This article describes statistical evaluation of the computational model for precipitation forecast and proposes a method for uncertainty modelling of rainfall-runoff models in the Floreon+ system based on this evaluation. The Monte-Carlo simulation method is used for estimating possible river discharge and provides several confidence intervals that can support the decisions in operational disaster management. Experiments with other parameters of the model and their influence on final river discharge are also discussed.
Knowledge on soil moisture is indispensable for a range of hydrological models, since it exerts a considerable influence on runoff conditions. Proper tools are nowadays applied in order to gain in-sight into soil moisture status, especially of uppermost soil layers, which are prone to weather changes and land use practices. In order to establish relationships between meteorological conditions and topsoil moisture, a simple model would be required, characterized by low computational effort, simple structure and low number of identified and calibrated parameters. We demonstrated, that existing model for shallow soils, considering mass exchange between two layers ( the upper and the lower), as well as with the atmosphere and subsoil, worked well for sandy loam with deep ground water table in Warsaw conurbation. GLUE (Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation) linked with GSA (Global Sensitivity Analysis) provided for final determination of parameter values and model confidence ranges. Including the uncertainty in a model structure, caused that the median soil moisture solution of the GLUE was shifted from the one optimal in deterministic sense. From the point of view of practical model application, the main shortcoming were the underestimated water exchange rates between the lower soil layer (ranging from the depth of 0.1 to 0.2 m below ground level) and subsoil. General model quality was found to be satisfactory and promising for its utilization for establishing measures to regain retention in urbanized conditions.
Area of the Czech Republic is located in headwater area of central Europe. As a result a flood concentration and travel times are quite short (generally from hours to 2 or 3 days). Therefore QPF must be used to provide sufficient lead-time of the hydrological forecast. In addition, the significant orography influence demands rather detailed spatial resolution of NWP model. ALADIN NWP precipitation forecast is used for hydrological models. ALADIN produces only deterministic QPF. Hence the evaluation of QPF uncertainty from the hydrological point of view is necessary. For different basins, time intervals and QPF intervals the difference of QPF and MAP was made and exceedance curves were derived. Using these curves we can post-process determinant QPF to obtain different QPF variants which input hydrological model. Despite its simplicity this approach provides some additional probabilistic information to main model run. and Česká republika z hydrologického pohledu leží ve zdrojové oblasti střední Evropy. Následkem toho doba koncentrace povodní a dotokové doby jsou relativně krátké (maximálně 2 až 3 dny). Z toho důvodu je pro dosažení dostatečného předstihu hydrologické předpovědi nezbytné využívat kvantitativní předpověď srážek (QPF) s relativně vysokým prostorovým rozlišením. Do hydrologického předpovědního systému AquaLog vstupují deterministické předpovědi srážek meteorologického modelu ALADIN. Nezbytné je vyhodnocení vstupujících QPF z hlediska hydrologických potřeb. Pro 88 povodí byly pro různé časové intervaly odvozeny křivky překročení odchylek QPF a MAP (průměrná srážka na povodí). Na jejich podkladě jsou z deterministické QPF odvozeny variantní srážkové předpovědi, které vstupují jako výpočtové varianty do hydrologického modelu. Výsledkem jsou hydrologické variantní předpovědi s určitou pravděpodobností dosažení. Přes jednoduchost daného přístupu tento poskytuje jakousi přidanou pravděpodobnostní informaci k hlavní deterministické předpovědi.
The Weinstein transform satisfies some uncertainty principles similar to the Euclidean Fourier transform. A generalization and a variant of Cowling-Price theorem, Miyachi's theorem, Beurling's theorem, and Donoho-Stark's uncertainty principle are obtained for the Weinstein transform.
