Let M be an m-dimensional manifold and A = Dr k/I = R⊕NA a Weil algebra of height r. We prove that any A-covelocity TA x f ∈ TA x M, x ∈ M is determined by its values over arbitrary max{widthA,m} regular and under the first jet projection linearly independent elements of TA x M. Further, we prove the rigidity of the so-called universally reparametrizable Weil algebras. Applying essentially those partial results we give the proof of the general rigidity result TA M ≃ T r M without coordinate computations, which improves and generalizes the partial result obtained in Tomáš (2009) from m > k to all cases of m. We also introduce the space JA(M,N) of A-jets and prove its rigidity in the sense of its coincidence with the classical jet space Jr(M,N)., Jiří Tomáš., and Seznam literatury
In this paper we compute injective, projective and flat dimensions of inverse polynomial modules as $R[x]$-modules. We also generalize Hom and Ext functors of inverse polynomial modules to any submonoid but we show Tor functor of inverse polynomial modules can be generalized only for a symmetric submonoid.
W. Blaschke and H. R. Müller [4, p. 142] have given the following theorem as a generalization of the classic Holditch Theorem: Let $E/E^{\prime }$ be a 1-parameter closed planar Euclidean motion with the rotation number $\nu $ and the period $T$. Under the motion $E/E^{\prime }$, let two points $A = (0, 0)$, $B = (a + b, 0) \in E$ trace the curves $k_A, k_B \subset E^{\prime }$ and let $F_A, F_B$ be their orbit areas, respectively. If $F_X$ is the orbit area of the orbit curve $k$ of the point $X = (a, 0)$ which is collinear with points $A$ and $B$ then \[ F_X = {[aF_B + bF_A] \over a + b} - \pi \nu a b. \] In this paper, under the 1-parameter closed planar homothetic motion with the homothetic scale $ h = h (t)$, the generalization given above by W. Blaschke and H. R. Müller is expressed and \[ F_X = {[aF_B + bF_A]\over a + b} - h^2 (t_0) \pi \nu a b, \] is obtained, where $\exists t_0 \in [0, T]$.
Chaos is present in many aspect of life. It is very difficult to detect and control chaotic behavior in nonlinear engineering dynamical systems. This contribution deals about some devices for generation of chaotic signals, for example about Chua's circuit, chaos module and analog chaotic oscillators. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
We studied the genetic architecture of the differences in the longevity between lines selected for postponed senescence and a control population of the seed beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus maintained on two hosts. By using lines with increased longevity, which were obtained by selection on natural variation in longevity, we showed that the genetic architecture of seed beetle longevity is complex, with sex-specific effects and variation attributable to many interacting genes, whose expression depend on the host on which the beetles were reared. The nonadditive genetic effects were more strongly expressed when reared on chickpeas, a novel host, than on beans. Outbreeding depression, with respect to longevity, was a consequence of both the intrinsic effect of interactions between genes from different parental sources (disruption of coadapted gene complexes) and the genotype × host interaction (loss of local adaptation).
a1_The infraspecific taxonomy of the European populations of the Large Blue (Maculinea arion) is confusing. Several subspecies have been described mostly based on external morphological features. In the Carpathian Basin two subspecies have been distinguished. Maculinea arion arion flies from mid-May to mid-June and Maculinea arion ligurica is on the wing from the end of June to mid-August. The two forms show some differentiation in habitat use, but occasionally can also share habitats with two peaks in the appearance of butterflies. Our aim was to study the level and structure of genetic variation in a set of populations of the two phenologically different M. arion. Imagos were collected from 8 localities between 2000 and 2006. Enzyme polymorphism was analysed at 13 enzyme loci using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the analysis of the data, we estimated the parameters of polymorphism. To study the pattern of genetic differentiation F-statistics, hierarchical F-statistics and AMOVA were computed. GeneClass and Structure were both applied to analyse the differentiation between the two phenologically different sets of populations. Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards' arc distances were calculated and a UPGMA dendrogram was constructed on the basis of the distance matrix. PCA analysis was also carried out using the allele frequencies of the individuals. The level of polymorphism was relatively high in M. arion. The results of all analyses indicated that the differences between the two sets of phenologically different populations accounted for a low percentage of the total differentiation. In addition, a sizeable amount of variation could be attributed to the differences among the samples collected from the same population in consecutive years. Thus, we concluded that the "spring" and "summer arion" could not be considered as separate ESUs, although we could attribute conservation value to both forms on the basis of, a2_their phenological differentiation and habitat use., and Judit Bereczki, János P. Tóth, Andrea Tóth, Edit Bátori, Katalin Pecsenye, Zoltán Varga.
A total of 39 Amiota species are found from the southern portion of Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China, including 12 new species: A. gaoi sp. n., A. gracilenta sp. n., A. multispinata sp. n., A. yifengi sp. n., A. angustifolia sp. n., A. bacillia sp. n., A. biacuta sp. n., A. cultella sp. n., A. deltoidea sp. n., A. pianmensis sp. n., A. setosa sp. n. and A. bifoliolata sp. n. A key to all the studied species from Hengduan Mountains is provided.
The genus Anthelephila Hope, 1833 and its type species, Anthelephila cyanea Hope, 1833, are redescribed. Based on examination of the type material, the following new synonymy is proposed, Anthelephila Hope, 1833 (= Formicoma Motschoulsky, 1845 syn. n.) and A. cyanea Hope, 1833 (= Notoxus caeruleus Thunberg, 1787 syn. n.). Five genus-group names are regarded as unjustified emendations and are placed as synonyms: Anthelephila Hope, 1833 (=Anthelephilus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849; Formicosoma Motschoulsky, 1845; Myrmecosoma Mannerheim, 1846; Formicomus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849; Orthauchen Krekich-Strassoldo, 1925 syn. n.). A lectotype is designated for Anthelephila cyanea Hope, 1833.
Four new species of the genus Hatschekia Poche, 1902 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Hatschekiidae) are described based on female specimens collected from pufferfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) caught in coastal waters off the Ryukyu Islands, Japan: H. longiabdominalis sp. n. on Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus), H. geniculata sp. n. on A. hispidus (type host) and A. stellatus (Bloch et Schneider), H. ellipsocorpa sp. n. on A. mappa (Lesson), and H. boonah sp. n. on A. nigropunctatus (Bloch et Schneider) (type host) and A. meleagris (Schneider). Hatschekia longiabdominalis sp. n. and H. boonah sp. n. differ from all other congeners by sharing an unusual, projected abdomen and a fusiform trunk with posterior lobes; these two species are differentiated from each other by the shape of the dorsal chitinous frame on the cephalothorax. Hatschekia geniculata sp. n. can be distinguished by the combination of the following morphological characters: a rhomboidal cephalothorax with a pair of lateral conical protrusions, a cylindrical trunk with posterior lobes and a bent abdomen with a dorsal protrusion. Hatschekia ellipsocorpa sp. n. resembles H. pholas (Wilson, 1906) but can be distinguished from the latter by the possession of one distal and one inner setae on the terminal endopodal segment of legs 1 and 2. Hatschekia pholas is also redescribed based on female specimens from the tetraodontid A. stellatus. At present, 44 nominal species of the genus have been reported from Japan, including four new species described in this paper; 38 of them have been described originally from Japan.
In respect of its morphology, biology and epidemiology, Hyalomma (Euhyalomma) impressum Koch, 1844 is one of the more poorly studied ticks of the genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. No comprehensive morphological study has been done to date, and the nymph has not been described. Here the adults and larva are redescribed, and the nymph is described for the first time. Data on hosts, geographical distribution and disease relationships are provided.