Increased parasympathetic tone achieved with endurance training may provide cardioprotection after menopause. To compare heart rate variability (HRV) from rest through maximal exercise and recovery in trained postmenopausal women. Thirtysix postmenopausal women who self-reported training at either moderate (MOD; 3-5.9 METS; 58.9±4.4 year) or vigorous (VIG; >6 METS; 59.7±5.2 year) intensities participated. HRV was measured for 5 min in the supine position, in the last minute of the VO2max test and after 2 min of active recovery. HRV in MOD and VIG was compared using a factorial ANOVA with repeated measures on time. MOD and VIG responded similarly over the three time periods for root mean square of sequential deviations (rMSSD), and high (HF) and low frequency (LF) power (p>0.05). Maximal exercise lowered rMSSD (3.3±0.08 vs. 1.2±0.06) and lnLF (4.1±0.05 vs. 3.3±0.13) and increased lnHF (3.3±0.14 vs. 4.0±0.10; p<0.01) from resting. However, active recovery restored lnHF (3.3±0.11) and lnLF (4.1±0.08) from maximal values (p<0.01). Our findings suggest that moderate and vigorous exercise training may enhance HRV recovery following one bout of maximal exercise in older women., J. C. Orri, E. M. Hughes, D. G. Mistry, A. Scala., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Dyslipidemia is the risk fact or of cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between the plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and total/cardiovascular mortality has not yet been analy zed in Slavs. The aim of our study was to analy ze the association between the fasting TG levels and all- cause/cardiovascular mortality. We have examined 3,143 males and 3,650 females, aged 58.3±7.1 years. 729 deaths (274 cardiovascular deaths) have been registered during up to 11.8 years of follow -up. Age -sex adjusted all -cause mortality was higher in individuals with TG values 3.01 -4.00 mmol /l (HR 1.37, 95 % CI 1.02- 1.83, P=0.035) and over 4.00 mmol /l (HR 1.66, 95 % CI 1.21 -2.27, P=0.002) when compared with a reference group (TG 1.41 -1.80 mmol /l). Elevated risk remains significant when adjusted for education, marital status and unemployment. When further adjusted for smoking, BMI and dyslipidemia interventions, HR for those in above 4.00 mmol/l group decreas ed (1.42, P=0.04). The results have been similar when cardiovascular mortality has been examined, however, results reached statistical significance only for the TG over 4.0 mmol /l (P=0.028). Our results confirmed that enhanced plasma levels of plasma triglycerides are dose dependently associated with increased risk of all- cause mortality, however, it s eems that individuals with TG values 1.8 -3.0 mmol /l are not in higher risk of death., H. Pikhart, J. A. Hubáček, A. Peasey, R. Kubínová, M. Bobák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Both, common gene variants and human adenovirus 36 (Adv36) are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. The potential relationship between these two pathogenic factors has not yet been investigated. The aim of our study was to examine the association of obesity susceptibility loci with Adv36 status. Genotyping of ten gene variants (in/near TMEM18, SH2B1, KCTD15, PCSK1, BDNF, SEC16B, MC4R, FTO) and analysis of Adv36 antibodies was performed in 1,027 Czech adolescents aged 13.0-17.9 years. Variants of two genes (PCSK1 and BDNF) were associated with Adv36 seropositivity. A higher prevalence of Adv36 antibody positivity was observed in obesity risk allele carriers of PCSK1 rs6232, rs6235 and BDNF rs4923461 vs. noncarriers (χ2=6.59, p=0.010; χ2=7.56, p=0.023 and χ2=6.84, p=0.033, respectively). The increased risk of Adv36 positivity was also found in PCSK1 variants: rs6232 (OR=1.67, 95 % CI 1.11-2.49, p=0.016) and rs6235 (OR=1.34, 95 % CI 1.08-1.67, p=0.010). PCSK1 rs6232 and BDNF rs925946 variants were closely associated with Adv36 status in boys and girls, respectively (χ2=5.09, p=0.024; χ2=7.29, p=0.026). Furthermore, PCSK1 rs6235 risk allele was related to Adv36 seropositivity (χ2=6.85, p=0.033) in overweight/obese subgroup. In conclusion, our results suggest that obesity risk variants of PCSK1 and BDNF genes may be related to Adv36 infection., L. Dušátková, H. Zamrazilová, I. Aldhoon Hainerová, R. L. Atkinson, B. Sedláčková, Z. P. Lee, J. Včelák, B. Bendlová, M. Kunešová, V. Hainer., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Present study aimed to explore the levels and correlation of oxidative stress biomarkers with anthropometry in a population of young Saudi females. One hundred six normotensives, non-diabetic Saudi females, with minimally active lifestyle, based on their body mass index (BMI) were divided as; normal-weight (NW; n=52), overweight (OW; n=24) and obese (OB; n=30). Anthropometric measurements [BMI, Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), Body Density (BD), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), % Body fat] and oxidative stress biomarkers; Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), 8-hydroxy-2- deoxyguanosine (8-OH-2dG: indicative of DNA/RNA damage), Superoxide dismutase, Serum total antioxidant capacity) were recorded. There was statistically significant higher 8-OH-2dG (pg/ml) in OB compared to NW (800.63±6.19 vs. 780.22±3.34; p=0.007), as determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. 