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552. Alendronate lowers cholesterol synthesis in the central nervous system of rats - a preliminary study
- Creator:
- Cibičková, Ľ., Radomír Hyšpler, Norbert Cibiček, Čermáková, E., and Vladimír Palička
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, fyziologie, physiology, brain cholesterol synthesis, bisphosphonates, alendronate, beuterium oxide, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates were found to inhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase - an essential enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, but their effect on cholesterol synthesis per se in the central nervous system (CNS) remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine possible influence of a representative agent alendronate on cholesterol synthesis rates in selected parts of rat CNS and on plasma cholesterol level. Two groups of rats were orally administered either alendronate (3 mg/kg b.w. ) or vehicle for 9 days. At the end of experiment, brain (basal ganglia, frontal cortex and hippocampus) and spinal cord were isolated and cholesterol synthesis was determined using the technique of deuterium incorporation from deuterated wa ter. In the alendronate group significant reductions of choleste rol synthesis rates were detected in frontal cortex, hippocampus and spinal cord (p<0.001). However, the experimental treatment did not produce a significant alteration in the levels of plasma cholesterol. In conclusion, this study brings the first experimental evidence of the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis with alendronate in central nervous system., Ľ. Cibičková, R. Hyšpler, N. Cibiček, E. Čermáková, V. Palička., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
553. Aleš Klégr: English complex prepositions of the type in spite of and analogues sequences
- Creator:
- Dušková, Libuše
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Language:
- English
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
554. Alexandru Proca (16.10.1897 - 13.12.1955)
- Creator:
- Kraus, Ivo
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Proca, Alexandre, 1897-1955, fyzika, dějiny, physics, 6, and 53
- Language:
- Czech and English
- Description:
- Několik příspěvků v tomto čísle cituje dílo A. Procy v souvislosti s problémem možné nenulové hmotnosti fotonu. Ukážeme zde, že dílo tohoto francouzského teoretického fyzika rumunského původu je mnohem rozsáhlejší. Byl skutečně významným a všestranným fyzikem., In this year we commemorate 60 years since the death of Alexandru Proca, one of the greatest physicists of the 20th century. He was a French scientist of Romanian origin. He developed the vector meson theory of nuclear forces and the relativistic quantum field equations which bear his name (Proca‘s equations) for the massive, vector spin-1 mesons., Ivo Kraus., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
555. Algebraic solution to box-constrained bi-criteria problem of rating alternatives through pairwise comparisons
- Creator:
- Krivulin, Nikolai
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- idempotent semifield, tropical optimization, constrained bi-criteria decision problem, Pareto-optimal solution, box constraints, and pairwise comparisons
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- We consider a decision-making problem to evaluate absolute ratings of alternatives that are compared in pairs according to two criteria, subject to box constraints on the ratings. The problem is formulated as the log-Chebyshev approximation of two pairwise comparison matrices by a common consistent matrix (a symmetrically reciprocal matrix of unit rank), to minimize the approximation errors for both matrices simultaneously. We rearrange the approximation problem as a constrained bi-objective optimization problem of finding a vector that determines the approximating consistent matrix, and then represent the problem in terms of tropical algebra. We apply methods and results of tropical optimization to derive an analytical solution of the constrained problem. The solution consists in introducing two new variables that describe the values of the objective functions and allow reducing the problem to the solution of a system of parameterized inequalities constructed for the unknown vector, where the new variables play the role of parameters. We exploit the existence condition for solutions of the system to derive those values of the parameters that belong to the Pareto front inherent to the problem. Then, we solve the system for the unknown vector and take all solutions that correspond to the Pareto front, as a complete solution of the bi-objective problem. We apply the result obtained to the bi-criteria decision problem under consideration and present illustrative examples.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
556. Algesthesia after epileptic seizure
- Creator:
- Jan Mareš and Richard Rokyta
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Patologie. Klinická medicína, patologie, epileptické záchvaty, analgezie, krysa obecná, pathology, epileptic seizures, analgesia, Rattus rattus, nociception, flurothyl, postictal analgesia, 14, and 616
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The consequences of epileptic seizures related to postictal inhibition in early postictal period include postictal analgesia. We studied this phenomenon over 96 h following flurothyl-induced seizures in adult male Wistar rats. Nociception of control (no seizure) and seizured groups were tested using the plantar and von Frey hair tests. We determined latency of forepaw and hind paw reactions using plantar tests and the number of von Frey hairs reactions. Shortly after seizures, longer plantar test latencies were seen relative to the control group. Before the seizures the plantar test reaction times were significantly shorter in forepaws than in hind paws. The effect disappeared post-seizure and surprisingly, it also disappeared at the corresponding time in controls; it reappeared after 48 h in the seizure group and after 24 h in controls. Differences in the von Frey hairs test occurred at 5 and 60 min post-seizure, however, these differences could not be explained by limb anatomy; although, different thermal and mechanical nociception mechanisms could be significant. The unexpected reactions in controls could be related to brief social and physical interactions between the two groups. and J. Mareš, R. Rokyta.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
