Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects the ruminant health and animal performance. The main purposes of this study were to investigate the potential effects of GH/IGF system and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) concentration on resistance the circulating LPS concentration increased in liver with high concentrate diet treatment. Non- lactating goats were randomly allocated to two groups : a high -concentrate diet (HCD ) or a low - concentrate diet (LCD ) in cross over design and the blood collection at different time points after feeding at the end of the experiment. The average rumen pH was significantly reduced (P<0.05) , but the duration with pH was not more than 120 min in the HCD group. T he plasma LPL concentration w as significantly raised (P<0.05) . However, fr om 2 h onwards, LPS concentration was significantly reduced (P<0.0 1) in the H CD group compared with LCD group. In addition , the plasma IGF1 concentration and the hepatic i nsulin -like growth factor -1 receptor ( IGF1R) mRNA expression were markedly reduced (P<0.0 5). However, g rowth hormone (GH) secretion at 15, 30, and 45 min after feeding and growth hormone receptor (GHR) mRNA expression in the liver was significantly increased (P<0.05) in HCD group. The correlation analysis showed that the plasma LPL concentration was positive ly correlated with hepatic GHR mRNA expression (P<0.05) . Conversely, the plasma LPS concentration was negatively correlate d with LPL concentration (P<0.05). These findings reveal that alterations in GH/IGF system function in response to a hi gh -concentrate diet are accompanied by corresponding changes in systemic LPL in non -lactating goats ’ liver in presence of endogenous LPS stress., Z. L. Xie, P. S. Ye, S. K. Zhang, Y. S. Zhang, X. Z. Shen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The aim of present study was to investigate functional and physical alterations in membranes of heart mitochondria that are associated with remodeling of these organelles in acute phase of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and to elucidate the role of these changes in adaptation of the heart to acute streptozotocin-induced diabetes (evaluated 8 days after single dose streptozotocin application to male Wistar rats). Action of free radicals on the respiratory chain of diabetic-heart mitochondria was manifested by 17 % increase (p<0.05) in oxidized form of the coenzyme Q10 and resulted in a decrease of states S3 and S4 respiration, the respiratory control index, rate of phosphorylation (all p<0.01) and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (p<0.05), but the ADP/O ratio decreased only moderately (p>0.05). On the contrary, membrane fluidity and the total mitochondrial Mg2+-ATPase activity increased (both p<0.05). In diabetic heart mitochondria, linear regression analysis revealed a reciprocal relationship between the increase in membrane fluidity and decrease in trans-membrane potential (p<0.05, r = 0.67). Changes in membrane fluidity, transmembrane potential, Mg2+-ATPase activity and the almost preserved ADP/O ratio appear as the manifestation of endogenous protective mechanisms participating in the functional remodeling of mitochondria which contributes to adaptation of the heart to diabetes., M. Ferko, D. Habodászová, I. Waczulíková, J. Mujkošová, J. Kucharská, L. Šikurová, B. Ziegelhöffer, J. Styk, A. Ziegelhöffer., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
A sample of over 6,000 specimens of frogs belonging to about 120 species of all families occurring in West Africa and Madagascar were screened for parasitic mites. Three species of Endotrombicula Ewing, 1931 were found in representatives of two African and two Madagascan frog families. All Trombiculidae found in African frogs belonged to Endotrombicula pillersi (Sambon, 1928), whereas in Madagascar E. madagascariensis (Sambon, 1928) and E. ptychadenae sp. n. were sampled. These three species are described, data about their parasitic associations are provided, and their zoogeographical distribution is discussed. Only those frog species that spend a considerable time in terrestrial ground habitats were parasitized; neither arboreal nor strictly aquatic frogs were infected. The geographic distribution of Endotrombicula, restricted to Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and Madagascar, suggests that these mites invaded Madagascar from the African continent. This is supported by the observation that the ancestors of Ptychadena mascareniensis (Duméril et Bibron) (Ptychadenidae), the host of E. ptychadenae, colonized Madagascar from the African continent quite recently, possibly accompanied by its Endotrombicula parasites.
Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), currently used in treatment of terminal heart failure, are working on principle of rotary pump, which generates continuous blood flow. Non-pulsatile flow is supposed to expose endothelial cells to high stress and potential damage. Therefore, we investigated longitudinal changes in concentration of circulating endothelial microparticles (EMP) as a possible marker of endothelial damage before and after implantation of LVAD. Study population comprised 30 patients with end-stage heart failure indicated for implantation of the Heart Mate II LVAD. Concentrations of microparticles were measured as nanomoles per liter relative to phosphatidylserine before and 3 months after implantation. At 3 months after implantation we observed significant decrease in concentration of EMP [5.89 (95 % CI 4.31-8.03) vs. 3.69 (95 % CI 2.70-5.03), p=0.03] in the whole group; there was no difference observed between patients with ischemic etiology of heart failure (n=18) and with heart failure of non-ischemic etiology (n=12). In addition, heart failure etiology had no effect on the rate of EMP concentration decrease with time. These results indicate possibility that LVAD do not cause vascular damage 3 months after implantation. Whether these results suggest improvement of vascular wall function and of endothelium is to be proved in long-term studies., P. Ivak, J. Pitha, P. Wohlfahrt, I. Kralova Lesna, P. Stavek, Z. dorazilova, J. Stepankova, J. Maly, M. Pokorny, I. Netuka., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Článek se zabývá chronologií eneolitických inhumací z prostoru Moravy na základě radiokarbonového datování. Datováno bylo celkem 17 jedinců pomocí 20 radiokarbonových dat, přičemž se jedná především o jedince bez hrobové výbavy, či jedince pocházející z problematických kontextů. Studie pokrývá zejména období starého eneolitu, méně pak střední a pozdní eneolit. K většině pojednávaných pohřbů jsou nově publikovány nálezové okolnosti a antropologické posudky. Na základě chronologické analýzy hrobů datovaných radiokarbonovým datováním lze přibližně definovat časový rozptyl jednotlivých způsobů pohřbívání na Moravě. Nejspolehlivěji lze datovat ploché hroby s jedinci v natažené poloze bez hrobových přídavků do ca 3800–3600 BC. and The article addresses the chronology of Eneolithic inhumation burials in Moravia based on radiocarbon dating. A total of 17 individuals were dated using 20 radiocarbon dates, primarily individuals without grave goods or individuals from problematic contexts. The study mainly covers the period of the Early Eneolithic, to a lesser extent the Middle and Late Eneolithic. The find contexts and anthropological assessments are newly published for most of the burials in question. Based on the chronological analysis of graves dated by radiocarbon dating, it is possible to approximately define the time dispersion of individual burial methods in Moravia. Flat graves with individuals in a stretched position without grave goods can be most reliably dated to about 3800–3600 BC.
Využitie kombinovaného systému na báze pyrolýzy biomasy, resp. triedeného komunálneho odpadu, v kombinácii s čistením exhalátov za pomoci elektrického výboja, poskytuje zaujímavú možnosť znižovania skleníkotvorného CO2 a súčasne rozvoja niektorých foriem obnoviteľných zdrojov energie. Testovaný pilotný systém z hľadiska veľkosti zodpovedá približne potrebám bežne stavaných rodinných domov., Marcela Morvová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Energetická soběstačnost patří podle Světové obchodní organizace mezi desítku výzev, jimž budeme čelit v následujících desetiletích. Současné dominantní zdroje energie nejsou trvalým řešením, a tak musíme nejen hledat zdroje nové, ale přitom i zdokonalovat její přeměnu a vyřešit skladování. Právě to je jedním z úkolů Strategie AV21. and Luděk Svoboda.
The effect of drought stress on energy dissipation and antioxidant enzyme system in two sweet sorghum inbred lines (M-81E and Roma) was investigated. Results showed that the germination indicator increased more in M-81E than that in Roma under rehydration. Under drought stress, both the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and oxidoreductive activity (ΔI/I0) of Roma decreased more than those in M-81E. Relative to Fv/Fm, the ΔI/I0 decreased markedly, which indicated that PSI was more sensitive to drought stress than PSII. Increases in the reduction state of QA (1-qp), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state (F0) were greater in Roma than those in M-81E; meanwhile, the H2O2 content was lower in M-81E than that in Roma. Our results suggested that the photoinhibition might be related to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The antioxidant enzyme system and energy dissipation of M-81E could respectively increase drought tolerance by eliminating ROS and excess energy more efficiently than that of Roma., Y. Y. Guo, S. S. Tian, S. S. Liu, W. Q. Wang, N. Sui., and Obsahuje bibliografii