Adheze buněk na umělé materiály konstruované pro potenciální biomedicínské využití je regulována povrchovými fyzikálně-chemickými vlastnostmi těchto materiálů. Ozáření polyethylenu ionty O+ a C+ v této studii vedlo k formování chemických funkčních skupin s obsahem kyslíku na jeho povrchu, konjugovaných dvojných vazeb mezi atomy uhlíku, zvýšení povrchové smáčivosti a zvýšení adsorpce kolagenu IV tj. proteinu zprostředkujícího adhezi buněk. Cévní hladké svalové buňky potkana adherovaly k modifikovanému materiálu ve zvýšeném počtu, větší plochou a syntetizovaly více kontraktilních proteinů α-aktinu a SM-myosinů. Podobně i snížení povrchové drsnosti uhlíkových kompozitních materiálů, které jsou perspektivní pro konstrukci kostních náhrad, vedlo ke zvýšení jejich smáčivosti, adsorpce kolagenu IV a následné adheze, růstu a diferenciace lidských kostních buněk., Lucie Bačáková, Lenka Nosková, Elena Filová, Václav Švorčík, Eva Koutná, Vladimír Starý, Jakub Horník, Petr Glogar., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Genes for adiponectin and resistin are candidate genes of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) 45T>G and 276G>T of the adiponectin gene and 62G>A and -180C>G of the resistin gene in patients with obesity (OB), anorexia nervosa (AN) and in control healthy normal-weight women (NW) and to study the influence of particular genotypes on serum concentrations of these hormones and on insulin sensitivity. Serum adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), insulin, cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and blood glucose levels were measured in 77 patients with OB, 28 with AN and 38 NW. DNA analysis was carried out by polymerase chain reaction with restriction analysis of PCR product. The presence of SNP ADP+276 G>T allele was accompanied by higher cholesterol levels in AN patients, higher adiponectin concentrations in OB patients and lower HbA1c levels in NW. SNP of the resistin gene 62G>A was associated with lower HbA1c in NW and higher cholesterol concentrations in OB group. The carriers of the minor G allele in the position -180 of the resistin gene within AN group had significantly higher BMI relative to non-carriers. We conclude that polymorphisms in adiponectin and resistin genes can contribute to metabolic phenotype of patients with obesity and anorexia nervosa., J. Křížová, M. Dolinková, Z. Lacinová, Š. Sulek, R. Doležalová, J. Housová, J. Krajíčková, D. Haluzíková, L. Bošanská, H. Papežová, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Serum levels of adiponectin were measured in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer of pT2 and pT3 stage. Adiponectin ELISA assay, immunohistochemistry, and selected metabolic and biochemical parameters measurement was performed in 25 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and 43 with prostate cancer (17 patients with organ-confined and 26 patients with locally advanced disease). Serum adiponectin levels did not differ between prostate benign hyperplasia and cancer clinical stage T2, but was significantly higher in pT3 relative to pT2 group (14.51± 4.92 vs. 21.41±8. 12, P = 0.003). Tissue immunohistochemistry showed enhanced staining in neoplastic prostate glands and intraepithelial neoplasia relative to benign prostatic hyperplasia without distinction between disease grade and stage. Serum adiponectin levels are higher in locally advanced relative to organ-confined prostate cancer and may thus serve as an auxiliary marker providing further improvement for discrimination between pT2 and pT3 stages., D. Housa, Z. Vernerová, J. Heráček, B. Procházka, P. Čechák, J. Kuncová, M. Haluzík., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Adiponectin (APN), an adipose tissue-excreted adipokine, plays protective roles in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the effects and mechanisms of APN on biological functions of rat vascular endothelial progenitor cells (VEPCs) were investigated in vitro . After administrating APN in rat VEPCs, the proliferation was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method, the apoptotic rate was test by Flow cytometry assay, mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and protein expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and phospho-STAT3 (pSTAT3) was analyzed by Western blot. It was suggested that APN promoted the optical density (OD) value of VEPCs, enhanced mRNA expression of Bcl-2 and VEGF, and inhibited cell apoptotic rate. Furthermore, protein expression of pSTAT3 was also increased in the presence of APN. Moreover, APN changed-proliferation, apoptosis and VEGF expression of VEPCs were partially suppressed after blocking the mTOR-STAT3 signaling pathway by the mTOR inhibitor XL388. It was indicated that APN promoted biological functions of VEPCs through targeting the mTOR-STAT3 signaling pathway., Xiaoying Dong, Xia Yan, Wei Zhang, Shengqiu Tang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
