01). IR patients had higher serum Mg, total erythrocyte Mg and bound erythrocyte Mg (bErMg) concentrations (both before and after glucose load) when compared with the IS group. Both groups responded to the glucose load with a significant decrease in serum Mg concentration (within the normal range), while the IR group also exhibited a decline in tErMg and bErMg. The mean sum of insulin needed to metabolize the same glucose load correlated positively with tErMg (r=0.545, p<0.01) and bErMg (r=0.560, p<0.01) in the IR patients. It is concluded that, at an early stage of renal dysfunction, IR is not associated with the decline in free erythrocyte Mg concentration, but the magnesium handling in red blood cells is altered., K. Šebeková, K. Štefíková, D. Polakovičová, V. Spustová, R. Dzúrik., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2935. Does minimum wage affect workplace safety?
- Creator:
- Hradil, Vít
- Publisher:
- CERGE-EI
- Format:
- electronic, bez média, svazek, and 35 stran : tabulky, grafy.
- Type:
- model:monograph and TEXT
- Subject:
- Práce, minimální mzdy, bezpečnost práce, modelování a simulace, minimum wages, occupational safety, modeling and simulation, 331.215.53, 331.45, 519.86/.87, (048.8), 4, and 331
- Language:
- English and Czech
- Description:
- Vít Hradil., Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy, and České a anglické resumé
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2936. Does neonatal brain ischemia induce schizophrenia-like behaviour in young adult rats?
- Creator:
- Hana Tejkalová, Kaiser, M., Jan Klaschka, and František Šťastný
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika, biochemie, neurochirurgie, schizofrenie, potkan, biochemistry, neurosurgery, schizophrenia, Rattus norvegicus, neonatal ischemia, prepulse inhibition, 2, and 577
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Perinatal cerebral hypoxia represents a major cause of obstetric complications and the resulting transient oxygen deficiency might belong to early risk factors for schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible long-term behavioral changes induced by one hour of continuous bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in 12-day-old male rats. Post-ischemic behavioral disturbances were evaluated in social (play) behavior on postnatal day 22 (PND 22), open field test (PND 35 and 50) and prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (PND 50). Transient ischemia in neonatal rats was not significantly altered in social dyadic interactions evaluated in pre-weaning pups, but resulted in enhanced locomotor activity in pubertal rats (PND 35) and impaired prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in post- pubertal males (PND 50). These behavioral alterations suggest that perinatal hypoxic/ischemic insults may represent a risk factor for later manifestation of specific features relevant to schizophrenia in predisposed individuals., F. Tejkalová, M. Kaiser, J. Klaschka, F. Šťastný., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2937. Does the prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis and frequency of Rhesus-negative subjects correlate with the nationwide rate of traffic accidents?
- Creator:
- Flegr, Jaroslav and Dama, Madhukar
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- parasite, Toxoplasma, manipulation hypothesis, correlation study, ecological regression, and Disability Adjusted Life Years
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Latent toxoplasmosis is probably the most common protistan parasitic disease with many indirect negative impacts on human health. One of the important impacts is impaired psychomotor function leading to reduced driving efficiency in Toxoplasma-seropositive subjects. Numerous case-control studies have established a positive relation between the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) and probability of traffic accidents in study populations. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis varies between populations according to local geographical conditions, hygienic practices and kitchen habits. Similarly, we see a striking variation in the incidence of traffic accidents across countries. Hence, we compiled the largest ever data set on the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis and tried to understand its role in traffic accident-related deaths and disabilities across 87 countries. Simple nonparametric analysis showed a positive and strong relation of T. gondii seroprevalence and traffic accident related disabilities. Further, we conducted multivariate analysis to control for confounding factors. After controlling for wealth, geographical latitude, health of population, length of roads and number of vehicles, the correlation disappeared. When the frequency of RhD negativity and its interaction with toxoplasmosis were included into the model, the effects of toxoplasmosis seemingly returned. However, the analysed data suffered from the problem of multicollinearity. When a proper method of analysis, ridge regression, was applied, the effects of toxoplasmosis prevalence and RhD negativity frequency disappeared again. The existence of a strong correlation between the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and health of population in particular countries, which was the probable cause of multicollinearity and possible reason for the negative result of the present study, suggests that ''asymptomatic'' latent toxoplasmosis could have a large impact on public health.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2938. Does the treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism influence glucose tolerance?
