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862. Professor Stárka and hormonal physiology - a brief history of a pioneer scientist, physician and manager
- Creator:
- Richard Hampl
- Format:
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- Type:
- article, editorials, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, Stárka, Luboslav, 1930-, 20.-21. století, endokrinologové, biochemici, výročí, endocrinologists, biochemists, anniversaries, Česko, Czechia, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Richard Hampl.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
863. Prompt rise in urinary ammonium excretion suffices to mitigate metabolic acidosis in an experimental animal model of severe normovolemic hemodilution
- Creator:
- Teloh, J. K., Waack, I. N., and Groot, H. de
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- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, acidóza, moč, močové cesty, acidosis, urine, urinary tract, renal acid excretion, normovolemic hemodilution, acute metabolic acidosis, ammonium excretion, acid-base homeostasis, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Recently, we have established a model of severe stepwise normovolemic hemodilution to a hematocrit of 10 % in rats employing three different colloidal volume replacement solutions (Voluven, Volulyte and Gelafundin) that are routinely used in clinical practice at present. We did not see severe dilutional acidosis as to be expected, but a decline in urinary pH. We here looked on further mechanisms of renal acid excretion during normovolemic hemodilution. Bicarbonate, which had been removed during normovolemic hemodilution, was calculated with the help of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The urinary amount of ammonium as well as phosphate was determined in residual probes. The absolute amount of free protons in urine was obtained from the pH of the respective samples. The amount of protons generated during normovolemic hemodilution was approximately 0.6 mmol. During experimental time (5.5 h), distinct urinary ammonium excretion occurred (Voluven 0.52 mmol, Volulyte 0.39 mmol and Gelafundin 0.77 mmol). Proton excretion via the phosphate buffer constituted 0.04 mmol in every experimental group. Excretion of free protons was in the range of 10-6 mmol. The present data prove that the prompt rise in urinary ammonium excretion is also valid for acute metabolic acidosis originating from severe normovolemic hemodilution., J. K. Teloh, I. N. Waack, H. de Groot., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
864. Prophylactic inhalation of L-alanyl-L-glutamine enhances heat shock protein 72 and attenuates endotoxin-induced lung injury in rats
- Creator:
- Chuang, I.-C., Huang, M.-S., Huang, L.-J., Chou, S.-H., Tsai, T.-N., Chen, Y.-C., and Yang, R.-C.
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, glutamine, heat shock protein 72, acute lung injury, aerosol therapy, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Studies have demonstrated that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) plays an important role in the protection of stressed organisms. The development of strategies for enhancing HSPs expression may provide novel means of minimizing inflammatory lung conditions, such as acute lung injury. This study aimed to examine the effect of L-alanyl-L-glutamine (GLN) inhalation in enhancing pulmonary HSP72 (inducible HSP70) expression and attenuating lung damage in a model of acute lung injury induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhalation. The experimental rats were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: (1) NS: saline inhalation; (2) NS-LPS: pretreatment by saline inhalation 12 h before LPS inhalation; (3) GLN: glutamine inhalation; (4) GLN-LPS: pretreatment by glutamine inhalation 12 h before LPS inhalation. The results show that GLN compared with saline administration, led to significant increase in lung HSP72 both in non LPS-treated rats and LPS-treated rats. In LPStreated rats, pretreatment by GLN inhalation produced less lung injury as evidenced by the decrease in lung injury score and dramatic decrease in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and polymorphonuclear leukocyte cell differentiation counts (PMN %) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The study indicates that prophylactic glutamine inhalation associated with the enhancement of HSP72 synthesis attenuates tissue damage in experimental lung injury., I.-C. Chuang, M.-S. Huang, L.-J. Huang, S.-H. Chou, T.-N. Tsai, Y.-C. Chen, R.-C. Yang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
865. Proportions of myosin heavy chain mRNAs, protein isoforms and fiber types in the slow and fast skeletal muscles are maintained after alterations of thyroid status in rats
- Creator:
- Tomáš Soukup and Diallo, M.
