Developmental dysplasia and dislocation of the hip (DDH) is the
most common type of lower limb deformity in pediatric
orthopedics. The mechanism of the signaling pathway has been
studied in depth. However, the role of epigenetic regulation, such
as lncRNA, is still far from clear. In this study, we successfully
established a rat model of DDH and demonstrated that H19 was
down-regulated in the development of DDH. Further, we
constructed H19 knockdown (KD) and overexpression
chondrocytes. H19 KD suppressed the proliferation of normal
chondrocytes, while overexpression of H19 promoted cell
proliferation of DDH chondrocytes. Finally, we revealed that H19
bound to let-7 and inhibited its function, acting as a competing
endogenous RNA. Down-regulation of H19 is closely associated
with DDH progression and H19 is an important epigenetic factor
that regulates the proliferation of chondrocytes. H19 may thus be
a potential clinical marker for DDH diagnosis and treatment.
If $G$ is a connected graph of order $n \ge 1$, then by a hamiltonian coloring of $G$ we mean a mapping $c$ of $V(G)$ into the set of all positive integers such that $\vert c(x) - c(y)\vert \ge n - 1 - D_{G}(x, y)$ (where $D_{G}(x, y)$ denotes the length of a longest $x-y$ path in $G$) for all distinct $x, y \in V(G)$. Let $G$ be a connected graph. By the hamiltonian chromatic number of $G$ we mean \[ \min (\max (c(z);\, z \in V(G))), \] where the minimum is taken over all hamiltonian colorings $c$ of $G$. The main result of this paper can be formulated as follows: Let $G$ be a connected graph of order $n \ge 3$. Assume that there exists a subgraph $F$ of $G$ such that $F$ is a hamiltonian-connected graph of order $i$, where $2 \le i \le \frac{1}{2}(n + 1)$. Then $\mathop {\mathrm hc}(G) \le (n - 2)^2 + 1 - 2(i - 1)(i - 2)$.
The elongated encased spermatophores of the capsalid (entobdelline) monogeneans Neoentobdella diadema (Monticelli, 1902) Kearn et Whittington, 2005 and N. apiocolpos (Euzet et Maillard, 1967) Kearn et Whittington, 2005 have been found attached by their proximal ends to the region of the vaginal opening, with the bulk of the spermatophore projecting from the vagina and therefore lying outside the body. In spite of previous reports, no spermatophores were found projecting from the common genital opening and if spermatophore exchange is as rapid as it is in the related entobdelline Entobdella soleae, then the chances of finding a spermatophore in this location are small. In N. diadema and N. apiocolpos it is likely that sperm enters the vagina through the open proximal end of an attached spermatophore, after which the empty spermatophore case is probably discarded. There is no evidence for a previous proposal that the whole spermatophore is engulfed by the vagina followed by digestion of the case to release the sperm. Three specimens of N. diadema were found each with two spermatophore cases projecting from the vagina and a specimen of N. apiocolpos carried three cases. Assuming that each parasite is able to donate or receive only one spermatophore at each mating, then the presence of one spermatophore does not prevent a further mating and acceptance of a fresh spermatophore. In spite of differences between the spermatophores of E. soleae and N. diadema/N. apiocolpos, the events of spermatophore exchange may be similar.
Internal and external features of the head of Ascioplaga mimeta (Coleoptera: Archostemata) were studied with micro X-ray computertomography (µCT) and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI). These methods allowed the reconstruction of the entire internal anatomy from the only available fixed specimen. The mouthparts and their associated musculature are highly derived in many aspects. Their general configuration corresponds to that of Priacma serrata (the only other archostematan studied in comparable detail). However, the mandible-maxilla system of A. mimeta is built as a complex sorting apparatus and shows a distinct specialisation for a specific, but still unknown, food source. The phylogenetic analysis resulted in the identification of a new monophylum comprising the genera [Distocupes + (Adinolepis +Ascioplaga)]. The members of this taxon are restricted to the Australian zoogeographic region. The most prominent synapomorphies of these three genera are their derived mouthparts.
Competencies develop and changes throughout a persons life, they can gain or lose, going through various age stages. Their development does not end in youth, but continue on through the adult life. The ability to thing and reflect those thoughts specifically come forward in the center of structure of competency, which grows at the same time as the individual matures. One of the competency types is health competency. Health competency is a relatively new concept; it is not sufficiently researched. Aim of the study was to determine the factors of an adult individual health competency. 827 respondents participated in the study, in the processing of data was used SPSS. Was used factor analysis, analysis of variance with ANOVA and KruskalWallis test and Pearsons correlation. It was found that health competency is affected by several factors. These are: health education, health behavior, and the value of the environment. Each of the sets was distributed to key factors. It is the main factors affecting the health competence, but additional factors are: gender, education and income., Inara Upmale, Andrejs Geske, and Literatura
In 1938, L. C. Young proved that the Moore-Pollard-Stieltjes integral R b a f dg exists if f ∈ BVϕ[a, b], g ∈ BVψ[a, b] and ∑∞ n=1 ϕ −1 (1/n)ψ −1 (1/n) < ∞. In this note we use the Henstock-Kurzweil approach to handle the above integral defined by Young.
In this paper we prove an existence theorem for the Cauchy problem \[ x^{\prime }(t) = f(t, x(t)), \quad x(0) = x_0, \quad t \in I_{\alpha } = [0, \alpha ] \] using the Henstock-Kurzweil-Pettis integral and its properties. The requirements on the function $f$ are not too restrictive: scalar measurability and weak sequential continuity with respect to the second variable. Moreover, we suppose that the function $f$ satisfies some conditions expressed in terms of measures of weak noncompactness.
The article deals with the use of the pluperfect as a narrative device in six short stories writen by the Hindi-author Kamlesvar and published in 1964. The article distinguishes two ways of using the "absolute" pluperfect, that is, the pluperfect found in a context other than retroversions. The first type is the pluperfect that signalizes Free Indirect Discourse. In the second type, the pluperfect expresses a feeling of helplessness, as experienced by a character or narrator. The use of the pluperfect in FID is a result of the tense shift that characterizes this semi-direct style. Its occurerence in the second type, on the other hand, comes close to the central meaning of the Hindi pluperfect of indicating and action that (according to Montaut´s explanation) does not go on to and is separated by a time interval from, the present. Here, however, that meaning should be taken metaphorically.