Water-borne transmission of the coccidium Cryptosporidium parvum Tyzzer, 1912 is frequently responsible for outbreaks of human cryptosporidiosis. One of the most important was reported in 1993 in Milwaukee in the United States, where 403,000 cases were recorded. The determination of the percentage of oocysts excystated is the first step in evaluating their viability, but it alone is not sufficient. This percentage depended on the conditions of storage and also the presence of oxidant or disinfectent agents in water. The percentage of excystation is not always related to viability. Therefore, determination of the viability of excysted sporozoites by determining their infectivity for enterocytic Caco2 cell lines in culture provides information essential for evaluating the risk of contaminated drinking water.
This is a followup report on the viability of pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellami, Naegleria australiensis, and N. fowleri during 5 years of cryopreservation and the virulence of N. fowleri during 30 months of cryostorage, all at -70’C. The greatest decrease in viability occurred during the first year of freezing and was 10-fold greater than the average yearly decrease during years 2-5. At 5 years of cryostorage, viability was 33 % for A. castellana, 38 % for N. fowleri and 51% for N. australiensis. Virulence of N. fowleri did not decrease during 30 months of freezing and what appeared to be an increase in virulence during cryopreservation may be the result of reduced viability of the less virulent amebae in a culture.
This is a follow-up report on the viability of pathogenic Naegleria fowleri, Naegleria australiensis and Acanthamoeba castellanii isolates during 5 to 10 years of cryopreservation at –70°C. The greatest decrease in viability occurred with N. fowleri and the least occurred with N. australiensis. At 10 years of cryostorage, viability was 21% for N. fowleri, 32% for A. castellanii and 51% for N. australiensis.
The influence of water environment on natural frequencies of a Francis pump-turbine runner with the shaft is analyzed. The computations are executed by ANSYS program package based on finite element method. The fluid ‘equivalent mass‘ matrix concept is used. For solution, the Euler approach is used. Obtained natural frequencies and vibration mode shapes of the turbine runner with shaft in vaccum, in air and in water are presented. Computed natural frequencies and vibration mode shapes of the turbine runner with shaft in vacuum are compared to computed natural frequencies and vibration mode shapes of the turbine runner without shaft. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
A detailed analysis of dynamical properties of five-blade-bundle mathematical model was carried out with the aim to investigate how the damping elements made of rubber inserted into slots between blades heads influence the response curves at different distribution of exciting harmonic forces. Viscous-elastic linear Voigt-Kelvin model was used for modeling the rheological properties of damping elements. Constant values of stiffness and damping parameters were supposed at analysis. The orthogonality of excitation forces distribution to the other eigenmodes of blades bundle is applied at insulated selected resonance. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
In the paper there are deduced differential equations of the vibroisolation system of the ambulance couch. The kinematic excitation is realized in three directions: the vertical translation and the rotations around the both horizontal axes of the car. The suspension of the ambulance couch corresponds to this presumption and is made by the parallelogram; on the upper base there is a double level Cardan suspension.
The linearised system of the motion equations is stated and the preliminary analysis of the dependency of all the three natural frequencies on the selected parameters is made. By vertical kinematics excitation numerical simulation of the excited oscillations is made. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
During a survey of the coccidian parasites of reptiles, caryosporan oocysts were found in the faeces of wild and captive European viperid snakes Vipera berus (L.) and V. ammodytes (L.). Thirty two of 37 examined V. herus (86%) and 9 of 17 examined V. ammodytes (53%) specimens were found to be passing caryosporan oocysts. Morphological characters of all caryosporan isolates were identical and fitted well with the description of Caryospora simplex Léger, 1904. Experimental inoculation of severe combined immunodeficient (SC1D) mice with seven isolates of C. simplex from V. berus or V. ammodytes confirmed the heteroxenous life cycle pattern, for the first time for isolates of evidently European origin. Caryosporan developmental stages were observed in the connective tissues of the nose, cheeks, ear and scrotum in all inoculated SCID mice. V. berus and V. ammodytes represent new hosts for C. simplex. The present paper represents the first widely based report on coccidian parasites of the genus Caryospora Léger in European viperids. Our findings indicate a wide distribution of C. simplex throughout the range of distribution of snakes of the genus Vipera.
Development of combustion engines can be characterized by continuous increase in the number of computational simulations being applied in all areas. There is a clear trend to use chain or belt drives for the design of timing drives. Computational simulation of these drives has not been developing too long due to high demands on the computational technology. The paper focuses on simulation of dynamics of the timing chain drive with the use of a multi-body system. A mass-produced four cylinder in-line engine with two camshafts and two valves per cylinder has been used as a computational model. and Obsahuje seznam literatury