The Visio Pauli, one of the most popular ‘Visions’ of the Middle Ages, constitutes the European form of an originally Oriental apocrypha known as ‘The Apocalypse of Paul’. On its journey through the Latin Middle Ages this text was used in many ways, which have fundamentally influenced its textual shape. The article outlines concisely the dissemination of the Visio Pauli in the Medieval West, its incorporation into new, shifting transmission patterns and textual combinations. It will be shown that the Eastern apocrypha from late Antiquity, the Paulus-Apocalypse, and its reworked European version, the Visio Pauli – the first a closed, the second an open text – in their complex transmission histories represent two entirely different realisations of one and the same material. The analysis, however, concentrates on the specific Bohemian redaction and its Old Czech version. The shape of a text will here be conceived in terms of its dissemination and concrete uses. The focus of the investigation consists, therefore, in the ways in which the variable and open were fixed, and the circumstances, consequences and description of this process. From material to text, from text to context, or, the other way round, from context to text – these are the aspects of the literary, structural, and functional analysis of the Visio Pauli in the context of cultural history. This approach constitutes an attempt to describe the text transmission differently from conventional textual criticism, and how to think about the shape of medieval texts in the context of their concrete use and function. The article is a reworking of a lecture given at Prague and Brno in 2008 and is essentially an abridged version of the author’s Ph.D. thesis, Die Visio Pauli: Wege und Wandlungen einer orientalischen Apokryphe im lateinischen Mittelalter unter Einschlus der alttschechischen und deutschsprachigen Textzeugen, Leiden and Boston: Brill (Mittellateinische Studien und Texte 34), 2006. It is the first written presentation of this research in Czech.
Never before in history data has been generated at such high volumes as it is today. It is estimated that every year about 1 Exabyte (= 1 Million Terabyte) of data are generated, of which a large portion is available in digital form. Exploring and analyzing the vast volumes of data becomes increasingly difficult. This paper describes system Vitamin-S that aims to help when analyzing very large data sets.
Visual cognitive responses (P300) to moving stimuli were tested in 36 subjects with the aim to find the normal range of P300 parameters. Concomitantly, the circadian intra-individual variability of the P300 was studied in a subgroup of 6 subjects. Visual stimuli consisted of either coherent (frequent stimulus) or non-coherent motion (random stimulus). The oddball paradigm was applied for recording cognitive responses. P300 to rare stimuli had an average latency of 447.3±46.6 ms and amplitude of 12.9±6.0 mV. The average reaction time was in the range from 322 to 611 ms and there was no correlation between the reaction time and P300 latency. We did not find any significant circadian changes of the P300 parameters in the 6 subjects tested four times during the same day. Cognitive (event-related) responses (P300) displayed distinctly greater inter-individual variability (S.D. of 50 ms) when compared with pattern-reversal and motion-onset VEPs (S.D. of 6.0 ms and 14 ms, respectively). For this reason, the clinical use of P300 elicited by this kind of visual stimuli seems to be rather restricted and the evaluation of its intra-individual changes is preferable., Z. Kubová, J. Kremláček, J. Szanyi, J. Chlubnová, M. Kuba., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The West Bohemia earthquake swarm foci are approximated by a circular seismic source model, which radius is assumed to depend only on magnitude of the event. We consider two different models of average slip (i) a constant slip and (ii) a slip exponentially scaled to the magnitude of the event. Based on these assumptions, we stacked the contributions of individual events into representative final fault slip. We processed in such a way four significant swarms recorded during the last three decades in 1986, 1997, 2000 and 2008. Constant slip model indicates final slip was composed of 2 or 3 principal asperities located on one or two different planes. On the contrary, scaled slip model indicates that one big asperity prevails. It is not possible yet to select the preferred slip model. Analysis of the temporal activity of all swarms generally shows three principal phases: starting phase, main phase and fading phase; the upwards trend of activity spreading was observed (slip animation is presented in www supplement http://www.ig.cas.cz/kolar/StopPhase/Asperity). The maximal possible cumulative slip value may have reached the order of meters., Petr Kolář, Bohuslav Růžek, Alena Boušková and Josef Horálek., and Obsahuje bibliografii