In the present study, a scheme based on fuzzy finite element method was provided for uncertainty quantification of liquefied saturated soil response under dynamic loading. In this respect, the coupled dynamic equations which are known as u-p equations were used, and instead of crisp values for input parameters, including permeability coefficient, specific mass of the soil, compressibility and shear modulus, their fuzzy numbers were used. At the end, displacements and pore water pressure created during earthquake were reported as fuzzy numbers. After verifying procedures of fuzzy analysis by experimental results from the centrifuge model test No. 1 from the VELACS project, several membership grades were considered. Firstly, the effect of fuzzification of each input soil parameter investigated individually, and then effect of considering all four input soil parameters as fuzzy numbers was analyzed by developed method. It was indicated that results of the analysis during the effective time of the earthquake were strongly influenced by the shear modulus and partially by compressibility modulus, and after this time, it was mainly affected by the permeability coefficient. Also considering uncertainty nature of specific mass of the soil had no significant effect on the results.
This study investigates the identity of hookworms parasitising the Australian sea lion, Neophoca cinerea (Péron), from three colonies in South Australia, Australia. The Australian sea lion is at risk of extinction because its population is small and genetically fragmented. Using morphological and molecular techniques, we describe a single novel species, Uncinaria sanguinis sp. n. (Nematoda: Ancylostomatidae). The new species is most similar to hookworms also parasitic in otariid hosts, Uncinaria lucasi Stiles, 1901 and Uncinaria hamiltoni Baylis, 1933. Comparative morphometrics offered limited utility for distinguishing between species within this genus whilst morphological features and differences in nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences delineated U. sanguinis sp. n. from named congeners. Male specimens of U. sanguinis sp. n. differ from U. lucasi and U. hamiltoni by relatively shorter anterolateral and externodorsal rays, respectively, and from other congeners by the relative lengths and angulations of bursal rays, and in the shape of the spicules. Female specimens of U. sanguinis sp. n. are differentiated from Uncinaria spp. parasitic in terrestrial mammals by differences in vulval anatomy and the larger size of their eggs, although are morphologically indistinguishable from U. lucasi and U. hamiltoni. Molecular techniques clearly delimited U. sanguinis sp. n. as a distinct novel species. Obtaining baseline data on the parasites of wildlife hosts is important for the investigation of disease and the effective implementation and monitoring of conservation management.
Pacient s trombózou mozkových splavů a současným intracerebrálním hematomem parieto-okcipitálně byl neúspěšně léčen plnými dávkami intravenózní antikoagulace. Vzhledem k postupné progresi klinického stavu vedoucí ke ztrátě vědomí byla indikována endovaskulární intervence. Pro časté ucpávání aspiračního systému Penumbra byl originálně použit guiding katétr Neuron (současně se Separator 3D) zavedený přímo do trombu namísto Reperfusion katétru se současnou aspirací trombu. Tento postup byl bezpečný a úspěšný a může být použit u pacientů s rozsáhlým trombotickým postižením. Klíčová slova: trombóza mozkových splavů – trombektomie – endovaskulární – aspirační systém Autoři deklarují, že v souvislosti s předmětem studie nemají žádné komerční zájmy. Redakční rada potvrzuje, že rukopis práce splnil ICMJE kritéria pro publikace zasílané do biomedicínských časopisů., A patient with ongoing cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and a parieto-occipital intracerebral haematoma was unsuccessfully treated with full-dose intravenous anticoagulation. A common endovascular aspiration technique was indicated because of the progressive severe deterioration, the level of consciousness had failed. As a novel approach, we used the 6F Neuron guiding catheter (together with The Separator 3D) inserted directly into the thrombus instead of the Reperfusion Catheter, for mechanical disruption of the thrombus mass together with continual aspiration. This procedure was safe and successful and can be used in cases of frequent aspiration catheter occlusions by a large amount of thrombus fragments., and J. Vanicek, M. Bulik
Let $X$ be a Banach space. We give characterizations of when ${\cal F}(Y,X)$ is a $u$-ideal in ${\cal W}(Y,X)$ for every Banach space $Y$ in terms of nets of finite rank operators approximating weakly compact operators. Similar characterizations are given for the cases when ${\cal F}(X,Y)$ is a $u$-ideal in ${\cal W}(X,Y)$ for every Banach space $Y$, when ${\cal F}(Y,X)$ is a $u$-ideal in ${\cal W}(Y,X^{**})$ for every Banach space $Y$, and when ${\cal F}(Y,X)$ is a $u$-ideal in ${\cal K}(Y,X^{**})$ for every Banach space $Y$.