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- Type:
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- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hormony štítné žlázy, thyroid hormones, muscle gene expresion, MyHC isoforms and muscle fiber types, quantitative real time RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE and 2-D stereological analysis, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Recently, we have established that slow soleus (SOL) and fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of euthyroid (EU) Lewis rats posses the same proportions between their four myosin heavy chain (MyHC) mRNAs , protein isoforms and fiber types as determined by real time RT-PCR, SDS-PAGE and 2-D stereological fiber type analysis, respectively. In the present paper we investigated if these proportions are maintained in adult Lewis rats with hyperthyroid (HT) and hypothyroid (HY) status. Although HT and HY states change MyHC isoform expression, results from all three methods showed that proportion between MyHC mRNA-1, -2a, -2x/d, -2b , protein isoforms MyHC-1, -2a, -2x/d, -2b and to lesser extent also fiber types 1, 2A, 2X/D, 2B were preserved in both SOL and EDL muscles. Furthermore, in the SOL muscle mRNA expression of slow MyHC-1 remained up to three orders higher compared to fast MyHC transcripts, which explains the predominance of MyHC-1 isoform and fiber type 1 even in HT rats. Although HT status led in the SOL to increased expression of MyHC-2a mRNA, MyHC-2a isoform and 2A fibers, it preserved extremely low expression of MyHC-2x and -2b mRNA and protein isoforms, which explains the absence of pure 2X/D and 2B fibers. HY status, on the other hand, almost completely abolished expression of all three fast MyHC mRNAs , MyHC protein isoforms and fast fiber types in the SOL muscle. Our data present evidence that a correlation between mRNA , protein content and fiber type composition found in EU status is also preserved in HT and HY rats., T. Soukup, M. Diallo., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
866. Proteasomes in lungs from organ donors and patients with end-stage pulmonary diseases
- Creator:
- Baker, T. A., Bach, H. H., Gamelli, R. L., Love, R. B., and Majetschak, M.
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, plicní fibróza, pulmonary fibrosis, 20S proteasome, 26S proteasome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Proteasomes appear to be involved in the pathophysiology of various acute and chronic lung diseases. Information on the human lung proteasome in health and disease, however, is sparse. Therefore, we studied whether end-stage pulmonary diseases are associated with alterations in lung 20S/26S proteasome content, activity and 20S subunit composition. Biopsies were obtained from donor lungs (n=7) and explanted lungs from patients undergoing lung transplantation because of end stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; n=7), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, n=7) and pulmonary sarcoidosis (n=5). 20S/26S proteasomes in lung extracts were quantified by ELISA, chymotrypsin-like proteasome peptidase activities measured and 20S proteasome β subunits analyzed by Western blot. As compared with donor lungs, proteasome content was increased in IPF and sarcoidosis, but not in COPD. The relative distribution of free 20S and 26S proteasomes was similar; 20S proteasome was predominant in all extracts. Proteasome peptidase activities in donor and diseased lungs were indistinguishable. All extracts contained a mixed composition of inducible 20S β immuno-subunits and their constitutive counterparts; a disease associated distribution could not be identified. A higher content of lung proteasomes in IPF and pulmonary sarcoidosis may contribute to the pathophysiology of human fibrotic lung diseases., T. A. Baker, H. H. Bach IV, R. L. Gemelli, R. B. Love, M. Majetschak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
867. Protection of cardiac cell-to-cell coupling attenuate myocardial remodeling and proarrhythmia induced by hypertension
- Creator:
- Egan Benova, T., Szeiffova Bacova, B., Viczenczova, C., Diez, E., Miroslav Barančík, and Narcisa Tribulová
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, hypertenze, hypertension, arrhythmias, connexin-43, cardioprotection, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Gap junction connexin channels are important determinants of myocardial conduction and synchronization that is crucial for coordinated heart function. One of the main risk factors for cardiovascular events that results in heart attack, congestive heart failure, stroke as well as sudden arrhythmic death is hypertension. Mislocalization and/or dysfunction of specific connexin-43 channels due to hypertension-induced myocardial remodeling have been implicated in the occurrence of lifethreatening arrhythmias and heart failure in both, humans as well as experimental animals. Recent studies suggest that downregulation of myocardial connexin-43, its abnormal distribution and/or phosphorylation might be implicated in this process. On the other hand, treatment of hypertensive animals with cardioprotective drugs (e.g. statins) or supplementation with non-pharmacological compounds, such as melatonin, omega-3 fatty acids and red palm oil protects from lethal arrhythmias. The antiarrhythmic effects are attributed to the attenuation of myocardial connexin-43 abnormalities associated with preservation of myocardial architecture and improvement of cardiac conduction. Findings uncover novel mechanisms of cardioprotective (antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic) effects of compounds that are used in clinical settings. Well-designed trials are needed to explore the antiarrhythmic potential of these compounds in patients suffering from hypertension., T. Egan Benova, B. Szeiffova Bacova, C. Viczenczova, E. Diez, M. Barancik, N. Tribulova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
868. Protection of dopamine neurons by vibration training and up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease
- Creator:
- Zhao, L., He, L. X., Huang, S. N., Gong, L. J., Li, L., Lv, Y. Y., and Qian, Z. M.