High -energy intake which exceeds energy expenditure leads to the accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue, predominantly in large -size adipocytes. This metabolic shift, which drives the liver to produce atherogenic dyslipidemia, is well documented. In addition, an increasing amount of monocytes/macrophages, predominantly the proinflammatory M1- type, cumulates in ectopic adipose tissue. The mechanism of this process, the turnover of macrophages in adipose tissue and their direct atherogenic effects all remain to be analyzed., R. Poledne, I. Králová Lesná, S. Čejková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
For a given bi-continuous semigroup $(T(t))_{t\geq 0}$ on a Banach space $X$ we define its adjoint on an appropriate closed subspace $X^\circ $ of the norm dual $X'$. Under some abstract conditions this adjoint semigroup is again bi-continuous with respect to the weak topology $\sigma (X^\circ ,X)$. We give the following application: For $\Omega $ a Polish space we consider operator semigroups on the space ${\rm C_b}(\Omega )$ of bounded, continuous functions (endowed with the compact-open topology) and on the space ${\rm M}(\Omega )$ of bounded Baire measures (endowed with the weak$^*$-topology). We show that bi-continuous semigroups on ${\rm M}(\Omega )$ are precisely those that are adjoints of bi-continuous semigroups on ${\rm C_b}(\Omega )$. We also prove that the class of bi-continuous semigroups on ${\rm C_b}(\Omega )$ with respect to the compact-open topology coincides with the class of equicontinuous semigroups with respect to the strict topology. In general, if $\Omega $ is not a Polish space this is not the case.
Using the concept of the $ {\mathrm H}_1$-integral, we consider a similarly defined Stieltjes integral. We prove a Riemann-Lebesgue type theorem for this integral and give examples of adjoint classes of functions.
Let y be observation vector in the usual linear model with expectation Aβ and covariance matrix known up to a multiplicative scalar, possibly singular. A linear statistic aTy is called invariant estimator for a parametric function ϕ=cTβ if its MSE depends on β only through ϕ. It is shown that aTy is admissible invariant for ϕ, if and only if, it is a BLUE of ϕ, in the case when ϕ is estimable with zero variance, and it is of the form kϕˆ, where k∈⟨0,1⟩ and ϕˆ is an arbitrary BLUE, otherwise. This result is used in the one- and two-way ANOVA models. Our paper is self-contained and accessible, also for non-specialists.
Christian Hartmann, Thomas Vordermeyer, Othmar Plöckinger, and Roman Töppel (eds.). Hitler, Mein Kampf: Eine kritische Edition. Munich and Berlin: Institut für Zeitgeschichte, 2016, vols 1-2, 947 + 1019 pp., ISBN 978-3-9814052-3-1. With Edith Raim, Pascal Trees, Angelika Reizle, and Martina Seewald-Mooser. Includes illustrations, maps, a list of all known translations of Mein Kampf before 1945, a list of abbreviations, a detailed bibliography in three parts (before 1932, 1933-45, after 1945), and four indexes (a biographical index and indexes of persons, places, and subjects).In the form of an essay, the author comments here on the 2016 critical edition of Hitler’s Mein Kampf (1925-26), edited by a team of historians from the Institute of Contemporary History in Munich, with additional assistance from others. He contemplates the nature and importance of this book and discusses its author and his meaning in the history of twentieth-century central Europe. He then discusses some of the ideas of Mein Kampf, and clarifi es the historical context of the work, returning to the circumstances that led to its being written and published. He also discusses some of Hitler’s fellow travellers in the Nazi movement, who were of importance for this key work. The author brings up episodes in Hitler’s life, and pays particular attention to his still unclear transformation from an apolitical soldier into a zealous antisemite and political agitator of exceptional rhetorical skill, who was able to bewitch the German people and become their Führer. The author also discusses the diffi culties that the editors of this critical edition had to struggle with, and he praises their work as utterly solid and astonishingly thorough, particularly the commentaries in the huge critical apparatus. The author concludes by discussing reactions both to the fi rst edition of Mein Kampf and to this critical edition, and he discusses various attempts to publish a Czech edition.