8-OH-2dG was significantly and positively associated with BMI (r=0.286, p=0.004), WC (r=0.280, p=0.005), BAI (r=0.26, p=0.008), and % body fat (r=0.27, p=0.006). There may be significantly increased DNA damage in normoglycemic, normotensive obese adolescent females. This can be linked to the amount of adipose tissue in the body as depicted by strong positive association between DNA damage and BMI, WC, BAI, and % body fat., R. Latif, N. Rafique., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The LRP5 gene is believed to be primarily associated with bone metabolism via Wnt signaling. The latter pathway, however, appears to control various other systems outside the skeleton. To find the relationships of the LRP5 gene to serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH ) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the cohort of normal postmenopausal women, we identified the C/T (c.4037:A1330V) polymorphism in the LRP5 gene using a restriction analysis of the PCR product in a cohort of 165 untreated pre- and post-menopausal women. In a subset of 111 post-menopausal women we analyzed the association between the LRP5 genotype and serum levels of sex-hormones including FSH and LH. The distribution of CC, TC and TT genotypes of the C/T polymorphism in the whole group was 73.9 %, 23.6 % and 2.4 %, respectively, which is comparable with other Caucasian populations. As no TT homozygote was found in the group of post-menopausal women, serum sex-hormones were compared between CC and TC genotypes. Women with the CT allele combination had markedly higher serum FSH levels as compared to carriers of the CC genotype (p<0.004). No differences between these genotypes were found in serum LH levels as well as the circulating sex-steroids such as estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and/or its sulphate, androstenedione and SHBG. To conclude, the LRP5 gene is associated with circulating FSH in normal post-menopausal women in the present study. The mediating role of subtle undetectable variations in estrogen levels is discussed. We did not find any relationship between the LRP-5 genotype and serum LH levels., I. Žofková, M. Hill, K. Zajíčková., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The subclass of triglyceride -rich lipoproteins - remnant -like particles (RLP) seems to be strong and independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We eva luated the role of RLP and other risk factors (RF) with sonographically measured intima - media thickness of carotid arteries (IMT CCA) in a cohort of Czech population including women defined according to the time after menopause. We investigated relation of IMT CCA to age, weight, central obesity, plasma lipids including remnant -like particles cholesterol (RLP -C) and triglycerides (RLP -TG) in 136 men and 160 women. Using multiple linear regression analysis, significant association between IMT CCA and RLP -C was found in women 1 -7 years after menopause. In the whole group of women, only age and fasting blood glucose were independently associated with IMT CCA. In men only age significantly correlated wit h IMT CCA. Significant decrease of all plasma lipids betwe en 1988 and 1996 in men was detected, while in women significant increase in triglycerides and no change in non -HDL cholesterol was observed. RLP -C was the strongest independent RF for atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women but its as sociation with IMT CC A was limited to several years after menopause. In conclusion, women changing reproductive status could be more sensitive to atherogenic impact of remnant lipoproteins., J. Piťha, J. Kovář, Z. Škodová, R. Cífková, P. Stávek, L. Červenka, T. Šejda, V. Lánská, R. Poledne., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Insulin resistance is present in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as in obese patients without diabetes. The aim of our study was to compare insulin action in diabetic and control persons with or without obesity and to evaluate the influence of serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride and blood pressure on metabolic variables of insulin action. We examined 42 Type 2 diabetic patients and 41 control persons with body mass index (BMI) from 21.1 to 64.5 kg.m-2, and 33 to 71 years old. The isoglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique was performed at an insulin infusion rate of 1 mU.kg-1.min-1 during 120 min. We evaluated the metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCRG, ml.kg-1.min-1) as the most important indicator of insulin action by isoglycemic clamp. The Pearson's correlation and multiple regression models were used to compare studied factors with the insulin action. We found following