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- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, Parkinsonova nemoc, dopamin, Parkinson's disease, dopamine, vibration training (VT), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), substantia nigra, striatum, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- It is unknown whether the longer duration of vibration training (VT) has a beneficial effect on Parkinson's disease (PD). And also, the mechanisms underlying the reported sensorimotorimprovement in PD induced by short-duration of VT has not been determined. Here, we investigated the effects of longer duration (4 weeks) of low amplitude vibration (LAV) training on the numbers of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra by immunostaining and the levels of dopamine (DA) and brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the striatum by HPLC and ELISA in the chronic MPTP lesion mouse. We demonstrated for the first time that the longer duration of VT could significantly increase the numbers of nigrostriatal DA neurons and the contents of striatal DA and BDNF in the MPTP mice. Our findings implied that longer duration of VT could protect dopaminergic neurons from the MPTP-induced damage probably by upregulating BDNF and also provided evidence for the beneficial effect of longer duration of VT on PD at the cellular and molecular level., L. Zhao, L. X. He, S. N. Huang, L. J. Gong, L. Li, Y. Y. Lv, Z. M. Qian., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
869. Protective effect of ginsenoside against acute renal failure via reduction of renal oxidative stress and enhanced expression of ChAT in the proximal convoluted tubule and ERK1/2 in the paraventricular nuclei
- Creator:
- Zhou, J., Zhang, H. A., Lin, Y., Liu, H. M., Cui, Y. M., Xu, Y., Zhao, N., Ma, J. M., Fan, K., and Jiang, C. L.
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- Type:
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- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, akutní selhání ledvin, acute renal failure, ginsenoside, proximal convoluted tubular cells, choline acetyltransferase, paraventricular nuclei, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Generation of reactive oxygen species significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of acute renal failure (ARF) induced by myoglobin release. Ginsenosides (GS), the principal active ingredients of ginseng, is considered as an extremely good antioxidative composition of Chinese traditional and herbal drugs. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of ginsenoside in rats with ARF on the changes of cholinergic nervous system in the kidney as well as on the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei (PVN). In our assay, glycerolinduced acute renal failure in rats was employed to study the protective effects of ginsenoside. Our results indicated that the treatment of ARF rats with ginsenosides for 48 h significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, restored the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level. Meanwhile, the obvious increase of choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactivity (ChAT-IR) in the proximal convoluted tubular cells (PCT) was observed by immunohistochemistry in ARF+GS group. The same effect was also observed in the changes of p-ERK1/2-IR in the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei. Our results suggest that ginsenoside administered orally may have a strong renal protective effect against glycerol-induced ARF, reduce the renal oxidative stress, and ginsenoside can also activate the cholinergic system in PCT, simultaneously MAPK signal pathway in the PVN was also activated., J. Zhou, H. A. Zhang, Y. Lin, H. M. Liu, Y. M. Cui, Y. Xu, N. Zhao, J. M. Ma, K. Fan, C. L. Jiang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
870. Protective effect of quercetin on ischemia/reperfusion-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats
- Creator:
- Možiš, J., Katarína Hviščová, Germanová, D., Bukovičová, D., and Ladislav Mirossay
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- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, ischemie, ischemia, quercetin, gastric mucosa, ischemia/reperfusion, indomethacin, rats, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This study was designed to determine the gastroprotective properties of quercetin in ischemia/reperfusion-induced gastric mucosal injury and the involvement of endogenous prostaglandins in this process. Oral pretreatment of rats with quercetin (100 mg.kg-1) 30 min before surgery significantly decreased the length of gastric mucosal lesions. However, lower doses of quercetin (25 and 50 mg.kg-1) only slightly decreased the gastric mucosal injury. Intraperitoneal application of indomethacin (5 mg.kg-1) had no effect in control (sham-operated) animals, but significantly worsened gastric injury in non-treated animals after ischemia/reperfusion. Furthermore, indomethacin only slightly reversed protective effect of quercetin. Non-treated animals showed a marked decrease in adherent mucus after ischemia/reperfusion. On the other hand, application of quercetin prevented this significant decrease even in animals pretreated with indomethacin. It can be concluded that antioxidant properties of quercetin and its mucus protective effect might be the main factors responsible for its protective effect against ischemia/reperfusion-induced gastric mucosal injury., J. Mojžiš, K. Hviščová, D. Germanová, D. Bukovičová, L. Mirossay., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public