Abstrakt: Mezi představitele filosofické antropologie bývá řazen také švýcarský biolog a zoolog Adolf Portmann. Studie zkoumá legitimitu tohoto zařazení prostřednictvím analýzy filosofické relevance Portmannova myšlení, a to na příkladu dvou nejznámějších motivů jeho díla: jednak původního a objevného konceptu „extra-uterinálního“ prvního roku života lidského mláděte v tzv. sociálním uteru, jednak převzatého konceptu „niternosti“, který je charakteristický pro všechny živočichy. Během „extra-uterinálního“ roku lidské mládě postupně vrůstá do lidského světa prostřednictvím osvojování tří základních lidských rysů. Jde o vzpřímené držení těla, které osvobozuje ruce a vede k zaujetí frontální pozice vůči nyní se otevírajícímu světu, dále o osvojování si řeči prostřednictvím slov a znaků a konečně o rozvíjení „technické“ inteligence či jednání na základě vhledu. V těchto třech výlučně humánních formách vedení života se podle Portmanna rovněž demonstruje i „niternost“, která je typicky lidským způsobem sebe-manifestace. Na základě definování souvislostí obou výše zmíněných Portmannových konceptů by bylo možné koncipovat takové určení člověka jakožto osoby, které by se stalo fundamentálním prvkem klasicky pojaté filosofické antropologie. Toto určení však Portmann sám nikdy nevypracoval, a zůstává tedy v odborné literatuře doposud pouhým desideratem., Adolf Portmann is counted among the key protagonists of philosophical anthropology, although he was formerly a biologist and zoologist. Thus, the paper presented here poses the question of the legitimacy of such a claim and investigates the philosophical relevance of Portmann’s work. Two of his most renowned conceptions serve as examples: First, the “extra-uterine” year in the “social uterus,” during which the human child grows into the upright carriage of body, learns of speech through words and signs and learns of “technical intelligence,” all of which together make the child become a genuine human being. Second, the conception of “Innerlichkeit,” which is rendered into English as “centricity,” is a common feature of all living beings and is significant through self-manifestation. The two conceptions are intertwined with one another and offer the basis for an eventual conception of the human being as a person. This is a fundamental tenant of classical philosophical anthropology, something which Portmann himself never elaborated on, and it thus remains a desideratum in the scholarship., and Adolf Portmann wird allzu selbstverständlich unter die Protagonisten der philosophischen Anthropologie gerechnet, obwohl er eigentlich vom Fach her Biologe und Zoologe war. Deshalb stellt die vorliegende Studie die Frage nach der Legitimität dieser Meinung und der philosophischen Relevanz Portmanns anhand einer Überlegung über zweierlei Grundkonzeptionen, durch welche Portmann bekannt wurde: Einerseits das „Extra-uterine“ Jahr im „Sozial-Uterus“, während dessen das frühzeitig geborene Kind sich sowohl die aufrechte Haltung des Körpers als auch die Wort- und Zeichensprache und schließlich das „technische Denken“, bzw. „einsichtige Handeln“ aneignet, die alle zusammen laut Portmann das Kind überhaupt erst zu einem Menschen machen. Andererseits die „Innerlichkeit“, die als ein Grundzug aller Lebewesen in der „Selbstdarstellung“ besteht und sich vollzieht. Beide Grundkonzeptionen hängen miteinander zusammen und können zur Grundlage einer möglichen Konzeption des Menschen als einer Person dienen, welche zwar für die klassische philosophische Anthropologie grundlegend ist, die jedoch von Portmann nie vorgelegt wurde und die deshalb als ein eventuelles Desiderat in der Fachliteratur aussteht.