A myxosporean producing actinospores of the tetractinomyxon type in Hydroides norvegicus Gunnerus (Serpulidae) in Denmark was identified as a member of the family Parvicapsulidae based on small-subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences. Myxosporean samples from various Danish and Norwegian marine fishes were examined with primers that detect the novel myxosporean. Sprattus sprattus (Linnaeus) and Clupea harengus Linnaeus (Teleostei, Clupeidae) were found to be infected. The sequences of this parvicapsulid from these hosts were consistently slightly different (0.8% divergence), but both these genotypes were found in H. norvegicus. Disporic trophozoites and minute spores of a novel myxosporean type were observed in the renal tubules of some of the hosts found infected through PCR. The spores appear most similar to those of species of Gadimyxa Køie, Karlsbakk et Nylund, 2007, but are much smaller. The actinospores of the tetractinomyxon type from H. norvegicus have been described previously. In GenBank, the SSU rDNA sequences of Parvicapsulidae gen. sp. show highest identity (82%) with Parvicapsula minibicornis Kent, Whitaker et Dawe, 1997 infecting salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) in fresh water in the western North America. A phylogenetic analysis places P. minibicornis and Parvicapsulidae gen. sp. in a sister clade to the other parvicapsulids (Parvicapsula spp. and Gadimyxa spp.).
We mainly prove: Assume that each output function of DCNN is bounded on R and satisfies the Lipschitz condition, if is a periodic function with period ω each i, then DCNN has a unique ω-period solution and all other solutions of DCNN converge exponentially to it, where is a Lipschitz constant of for i=1,2,...,n.
We report on detailed studies of the absorption line spectrum and spectroscopic orbit of the binary BN2.5Ib star HD 235679. We also give ao preliminary report on our study of the Hα emission line profiles from this perplexing system. Hipparcos and Tycho2 astrometric data allow us to place limits on the distance to the system. The lack of a measurable reflection effect in the Hipparcos photometry allows us to rule out the possibility that the massive invisible star is cool and fills its Roche lobe. Thus, by process of elimination, the invisible star must be hot or a black hole. The properties of the Hα profiles suggest that the invisible star is somewhat hotter, and has a stronger wind than HD235679.
The present paper studies the \textit{approximate value iteration} (AVI) algorithm for the average cost criterion with bounded costs and Borel spaces. It is shown the convergence of the algorithm and provided a performance bound assuming that the model satisfies a standard continuity-compactness assumption and a uniform ergodicity condition. This is done for the class of approximation procedures that can be represented by linear positive operators which give exact representation of constant functions and also satisfy certain continuity property. The main point is that these operators define transition probabilities on the state space of the controlled system. This has the following important consequences: (a) the approximating function is the average value of the target function with respect to the induced transition probability; (b) the approximation step in the AVI algorithm can be seen as a perturbation of the original Markov model; (c) the perturbed model inherits the ergodicity properties imposed on the original Markov model. These facts allow to bound the AVI algorithm performance in terms of the accuracy of the approximations given by this kind of operators for the primitive data model, namely, the one-step reward function and the system transition law. The bounds are given in terms of the supremum norm of bounded functions and the total variation norm of finite-signed measures. The results are illustrated with numerical approximations for a class of single item inventory systems with linear order cost, no set-up cost and no back-orders.
There are nine antirealist explanations of the success of science in the literature. I raise difficulties against all of them except the latest one, and then construct a pessimistic induction that the latest one will turn out to be problematic because its eight forerunners turned out to be problematic. This pessimistic induction is on a par with the traditional pessimistic induction that successful present scientific theories will be revealed to be false because successful past scientific theories were revealed to be false., V literatuře existuje devět antirealistických vysvětlení úspěchu vědy. Vyvolávám obtíže proti všem, s výjimkou posledního, a pak buduji pesimistickou indukci, že poslední z nich bude problematická, protože osm předchůdců se ukázalo jako problematické. Tato pesimistická indukce je na stejné úrovni s tradiční pesimistickou indukcí, že úspěšné současné vědecké teorie budou odhaleny jako nepravdivé, protože úspěšné minulé vědecké teorie byly odhaleny jako nepravdivé., and Seungbae Park
Motivated by applications to transition semigroups, we introduce the notion of a norming dual pair and study a Pettis-type integral on such pairs. In particular, we establish a sufficient condition for integrability. We also introduce and study a class of semigroups on such dual pairs which are an abstract version of transition semigroups. Using our results, we give conditions ensuring that a semigroup consisting of kernel operators has a Laplace transform which also consists of kernel operators. We also provide conditions under which a semigroup is uniquely determined by its Laplace transform.
A phycoerythrin-allophycocyanin (PE-AP) complex was obtained from intact phycobilisomes of the marine red alga Polysiphonia urceolata. Study of spectral properties and polypeptide components showed that the complex contains PE, phycocyanin, AP, and higher proportional linker proteins of the four groups present in intact phycobilisomes. and Li Sun, Shumei Wang.
PAM (pulse amplitude modulation) fluorometers can be used to estimate the electron transport rate (ETR) [μmol(e-) m-2 s-1] from photosynthetic yield determinations, provided the absorptance (Abtλ) of the photoorganism is known. The standard assumed value used for absorptance is 0.84 (leaf absorptance factor, AbtF). We described a reflectance-absorptancetransmittance (RAT) meter for routine experimental measurements of the actual absorptance of leaves. The RAT uses a red-green-blue (RGB) LED diode light source to measure absorptances at wavelengths suitable for use with PAM fluorometers and infrared gas analysers. Results using the RAT were compared to Abtλ spectra using a Taylor integrating sphere on bird’s nest fern (Asplenium nidus), banana, Doryanthes excelsa, Kalanchoe daigremontiana, and sugarcane. Parallel venation had no significant effect upon Abt465 in banana, Doryanthes, a Dendrobium orchid, pineapple, and sugarcane, but there was a slight difference in the case of the fern A. nidus. The average Abt465 (approximately 0.96) and Abt625 (approximately 0.89) were approximately 14% and 6% higher than the standard value (AbtF = 0.84). The PAR-range Abt400-700 was only approximately 5% higher than the standard value (approximately 0.88) based on averaged absorptance from the blue, green, and red light data and from where the RGB-diode was used as a ‘white’ light source. In some species, absorptances at blue and red wavelengths are quite different (e.g. water lily). Reflectance measurements of leaves using the RAT would also be useful for remote sensing studies., R. J. Ritchie, J. W. Runcie., and Obsahuje bibliografii