Metabolic syndrome and one of its manifestations, essential hypertension, is an important cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension are caused by organ complications. Previously we revealed a decrease of blood pressure and an amelioration of cardiac fibrosis in a congenic line of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), in which a short segment of chromosome 8 (encompassing only 7 genes) was exchanged for a segment of normotensive polydactylous (PD) origin. To unravel the genetic background of this phenotype we compared heart transcriptomes between SHR rat males and this chromosome 8 minimal congenic line (PD5). We found 18 differentially expressed genes, which were further analyzed using annotations from Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Four of the differentially expressed genes (Per1, Nr4a1, Nr4a3, Kcna5) belong to circadian rhythm pathways, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and potassium homeostasis. We were also able to confirm Nr4a1 2.8x-fold upregulation in PD5 on protein level using Western blotting, thus suggesting a possible role of Nr4a1 in pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.
In order to obtain basic information on the transport properties of differentiating embryonic nephrons, we examined the 7-day-old chick mesonephros by measuring the transtubular epithelial potential difference (TPD) and by histochemical detection of Na,K-ATPase activity. TPD as an indicator of the electrogenic transport was measured in individual segments of superficial nephrons in vivo. Their electric polarity was always lumen-negative. TPD was reduced by addition of 10 mM KCN applied to the mesonephric nephrons from the outside. In the proximal tubules, TPD was significantly lower (mean±SD: -1.0±0.5 mV) than in the distal and collecting tubules (-2.2±1.0 mV, pŁ0.05). Activity of the sodium pump was evaluated histochemically by detection of ouabain-sensitive potassium-dependent p-nitrophenyl phosphatase in cryostat sections of the mesonephros. The enzyme activity was demonstrated only in distal tubules and in the collecting ducts, but not in the proximal tubules. These findings have revealed significant differences between embryonic nephron segments: the distal tubule, in contrast to the proximal one, is supplied by the sodium pump and is able to generate higher TPD. Therefore, we consider that it is only the distal nephron, which possesses the ability of active transport., Z. Zemanová, E. Ujec., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Covid-19 or SARS-CoV-2, a new RNA virus with high infectivity, and seemingly low mutability, which appeared in 2019 in the Wuhan province of China, has created a pandemic with dire consequences. At the end of May 2020, it became the first cause of mortality. As no treatment or vaccine may become available before many months, and because occurrence of similar pandemics is only a matter of time, arguments are presented here for testing the effect of transfer factor (TF), an immunomodulator devoid of toxicity, which has been extensively studied in the past for the treatment and prevention of viral infections.
Motto Strategie AV21 „Špičkový výzkum ve veřejném zájmu“ mj. předesílá podporu mezioborové a meziinstitucionální synergie více než 50 pracovišť Akademie věd. Právě proto, aby výzkum opravdu sloužil společnosti, otevřela Akademie věd nové Centrum transferu technologií, jehož prostory se hostům slavnostně představily 16. května 2016. and Marina Hužvárová.
Results saying how to transfer the entailment in certain minimal and maximal ways and how to transfer strong dualisability between two different finite generators of a quasi-variety of algebras are presented. A new proof for a well-known result in the theory of natural dualities which says that strong dualisability of a quasi-variety is independent of the generating algebra is derived.
A number of new results that say how to transfer the entailment relation between two different finite generators of a quasi-variety of algebras is presented. As their consequence, a well-known result saying that dualisability of a quasi-variety is independent of the generating algebra is derived. The transferral of endodualisability is also considered and the results are illustrated by examples.
Studie shrnuje současné poznatky o teorii transformačního vedení. Zabývá se tématy, která jsou důležitá pro další výzkum transformačního vedení a pro využití teorie transformačního vedení v psychologické praxi v České republice a na Slovensku. Zařazuje transformační teorii do kontextu dalších teorií vůdcovství, představuje pozitivní důsledky transformačního vedení na úrovni organizací, týmů i jednotlivců, věnuje se také kritice teorie a jejím slabým stránkám. Všímá si metody měření transformačního vedení a její validity a možností rozvoje vedoucích v organizacích. Závěr je věnován aktuálním trendům ve výzkumu transformačního vedení., The overview study sums up the contemporary knowledge concerning the transformational leadership theory. It deals with topics important for further study of transformational leadership and for utilization the theory of transformation leadership in psychological praxis in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It puts the transformational theory into the context of further leadership theories, presents the positive impacts of transformational leadership on levels of organizations, teams, and individuals, deals also with the critics of the theory and its weak aspects. It also takes notice of the method of transformational leadership measurement and its validity, and possibilities of development of leaders in organizations. The conclusion is devoted to current trends in the study of transformational leadership., Jakub Procházka, Martin Vaculík., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of state and output transformations, that bring single-input single-output nonlinear state equations into the observer form. The conditions are formulated in terms of differential one-forms, associated with an input-output equation of the system. An algorithm for transformation of the state equations into the observer form is presented and illustrated by an example.