A total of 18 Palaearctic and Oriental species of Endomia are treated. Two of them are described as new: Endomia rameshi sp. n. (South India) and Endomia gracilis sp. n. (South Vietnam). A new synonymy Endomia arabica Pic, 1913 (= Endomia longicornis Pic & Hawkins, 1955, syn. n.) is proposed. Lectotypes are designated for the following seven species: E. indica (Laferté, 1848); E. euphratica Krekich-Strassoldo, 1926; E. nana Krekich-Strassoldo, 1926; E. gratiosa Krekich-Strassoldo, 1926; E. lumulata Krekich-Strassoldo, 1926; E. baeri (Pic, 1902); E. malayana (Pic, 1895).
The genus Anthelephila Hope, 1833 and its type species, Anthelephila cyanea Hope, 1833, are redescribed. Based on examination of the type material, the following new synonymy is proposed, Anthelephila Hope, 1833 (= Formicoma Motschoulsky, 1845 syn. n.) and A. cyanea Hope, 1833 (= Notoxus caeruleus Thunberg, 1787 syn. n.). Five genus-group names are regarded as unjustified emendations and are placed as synonyms: Anthelephila Hope, 1833 (=Anthelephilus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849; Formicosoma Motschoulsky, 1845; Myrmecosoma Mannerheim, 1846; Formicomus LaFerté-Sénectère, 1849; Orthauchen Krekich-Strassoldo, 1925 syn. n.). A lectotype is designated for Anthelephila cyanea Hope, 1833.