In this paper we study the notions of finite turn of a curve and finite turn of tangents of a curve. We generalize the theory (previously developed by Alexandrov, Pogorelov, and Reshetnyak) of angular turn in Euclidean spaces to curves with values in arbitrary Banach spaces. In particular, we manage to prove the equality of angular turn and angular turn of tangents in Hilbert spaces. One of the implications was only proved in the finite dimensional context previously, and equivalence of finiteness of turn with finiteness of turn of tangents in arbitrary Banach spaces. We also develop an auxiliary theory of one-sidedly smooth curves with values in Banach spaces. We use analytic language and methods to provide analogues of angular theorems. In some cases our approach yields stronger results (for example Corollary 5.12 concerning the permanent properties of curves with finite turn) than those that were proved previously with geometric methods in Euclidean spaces.
The Ongota language, recently (1981) rediscovered idiom from southwest Ethiopia, paradoxically belongs to the best described languages of the region, although today the number of its speakers oscillate around 10 old persons, while most of the members of the tribe speak Tsamay. The recent descriptions were realized thanks to three scientific expeditions to Ongota: (1) Fleming et al. (including Pavel Mikeš, a former member of the Oriental Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic) - 1990; (2) Kusia & Siebert - 1994; (3) Sáva & Tosco - 2000-01. On the basis of these three sources the present article analyzes the lexical data of Ongota common with Cushitic and Omotic.
Eighteen open problems posed during FSTA 2010 (Liptovský Ján, Slovakia) are presented. These problems concern copulas, triangular norms and related aggregation functions. Some open problems concerning effect algebras are also included.
After exposing one half of a low light-adapted kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) leaf to high light, parameters of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence, such as PSII operating efficiency, PSII maximum efficiency under light, and photochemical quenching, decreased in the opposite half of the same leaf, whereas the capacity of the cyanide-resistant respiratory pathway significantly increased. When one half of the low light-adapted leaf was exposed to low light, the opposite half pretreated with 1 mM salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM, an inhibitor of the cyanide-resistant respiratory pathway) did not exhibit significant changes in the Chl fluorescence values compared with the without SHAM pretreatment. However, after exposing one half of the low light-adapted leaf to high light, the opposite half pretreated with 1 mM SHAM showed lower Chl fluorescence values than that without SHAM pretreatment. Our results indicate that partial exposure of the low light-adapted leaf to high light can impose a systemic stress on the PSII photochemistry. The enhanced capacity of the cyanide-resistant respiratory pathway may be involved in the maintenance of the photosynthetic performance in the leaf tissues experiencing high light-induced systemic stress., H.-Q. Feng, S.-Z. Tang, K. Sun, L.-Y. Jia, R.-F. Wang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The issues related to cybersecurity are being amplified by the growing role of the Internet of Things devices in current digital economy. The focus of this contribution is to examine the challenges of IoT environment for the corporate cybersecurity from the legal perspective with regards to the specific role of small and medium enterprises. It provides an introduction into the environment of SMEs and the transformation of their operations through new technologies, followed by highlights of the cybersecurity challenges brought by the IoT. Core part of the contribution is an analysis of the applicable legal frameworks and discussion of the broader picture with regard to this specific perspective on the regulation of corporate cybersecurity., František Kasl., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
It is well known that the linear extension majority (LEM) relation of a poset of size n≥9 can contain cycles. In this paper we are interested in obtaining minimum cutting levels αm such that the crisp relation obtained from the mutual rank probability relation by setting to 0 its elements smaller than or equal to αm, and to 1 its other elements, is free from cycles of length m. In a first part, theoretical upper bounds for αm are derived using known transitivity properties of the mutual rank probability relation. Next, we experimentally obtain minimum cutting levels for posets of size n≤13. We study the posets requiring these cutting levels in order to have a cycle-free strict cut of their mutual rank probability relation. Finally, a lower bound for the minimum cutting level α4 is computed. To accomplish this, a family of posets is used that is inspired by the experimentally obtained 12-element poset requiring the highest cutting level to avoid cycles of length 4.