predictors of insulin resistance expressed in the relationship with MCRG: BMI (r = -0.68, p<0.001), plasma glucose concentration (r = -0.66, p<0.001), cholesterol (r=-0.55, p<0.001), triglycerides (r = -0.54, p<0.001) and mean blood pressure (r = -0.38, p<0.01). From the multiple regression analysis we conclude that obesity may have even greater influence on the insulin action than diabetes mellitus itself., G. Šindelka, J. Škrha, M. Prázný, T. Haas., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Obesity in childhood increases the risk of obesity in adulthood and is predictive for the development of metabolic disorders. The fatty acid composition is associated with obesity and obesityassociated disorders. We investigated the relationship between serum fatty acids composition, adiposity, lipids profile, parameters of glucose metabolism and leptin. The study subjects were 380 adolescents aged 15.0-17.9 years. The study's variables included anthropometric measurements, levels of serum lipids and hormonal parameters. Individual fatty acids were determined in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography. Palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7, PA) significantly positively correlated with percentage of body fat. Saturated fatty acids in phospholipids (PL) positively correlated with BMI and percentage of body fat. PA content in all lipids classes positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) levels. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity positively correlated with percentage of body fat and positive correlations of SCD and PA level with leptin were found. Plasma PA content and SCD are associated with adiposity and leptin in obese adolescents. No significant correlation between PA level and insulin resistance was found. Palmitoleate positively correlated with TC, HDL cholesterol, TG and LDL cholesterol levels., P. Hlavaty, E. Tvrzicka, B. Stankova, H. Zamrazilova, B. Sedlackova, L. Dusatkova, V. Hainer, M. Kunesova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Level of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is elevated and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and stem cells (SC) are decreased in patients undergoing renal transplantation (Tx) and may contribute to cardiovascular complications. We tested the hypothesis that ADMA, EPC and SC can be influenced with regular physical exercise early after Tx. Blood samples of ADMA, EPC, SC, adipocytokines and metabolic parameters were randomly obtained from 50 transplant patients before and 6 months after exercise program (Group I). Fifty age, sex HLA typing, duration of dialysis and immunosupression regimen-matched non exercising transplant were examined as controls (Group II). After 6 months, in Group I ADMA decreased (3.50±0.45 vs 2.11±0.35 μmol/l, P<0.01) and was lower comparing to Grou II (P<0.01), SC and EPC also decreased (2816±600 vs 2071±480 cells/ml resp. 194±87 to 125±67 cells/ml, P<0.02). Next changes in Group I: adiponectin (P<0.01), leptin (P<0.01), resistin (P<0.02). Visfatin, blood lipids, HbA1c, insulin and blood pressure were also influenced by training program (P<0.05)., V. Teplan, I. Králová Lesná, J. Piťha, A. Mahrová, J. Racek, I. Valkovský, A. Sekerková, M. Štollová., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The atherogenic impact and functional capacity of LCAT was studied and discussed over a half century. This review aims to clarify the key points that may affect the final decision on whether LCAT is an anti-atherogenic or atherogenic factor. There are three main processes involving the efflux of free cholesterol from peripheral cells, LCAT action in intravascular pool where cholesterol esterification rate is under the control of HDL, LDL and VLDL subpopulations, and finally the destination of newly produced cholesteryl esters either to the catabolism in liver or to a futile cycle with apoB lipoproteins. The functionality of LCAT substantially depends on its mass together with the composition of the phospholipid bilayer as well as the saturation and the length of fatty acyls and other effectors about which we know yet nothing. Over the years, LCAT puzzle has been significantly supplemented but yet not so satisfactory as to enable how to manipulate LCAT in order to prevent cardiometabolic events. It reminds the butterfly effect when only a moderate change in the process of transformation free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters may cause a crucial turn in the intended target. On the other hand, two biomarkers - FERHDL (fractional esterification rate in HDL) and AIP [log(TG/HDL-C)] can offer a benefit to identify the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). They both reflect the rate of cholesterol esterification by LCAT and the composition of lipoprotein subpopulations that controls this rate. In clinical practice, AIP can be calculated from the routine lipid profile with help of AIP calculator www.biomed.cas.cz/fgu/aip/calculator.php., M. Dobiášová., and Obsahuje bibliografii