557. Alien fish species in the Czech Republic and their impact on the native fish fauna
- Creator:
- Lusk, Stanislav, Lusková, Věra, and Hanel, Lubomír
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- introduction, translocation, and invasion
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Over the past 150 years, the waters of the Czech Republic were experimentally stocked or invaded by a total of 41 alien (non-native) fish species. The following species have become fully naturalized and produced self-sustained populations: Carassius gibelio, Pseudorasbora parva, Ameiurus nebulosus and Gasterosteus aculeatus, which produced stable populations in several spatially limited localities. In some cases Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salvelinus fontinalis and Coregonus maraena will produce instable temporary populations based on released material obtained from fish farms and ponds. The occurrence of the remaining acclimatized alien species (Coregonus peled, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis) in natural ecosystems and fishponds depends on stocking fish obtained from artificial spawning and cultures. The documented annual average production of alien species fit for human consumption amounts to around 2 000 tonnes, i.e. 8.2 % of the annual average production of marketable fish cultures in the Czech Republic. A significant negative impact of the introduced species on native ichthyofauna has been ascertained as regards its ecological, biological properties, biodiversity and health. Considered a typical invasive alien species, Carassius gibelio heavily depressed the occurrence and numbers of indigenous Carassius carassius populations and also contributed to the decreased numbers of Tinca tinca, Leucaspius delineatus and other native cyprinid fish. P. parva and A. nebulosus show a much weaker and limited impact. The introduction of C. idella was accompanied by the introduction of the tapeworm species, Bothriocephalus gowkongensis, which subsequently caused heavy losses in cultures of Cyprinus carpio. In 2008, Neogobius melanostomus was recorded for the first time in this country at the confluence of the Morava and Dyje rivers.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
558. Alien invasive fish species in Polish waters
- Creator:
- Grabowska, Joanna, Kotusz, Jan, and Witkowski, Andrzej
- Type:
- article and TEXT
- Subject:
- non-indigenous species, introduction, invasion, and impact of exotic species
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- For the last 800 years, 35 alien fish species have been introduced, mainly intentionally, in Polish inland waters. The paper reviews the present state of alien fish fauna in Poland, with special attention paid to those considered to be invasive. Till now 26 species have been reported as naturalized, acclimatized or casual and it means that 34% of fish fauna are non-indigenous species. The majority came from North America, Eastern Asia and Siberia or different regions of Europe. More than 65 % of all introductions took place in the last 60 years. After the World War II the rapid expansion was noted specially for brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus and gibel, Carassius gibelio. In the recent decade similar explosive spread has been observed for three Neogobius species (round goby, N. melanostomus, racer goby, N. gymnotrachelus, monkey goby, N. fluviatilis), Amur sleeper, Perccottus glenii and topmouth gudgeon, Pseudorasbora parva. The occurrence of introduced fish species resulted in several negative changes in aquatic environments. Some of them are as follows: hybridisation with native species, destruction of spawning grounds and habitats for many freshwater organisms, decrease of native fish reproduction success due to predation on eggs and offspring and finally the aliens might be vectors for parasites and diseases.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
559. Alkaline phosphatase activity of duodenal enterocytes after neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate to rats
- Creator:
- Mozeš, Š., Ľudovít Lenhardt, and Martinková, A.
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, obezita, obesity, alkaline phosphatase activity, duodenal enterocytes, monosodium glutamate, rat, 14, and 612
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In the present work neonatal male and female Wistar rats were treated intraperitoneally with monosodium glutamate (MSG 2 mg/kg b.w.) or saline (controls) daily for 4 day after birth. At the age of 30 and 80 days, the alkaline phosphatase activity (AP) in the brush border of individual enterocytes, the body fat content and Lee´s index of obesity were analyzed. Microdensitometrical quantification of AP was significantly increased on day 30 in males (P<0.01) and on day 80 in MSG-treated male and female rats (P<0.001) as compared to the controls. MSG administration also increased the body fat weight and the obesity index significantly (P<0.001) in 80-day-old animals, but was without any significant effect on their food intake. Our results showed that a) neonatal MSG-treatment may significantly change the intestinal function and b) the investigation of the intestinal enzyme activities may be important in further studies on MSG-induced and other forms of obesity., Š. Mozeš, Ľ. Lenhardt, A. Martinková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
560. Alkaline phosphatase as marker of Schistosoma monsoni egg viability
- Creator:
- Giboda, M. and Žďárská, Z.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Schistosoma mansoni, eggs, viability, and alkaline phosphalase
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- A reliable assessment of the viability of schistosome eggs trapped in host tissues is difficult. The use of a coupling azo dye method for the detection of alkaline phosphatase (A1P) in Schistosoma mansoni ova was found to be a specific and sensitive method for differentiating between viable and dead eggs, and can be used in both immature and mature eggs. In fully developed miracidia within an egg, A1P activity was demonstrated in germ cells and in the sensory endings of the neural cells. The embryonating miracidia displayed A1P activity on the body surface and in von Lichienberg’s envelope. The alkaline phosphatase test for egg viability shows increased sensitivity when compared with the more conventional Oogram and Hatching tests.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public