- Creator:
- Branislav Štrauch, Jiří Widimský, Gustav Šindelka, and Jan Škrha
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, krevní tlak, blood pressure, primary hyperaldosteronism, impaired glucose tolerance, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Primary hyperaldosteronism (PH) is frequently considered to be a secondary form of diabetes mellitus (DM). In our previous study we attempted to evaluate the prevalence of DM among patients with PH compared to control subjects with essential hypertension (EH). We have noted a relatively high prevalence of DM and impaired glucose tolerance in PH, but the differences between the PH and EH groups did not reach statistical significance. We performed this study to assess whether the effective treatment of PH (surgical and conservative) would improve the glucose tolerance. We have studied 24 patients with PH of the following two subtypes: aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) treated with adrenalectomy and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) treated with spironolactone. No significant changes of glucose levels were found in the 60th and 120th min of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the APA group. On the other hand, fasting glucose levels were decreased significantly after adrenalectomy. Plasma glucose levels were significantly increased in the 60th min, but no differences were found in fasting values and in the 120th min in the IHA group. There was a significantly higher incidence of impaired glucose tolerance (36 % before, 45 % after treatment) and DM (9 %, 18 %) in the IHA group compared to the APA group (8 %, 32 %; DM 0 %, 0 %). In conclusion, the treatment of PH does not improve glucose tolerance. Mild worsening of glucose tolerance after treatment could be explained by an increase of the body mass index. These data, in accordance with our previous study, do not support the idea that PH is a secondary form of diabetes mellitus., B. Štrauch, J. Widimsky Jr., G. Šindelka, J. Škrha., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2939. Does Toxoplasma gondii infection affect cognitive function? A case control study
- Creator:
- Guenter, Wojciech, Bieliński, Maciej, Deptuła, Aleksander, Zalas-Więcek, Patrycja, Piskunowicz, Małgorzata, Szwed, Krzysztof, Buciński, Adam, Gospodarek, Eugenia, and Borkowska, Alina
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Toxoplasma gondii, latent toxoplasmosis, cognitive function, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychological tests
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- According to studies, latent Toxoplasma gondii infection may affect several functions of the human brain. Here we search for the association between latent toxoplasmosis and cognitive performance. We tested 70 individuals for latent T. gondii infection. There were 26 Toxoplasma-infected subjects and 44 Toxoplasma-free subjects. Within these two groups we assessed cognitive performance using a set of standardized, widely recognized neuropsychological tests: Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Digit Span Test and N-back test. The relationship between chronic toxoplasmosis and cognitive performance was assessed, with adjustment for age and sex. Patients with latent toxoplasmosis performed worse on one neuropsychological test, N-back Test - percentage of correct answers (β -8.08; 95%CI -15.64 to -0.53; p<0.05) compared to seronegative patients. However, after adjustment for age and sex, no statistically significant associations between latent toxoplasmosis and the scores on any cognitive tests were noticed. As statistically significant relationship was not observed, this study does not confirm that chronic latent T. gondii infection affects cognition.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
2940. Does Vigabatrin Possess an Anticonvulsant Action Against Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures in Developing Rats?
- Creator:
- Renata Haugvicová, Hana Kubová, and Pavel Mareš
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, studie, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie člověka, human physiology, Vigabatrin, Pentylenetetrazol, Motor seizures, Ontogeny, Rat, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Anticonvulsant action of vigabatrin (300, 600, 900 and/or 1200 mg/kg i.p.), an inhibitor of GABA-transaminase, was studied in a model of motor sezures elicited by pentylenetetrazol. Five age groups of rats (7, 12, 18, 25 and 90 days old) received a s.c. injection of pentylenetetrazol 4, 6 and/or 24 hours after vigabatrin administration. The incidence of minimal, predominantly clonic seizures was not changed in any age group, but their latencies were prolonged in 18- and 25-day-old rats. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures were influenced in a more complex manner. Incidence of these seizures was decreased in 7-day-old rat pups 24 hours after vigabatrin administration. Higher doses of vigabatrin exhibited a similar effect in adult rats at all intervals studied. Specific suppression or at least restriction of the tonic phase was observed in all groups of immature rats, the effect was more marked 24 hours after vigabatrin than at shorter intervals. The anticonvulsant action of vigabatrin, which could be demonstrated mainly against generalized tonic-clonic seizures, varies markedly during development., R. Haugvicová, H. Kubová, P. Mareš., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public